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PAGE 1, line 6. Montezuma was imprisoned, of course, by Cortes. See the account in Prescott's History of the Conquest of Mexico, Book iv, Ch. iii.

1. 7. Atahualpa was treacherously strangled, by order of Pizarro, August 29, 1533. See the account in Prescott's Conquest of Peru, Book ii, Ch. vii; also Appendixes ix and x.

1. 9. The battle of Buxar, 1764, between the native Indian forces and Major (afterward Sir Hector) Munro. The complete victory of the English laid the province of Oude at their feet.

1. 10. The massacre of Patna. Ellis, an Englishman, seized the town of Patna in 1763, but Meer Cossim almost immediately recaptured it, making prisoners of Ellis and his force of about one hundred and fifty Englishmen. Shortly afterward, Meer Cossim was defeated at the battle of Gheriah; and, in revenge, he massacred all his English prisoners at Patna, besides about two thousand sepoys. See p. 101.

1. 11. Surajah Dowlah. Where did he rule? See p. 51, 1. 15 ff. Why does Macaulay here select provinces so widely separated as Oude and Travancore ?

1. 12. Holkar: one of the most powerful of the Hindoo chieftains of Clive's period. He was a Mahratta. He gave much trouble to the English.

1. 13. The victories of Cortes. Note the piling up of detail

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upon detail from this point to the end of the paragraph. These details fall into two groups, one intended to set forth clearly the insignificance of the ancient Mexicans; the other the importance of the East Indians. What is the special object in

drawing these two pictures so strongly ?

Macaulay, however, has placed the civilization of the Mexicans upon a plane entirely too low.

P. 2, 1. 12. Ferdinand the Catholic. Toward the close of the year 1494, or the beginning of 1495, the Pope conferred the title The Catholic upon Ferdinand and Isabella, in consideration of "their eminent virtues, their zeal in defence of the true faith and the apostolic see, their reformation of conventual discipline, their subjugation of the Moors of Granada, and the purification of their dominions from the Jewish heresy." PRESCOTT, Ferdinand and Isabella.

1. 14. The Great Captain: Gonsalvo de Cordova, or Aguilar, a Spanish general, born 1453. In 1495, he was sent by Ferdinand and Isabella to assist their kinsman, Ferdinand II, King of Naples, to expel Charles VIII, of France, who was trying to usurp the throne of Naples. Gonsalvo's exploits in this war were so brilliant as to win for him the title El Gran Capitan, The Great Captain.

1. 19. One of the greatest empires. "The British empire in India extends over a territory larger than the continent of Europe without Russia." Whitaker's Almanack, 1898.

1. 24. Mill: James Mill (1773-1836), father of John Stuart Mill, the well-known writer on political economy. His History of India was published in 1818, and was later revised by H. H. Wilson.

P. 3, 1. 2.. Orme: Robert Orme (1728-1801), author of a History of British India, published 1763-1778.

1. 13. Lord Powis : Clive's eldest son, Edward, created Earl of Powis, in the English peerage, in 1804. He died in 1839. The earldom is now held by George Charles Herbert.

P. 4, l. 1. Character. Would reputation be a better word here? See also p. 6, 1. 2; p. 28, 1. 14; p. 93, 1. 8, etc.

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1. 3.

Whose love passes the love: a Biblical expression. thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women. "-2 Samuel i, 26.

P. 5, 1. 15. Flies out loses his temper.

P. 6, l. 11. Writership: A clerical position, the chief duties being the keeping of accounts, etc.

1. 11. East India Company. The history of this important organization begins in the reign of Queen Elizabeth (1558-1603). As early as the year 1600, a charter was granted to a company of London merchants, investing them with the monopoly of trade in the East Indies; and the later East India Company was the logical successor of this body. Macaulay gives some interesting details of its early history in his History of England, Ch. xviii.

1. 15. East India College. This was established by the East India Company at Haileybury, in Hertfordshire, for the special purpose of preparing young men to enter the Indian service. In 1839, it had a faculty of twelve teachers, and a roll of a hundred students. A contemporary French writer speaks of it as "one of the most excellent establishments of its kind in existence." When the Civil Service system was applied to India, in 1858, the institution became a public school, and since 1866 it has been known as Haileybury College.

Trevelyan, who married Macaulay's sister Hannah, went from this college to India, where he met his future wife and brotherin-law.

P. 7, 1. 20. The prophet's gourd: a Biblical allusion. See Jonah iv.

P. 8, 1. 25. The Great Mogul: a title applied to the successive rulers of the Mogul Empire.

P. 9, 1. 2. There is still a Nabob. With the rest of this paragraph compare Warren Hastings (Macmillan's Pocket Classics), p. 22, 11. 6-15.

1. 8. Which are not to be disputed. Does this clause add anything to the thought? Compare the phrase "advice almost equivalent to command." - Essay on Hallam's Constitutional History.

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11. 14-15. Picked up pocket-money. What effect is produced by placing these dissimilar details so close to each other? 1. 23. Letters of recommendation. The more modern expression is "letters of introduction."

P. 10, 1. 7. Relations: the usual word when Macaulay wrote. The tendency at present is to use relative in this sense.

P. 11, 1. 12. Wallenstein: a Bohemian general (1583-1634), the commander-in-chief of the forces of the Emperor Ferdinand II in the Thirty Years' War. Schiller reproduced some of the events of his life in three dramas, of which the chief ones, the Piccolomini and the Death of Wallenstein, were translated into English by Coleridge.

1. 20. War of the Austrian Succession. Charles VI, Emperor of Germany, died in 1740, and his daughter, Maria Theresa, claimed the throne of Austria as her hereditary right. The

Elector of Bavaria also claimed it. France supported the elector, and England espoused the cause of Maria Theresa. The war was closed by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748, which gave the throne to Maria Theresa.

1. 21. House of Bourbon: a line of French kings, beginning with Henry IV. The family furnished rulers also to Spain,

Naples, and Parma.

P. 12, 1. 3. Labourdonnais. See p. 138, 1. 18.

1. 14. Parole: an abbreviation of the French phrase parole d'honneur ("word of honor"). Captured soldiers are sometimes released on pledging their word of honor that they will not again bear arms against their captors unless properly exchanged.

1. 19. Dupleix. See p. 47, 1. 22, and p. 138, 1. 20.

P. 14, 1. 1. Desperate duel. Clive and an ensign in the army quarrelled over a game of cards, and a challenge followed. Clive fired, but missed his man. His antagonist then walked up, placed his pistol against Clive's head, and ordered him to ask for his life. Clive refused to do so, when the officer threw down his pistol and walked away. See Wilson's Life of Clive. The story is very picturesquely, but, it seems, somewhat inaccurately, told in Browning's Clive (“Dramatic Idylls," Second Series).

1. 9. As. Present usage would probably omit this word here. Cf. p. 78, 1. 25; p. 83, 1. 6.

1. 12. Peace. By the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, October 7, 1748.

1. 21.

Commercial life. With the phraseology here, compare that of p. 29, 11. 3–5.

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