CHAPTER V.-The Revival of Literature.-The Progress of Civili-

zation and Invention.

SECT. I. Decline of the Papal Power.-The Great Schism of the West..

II. First Revival of Literature, and Inventions in Science..

III. Progress of Commerce...

IV. Revolutions of Germany, France, and Spain.

V. The State of England and the Northern Kingdoms in the Fourteenth

and Fifteenth Centuries........

VI. Rise and Progress of the Ottoman Empire....

CHAPTER VI.-The Reformation, and Commencement of the States-

System in Europe.

PAGE.

.453

.469

..472

...479

.483

.486

SECT. I. Progress of Maritime Discovery..

.490

II. Origin of the Reformation..

.495

III. History of the Negotiations and Wars respecting Italy.

...500

IV. The History of Burgundy under the Princes of the House of Valois...502

XI. Formation of the States-System in the Northern Kingdoms of Europe..546

XII. Progress of the Turkish Power in Europe....

.549

CHAPTER VII.-The Augustan Ages of England and France.

SECT. I. State of the Continental Kingdoms after the Peace of Westphalia.....553

II. History of England under the Commonwealth...

...556

III. History of England, from the Restoration to the Revolution; and

Rise of the Power of Louis XIV...

564

Formation of the Grand Alliance......

IV. General History of Europe, from the League of Augsburg to the

V. The War of the Spanish Succession..

VI. Peter the Great of Russia.-Charles XII. of Sweden...

CHAPTER VIII.-Growth of the Mercantile aud Colonial System.

SECT. I. Establishment of the Hanoverian Succession in England..

II. The Colonial Struggle between France and Great Britain..

III. The Seven Years' War....

....578

...583

..590

..599

...609

..613

CHAPTER IX.-The Age of Revolutions.

SECT. I. Change in the Relations of the Catholic Powers to the Holy See.-

Dismemberment of Poland......

...626

II. History of England, from the Peace of Paris to the Commencement

of the American War.....

..630

III. The American War...

.634

IV. The British Empire in India...

.637

V. History of Europe, from the End of the American War to the Com-

mencement of the French Revolution...

.639

VI. The French Revolution.....

.642

CHAPTER X.-The French Empire.

SECT. I. Renewal of the War between England and France..

II. Progress of Napoleon's Power.

V. History of Europe, from the Dethronement of Napoleon to the

Conclusion of the Treaty of Vienna....

655

659

663

673

...678

CHAPTER XI.—History of the Peace.

SECT. I. State of Europe at the Close of the War....

II. History of Europe during the Reign of George IV..

III. History of Europe during the Reign of William IV..........

CHAPTER XII.-History of Colonization.

........

SECT. I. The Establishment of the Spaniards in Mexico...

II. The Establishment of the Spaniards in Peru

III. The Portuguese Colonies in South America..

IV. The English in America.....

V. Colonization of the West Indies.

VI. The Portuguese in India......

VII. The Spaniards in the East Indies.

VIII. The Dutch in the East Indies....

IX. The Danes in the East Indies..

X. The French in the East Indies.

XI. The English in India.......

PAGE.

682

.684

.692

..706

...716

..719

.725

....726

.....728

....730

....730

...732

..732

.733

A

MANUAL

OF

ANCIENT HISTORY;

CONTAINING

THE POLITICAL HISTORY, GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION, AND SOCIAL STATE OF THE PRINCIPAL NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY;

CAREFULLY REVISED

FROM THE ANCIENT WRITERS.

BY W. C. TAYLOR, LL. D., M. R. A. S.,

OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN.

REVISED,

BY C. S. HENRY, D. D.,

PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY

OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK.

NEW YORK:

D. APPLETON & CO., 200 BROADWAY.

PHILADELPHIA:

GEORGE S. APPLETON, 148 CHESNUT ST.

MDCCCXLV.