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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
ANCIENT HISTORY.
CHAPTER I.-Egypt.
SECT. I. Geographical Outline......
II. Political and Social Condition of the Egyptians....
III. History of Egypt from the earliest Period to the Accession of Psam-
metichus
IV. History of Egypt from the Reign of Psammetichus to its subjugation
by Cambyses...
V. Egyptian Manufactures and Commerce...
CHAPTER II.-The Ethiopians.
SECT. I. Geographical Outline and Natural History.
II. History of the Ethiopians..
III. Arts, Commerce, and Manufactures of Meroë....
CHAPTER III.-Babylonia and Assyria.
II. Political and Social Condition of the Assyrians and Babylonians.
PAGE.
.2
.5
9
11
.13
14
15
SECT. I. Geographical Outline and Natural History....
III. History of the Assyrians and Babylonians.
IV. Description of Nineveh and Babylon...
V. Commerce and Manufactures of the Babylonians...
17
18
19
.23
.25
IV. Social and Political Condition of the Syrians and Phoenicians.
SECT. V. History of the United Kingdom of Israel........
VI. The Revolt of the Ten Tribes.-The Kingdom of Israel...
VII. The Kingdom of Judah..
CHAPTER VI.-The Empire of the Medes and Persians.
SECT. I. Geographical Outline....
II. Sources and Extent of our Knowledge respecting the Ancient
Persians..
..42
47
.51
..58
III. Social and Political Condition of Ancient Persia.....
IV. History of the Medes and Persians under the Kaianian Dynasty.......62
V. History of the Persians under the Hytaspid Dynasty....
........59
......60
..64
CHAPTER VII.-Phænician Colonies in Northern Africa.
SECT. I. Geographical Outline of Northern Africa..
..68
II. Social and Political Condition of Carthage..
..69
III. History of Carthage from the Foundation of the City to the Com-
mencement of the Syracusan Wars....
.70
IV. History of Carthage during the Sicilian Wars..
......73
V. From the Commencement of the Roman Wars to the Destruction of
Carthage.....
VI. Navigation, Trade, and Commerce of Carthage.....
.....76
.......79
CHAPTER VIII.-The Foundation of the Grecian States.
SECT. I. Geographical Outline of Hellas......
.81
II. Geographical Outline of the Peloponnesus...
III. The Grecian Islands in the Ægean and Mediterranean Seas.
IV. The Ionian Islands.....
VI. Traditional History of Greece from the earliest Ages to the Com-
mencement of the Trojan War......
.89
92
VII. From the Trojan War to the Colonization of Asia Minor..
CHAPTER IX.-History of the Grecian States and Colonies before the
Persian War.
SECT. I. Topography of Sparta......
95
II. Legislation of Lycurgus, and the Messenian Wars..
..95
III. Topography of Athens...
..97
IV. History of Athens to the Beginning of the Persian War.....
V. Historical Notices of the Minor States of Greece previous to the
Persian War.....
VIII. History of the Greek Colonies on the Euxine Sea, Coast of Thrace,
Macedon, &c... . . . .
.106
CHAPTER X.-History of Greece from the Persian Wars to the
Accession of Alexander the Great.
V. Tyrannical Rule of Sparta.-Third Peloponnesian War.
VI. The Second Sacred War.-Destruction of Grecian Freedom..
.121
.128
CHAPTER XI.-The Macedonian Kingdom and Empire.
SECT. I. Geographical Outline of Macedon......
II. History of the Macedonian Monarchy.
III. Dissolution of the Macedonian Empire..
..131
.132
.138
CHAPTER XII.-History of the States that arose from the Dismemberment
of the Macedonian Empire.
SECT. I. History of Macedon and Greece from the Battle of Ipsus to the
Roman Conquest......
II. History of the Kingdom of Syria under the Seleucidæ..
III. History of Egypt under the Ptolemies.....
IV. History of the Minor Kingdoms in Western Asia..
V. History of Bactria and Parthia....
VI. History of Idumea, and its Capital Petra...
VII. History of the Jews from their Return out of the Babylonish Cap-
tivity to the Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus...
145
153
158
162
166
.168
171
CHAPTER XIII.—History of Ancient Italy.
SECT. I. Geographical Outline.....
..183
II. Historical Notices of the early Inhabitants of Italy.
III. The Greek Colonies in Italy..
..187
....
..190
CHAPTER XIV.—History of Sicily.
II. Historical Notices of the early Inhabitants of Sicily.
III. The History of Syracuse....
CHAPTER XV.—History of the Roman Republic.
.193
.196
.197
SECT. I. Traditions respecting the Origin of the Romans.
IV. From the Rebuilding of the City to the First Punic War......
V. From the Commencement of the Punic Wars to the Beginning of the
Civil Dissensions under the Gracchi..
II. From the Foundation of Rome to the Abolition of Royalty.
III. From the Establishment of the Roman Republic to the Burning of
the City by the Gauls..
...200
.201
.206
.215
VII. The Establishment of the Roman Empire...
VI. From the Beginning of the Civil Dissensions under the Gracchi to
the Downfall of the Republic.......
218
228
.237
CHAPTER XVI.-Geographical and Political Condition of the Roman Empire.
VI. The Principal Nations on the Frontiers of the Empire..
VII. Topography of the City of Rome...
.248
251
CHAPTER XVII.-History of the Roman Empire.
SECT. I. The Reigns of the Family of the Cæsars..
IV. Foreign Commerce of the Romans in the Age of the Anto-
III. From the Extinction of the first Flavian Family to the last of the
Antonines....
II. From the Extinction of the Julian to that of the first Flavian
Family....
256
.265
.271
nines...
.278
VI. From the Murder of Alexander Severus to the Captivity of Valerian
and the Usurpation of the Thirty Tyrants....
V. From the Extinction of the Antonines to the Establishment of
Military Despotism....
..280
...285
SECT. VII. From the Captivity of Valerian to the Resignation of Dioclesian...289
VIII. From the Resignation of Dioclesian to the Death of Constantine
the Great......
IX. From the Death of Constantine to the Reunion of the Empire
under Theodosius the Great.......
...295
..301
.312
X. Overthrow of the Western Empire...
CHAPTER XVIII.-India.
Early History....
....318
MODERN HISTORY.
CHAPTER I.-Consequences of the Fall of the Western Empire.
SECT. I. The Gothic Kingdom of Italy..
327
II. The Reign of Justinian....
III. The Establishment of the Civil Law..
IV. History of the Silk Trade.-Introduction of the Silkworm into
Europe....
...329
.334
..337
VII. The Anglo-Saxons....
V. The Monarchy of the Franks, under the Merovingian Dynasty.......341
VI. The Lombard Monarchy..
...346
...349
CHAPTER II.-The Rise and Establishment of the Saracenic Power.
SECT. I. Political and Social Condition of the East at the Coming of Mohammed.352
IV. State of the East from the Establishment to the Overthrow of the
Khaliphate.....
....387
CHAPTER IV.-Growth of the Papal Power.
SECT. I. The Origin of the Papacy....
.....390
II. The early Development of the Political System of the Papacy..
III. The Struggle for Supremacy between the Popes and Emperors.
IX. Consequences of the Crusades..
.427
X. Formation and Constitutional History of the Spanish Monarchy.
XI. Survey of the Constitution of Aragon.....
XII. State of Western Europe at the Commencement of the Fourteenth
Century.
.437
XIII. Pontificate of Boniface VIII..
.442
XIV. State of England and the Northern Kingdoms at the Commence-
ment of the Fourteenth Century......
5.448
XV. Revolutions in the East in Consequence of the Mongolian Invasion...450