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1743.

1744.

1745.

1746.

1748.

1751-4.

1754.

1756.

1757 (Apr.).

1758.
1759.
1760.

Henry Pelham Prime Minister.

Pitt's Legacy from Duchess of Marlborough.
Fontenoy; Jacobite Rebellion.

Pitt in the Ministry (Paymaster-General of
the Forces); Culloden.

Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Clive turns the struggle against the French in
India.

Newcastle succeeds Pelham as Prime Minister;
Pitt M.P. for Aldborough, joins the Oppo-
sition.

Seven Years' War begins; Byng at Minorca. Pitt Secretary of State in the Duke of Devonshire's Ministry.

Pitt dismissed; (June) Pitt and Newcastle 'Coalition Ministry' (till 1762); Plassey. Cape Breton captured.

Minden, Quebec, Quiberon Bay.

Capture of Montreal and Battle of Wandewash secure Canada and India.

Accession of George 111.

Books of Reference

The adequate life of William Pitt, first Earl of Chatham, has yet to be written. In addition to Thackeray's work and Macaulay's two Essays, see

G. F. Russell Barker: Article Pitt, William (i),' in the Dictionary of National Biography (with Bibliography).

W. H. Lecky: History of England in the Eighteenth Century, 7 vols. (new edition, 1892).

Mahon: History of England, 1713-1783, vols. ii.-vii. (1858).

THE ESSAY ON MACKINTOSH'S HISTORY OF THE REVOLUTION

The Essay falls into two unequal parts- -the first, which occupies about one-third of the whole, dealing with Mackintosh's career, and defending him against the charge of inconsistency; the second sketching in brilliant review the causes which led up to the Revolution of 1688, and the results of that great crisis, and showing how Macaulay's mind was thus early set upon the task of writing the history of the England of that epoch himself. The severe attack on Mr. Wallace's prefixed Notice of

EDITOR'S APPENDIX

451

the Life, etc., nearly led to a duel between Macaulay and that gentleman.

Mackintosh's dates are 1765 and 1832. Lord Dalling and Bulwer (Historical Characters [5th edition, 1876], pp. 254-306), take him as a type of "The Man of Promise,' and says, 'no man doing so little ever went through a long life continually creating the belief that he would ultimately do so much.' In addition to the Life (in 2 vols. 8vo, 1836), by his son, and Lord Bulwer's Essay, there is a good sketch in Hazlitt's Spirit of the Age.

Chief Dates in English History, 1660-1689

1660.

Declaration of Breda and Restoration of Charles II.

1662. Act of Uniformity and Expulsion of Dissenting Ministers (Aug.).

Charles declares for Toleration (Dec.).

1665. The Plague. 1666. The Fire.

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1660-1685. Charles II.

1673.

Test Act.

1678.

1679.

James 11. 1685-1689.

Dismissal of Shaftesbury.

The Popish Plot. Peace of Nimeguen.
Habeas Corpus Act.

(Mar. 6-27). The first Short Parliament. 1680-81. (Oct. 21-Jan. 18). The second Short

Parliament.

1881. (Mar. 21-28). The third Short Parlia

ment.

1683. The Rye House Plot.

Sydney executed.

Russell and

1685. Sedgemoor (Jul. 6). The Bloody Assizes. 1686. The Judges allow the King's Dispensing Power.

1687. (Apr.) First Declaration of Indulgence. 1688. (Apr.) Second Declaration of Indulgence. 1688. The Trial and Acquittal of the Seven Bishops (June). Landing of William of Orange (Nov. 5).

1689. (Feb. 13) The Crown accepted by William and Mary.

Books of Reference

L. Ranke: A History of England, principally in the Seventeenth Century, iii. p. 310-iv. p. 528. (1875.)

Osmond Airy: The English Restoration and Louis XIV. (1874). Burnet's History of my own Time reign of Charles II. (1897-1900).

• ..

The

Macaulay: History of England from the Accession of James II.

i. and ii. (1849).

S. R. Gardiner: A Student's History of England (ii.), pp. 578648 (1890-1), and the literature cited on p. 648.

ERRATA

P. 61 1.6 from bottom. For 'Mr. Harvey's' read 'Mr. Heath's.'

P. 222 1. II. For 'out' read 'on.'

P. 270 1. 3. For 'Hamilton's Bawn' read 'Hamilton's Bawn. P. 273 1. 11 from bottom. "For 'Redford' read 'Retford.' P. 317 1. 11. For Charles Fox' read the late Mr. Fox.' P. 336 1.8 from bottom. For 'Brown's' read 'Browne's.'

GLOSSARY OF ALLUSIONS

NOTE.-The bracketed numbers which immediately follow the
names refer to the pages of the text. They are not ex-
haustive, and the Index should be used in connection
with this Glossary, as persons, etc., in some passages
merely alluded to are often elsewhere more fully described.

Acbar (349), contemporary
with Elizabeth, firmly estab-
lished the Mogul rule in
India; Aurungzebe (1659-
1707) extended the Mogul
Empire over South India.
A darker and fiercer spirit
(243), Jonathan Swift, the
great Tory writer (1667-
1745).
Aislabie (305), Chancellor of
the Exchequer ; forfeited
most of his huge profits.
Alfieri (30), Italian dramatist,
and one of the pioneers of
the revolt against eighteenth
century literary and society
models (1749-1803).
Alva, Duke of (188), the in-
famous governor of the
Netherlands (1508-82).
Alnaschar (30), see The His-
tory of the Barber's Fifth
Brother,' in the Arabian
Nights.
Arbuthnot, Dr. (198), author
of the History of John Bull
(p. 69), friend of Swift and
Pope (1670-1735).
Arminius (120), leader of the
Germans against Rome; de-
feated by Germanicus (18
B.C.-19 A.D.).

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Babington, Anthony (400), an

English Catholic, executed
in 1586 for plotting to assas-
sinate Elizabeth. Everard
Digby was concerned in the
Gunpowder Plot of 1605.
Barnard, Sir John (281), an

eminent London merchant,
and Lord Mayor (1685-
1764).


Bath, Lord (257), William
Pulteney, Sir R. Walpole's
opponent, and author of a
few magazine articles (1684-
1764).
Beauclerk, Topham (26), John-
son's friend, the chivalrous
T. B., with his sharp wit
and gallant, courtly ways'
(Carlyle) (1739-1780).
Belisarius (301), Justinian's
great general, who succes-
sively repulsed the Persians,
Vandals, Goths, and Huns,
but who, tradition says, was
left to become a beggar
(d. 565).

Beloe, William (23), a mis-
cellaneous writer, whose
version of Herodotus, so
far from being flat is, while
'infinitely below the modern
standard in point of accu-

racy, much above modern performance in point of readableness' (Dr. Garnett) | (1756-1817). Bentivoglio, Cardinal (171), a disciple of Galileo, and one of the Inquisitors who signed his condemnation (1579-1641).

Bentley, Richard (16), master of Trinity College, Cambridge, and an eminent philologist (1662-1742). Berkeley and Pomfret (166), where Edward II. and Richard II. respectively met their deaths. Betty Careless (37), one of Macaulay's inventions which sufficiently explains itself. Black Frank (54), Johnson's negro servant, Frank Barber. Blackmore, Sir Richard (51),

a wordy poetaster (d. 1729), who was the butt of all contemporary wits. Blatant Beast, the (64), does not really die. See the end of Fairie Queen, vi. Blues, The (303), Royal Horse Guards.

Bolt Court (53), on the N. side of Fleet Street; Johnson lived at No. 8 from 1777 till his death in 1784. Bonner (88), Bishop of London,

served 'Bloody Mary's anti-Protestant zeal, died in the Marshalsea Prison under Elizabeth. Boscan (189), a Spanish imita

tor of Petrarch; Alva's tutor; served in Italy (1485-1533). Bradshaw (254), President of the Court that condemned Charles I.

Brothers, Richard (368), a fanatic who held that the

English were the lost ten tribes of Israel (1757-1824). Browne's Estimate (of the Manners and Principles of the Times) (336), the author was a clergyman noted also for his defence of utilitarianism in answer to Shaftesbury (Lecky, Hist. Eng. in 18th Cent., ii. 89 f.). Brutus (285), i. The reputed expeller of the last King of Rome; ii. One of Cæsar's murderers. Buller, Sir Francis (362), English judge, author of Introduction to the Law of Trials at Nisi Prius (1745-1800). Burlington, Lord (295), Richard Boyle, an enthusiastic architect of the Italian school (1695-1753).

Burton, Henry (103), a Puritan divine, pilloried, mutilated, and imprisoned by the Star Chamber (1578-1648).

Calas, Jean (427), a tradesman

of Toulouse, done to death on the wheel in 1762 on the false charge of murdering his son to prevent his becoming a Romanist. Voltaire took his case up and vindicated his memory. Camden, Lord (265), the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas who declared general warrants illegal and released Wilkes in 1763. Campbell, Dr. John (46), a miscellaneous political and historical writer (1708-1775). Caracci, Annibal (258), an

Italian painter of the Elizabethan age. Carter, Mrs. (43), a distinguished linguist and translator of Epictetus.

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