34; their women worked upon by the
Brahmans, 76, note; in the Punjab
and Hindustan, 80; Hindu influence
on, ib. ; five kingdoms in the Dekhan,
ib.; collision with Hindus in the
Dekhan, 108; league against Ram Rai,
116, 117; victory, 118; respect for
harems, 139, note; schism, 151; idea
of Christ, 215, note; antagonism
against Rajpúts, 243.

Mussulmans, the New, their character,

58; massacre, 61; Shíahs, 87; in
Hindu armies, 104.

Mustafa Khan, the Afghan general in
the service of Ali Vardi Khan, 540;
impulsive character, 543; treachery
and death, 548.

Mutiny of 57 compared with Hindu
revolt at Delhi in the 14th century,
83.

Nadir Shah, founds a new Persian em-
pire, 407; march on Delhi, ib.;
butcheries in Delhi, 408; marches
home with his plunder, 409; assassi-
nated, 409, 410.

Naiks of Madura, Hindu annals of, 415,
439, 569-585.

Nairs of Malabar, description of, 463,
465, 479, 480.

Nanuk Guru, founder of the Sikhs, 393;
his religion, ib. ; successor, ib.
Narain Rudra, his reign at Delhi, 556.
Nau-roz, feast of, 211.

Nawab, office of, 524, note.

Niebuhr, Karsten, visits Bombay and
Surat, 518, note.

Nizam-ul-Mulk, viceroy of the Dek-
han, 406; jealousy of Saádut Khan,
408; death, 410.

Nuddea, the Raja of, 45, note.
Núr Mahal, a heroine of

Lalla Rookh,"
201, note; story of, 202; marries
Jehangir, paramount influence, 202,
note; coach, 225; intrigues against
Khurram, 231; plots and intrigues,
237; checkmated, 239; vindictiveness,
245; desperation, 246; arrest, ib.;
escape, ib.; fall, character, 247.
Olaza, Queen of, 457; her meeting with
Della Valle, ib. ; accession and married
life, an Amazon, 458; divorce of hus-
band and war, 459; poisons her eldest
son, ib.

Omichund, the Patna banker, 538, 539.
Onore, fort at, a type of old Portuguese
settlements in India, 440, 441.
Ortensio Bronzoni, his shipbuilding, 350.
Ox-hide, cruel death in, 17, note.
Oxenden, Mr., Governor of Bombay, at
Sivaji's coronation, 370.

Padishah, the Moghul, 131, note; help-
lessness in the provinces, 317.
Pagoda, Hindu, turned into a mosque,
475.
Palanquin travelling, 468, 469, note.
Pál Rajas of the Punjab, 23, note.

Pán, description of, 494, note.
Pándya, Raja of Madura, his troubles
and imprisonment, 569, 570.
Parískhit, 556, note.

Parvatí worship described, 427, 428.
Parwíz, son of Jehangir, 203; interview
with Roe, 207; his drunkenness and
death, 237, 241, 247.

Peacock, an emblem of the sun, 277.
Peishwas, the Mahratta, 406.
Peninsula, or Southern India, its condi-
tion in the time of Alá-ud-dín, 63; the
people of, 96; its general history, 439.
Pepper, Portuguese trade in, 440; Queen
of, 443.

Persia, conquered by the Arabs, 10;
revolt and revival under the Sámáni,
19, 20; sends ambassador to Shah
Jehan, 258; condition of Persian
grandees under Akber and Aurangzeb,
327; in Masulipatam, 485.

Poleas, the, aversion of the Nairs to
them, 480; treated as lepers, ib.
Poligars of Madura, 578.
Portuguese and the Moghuls, 197; and

Hawkins, 198; punished by Shah
Jehan, 252; women, demand for, 253,
note; sunk in effeminacy, 256, note;
at Goa, 424, 433; vices in India, 434,
note; charged with deceit, 436; at
Onore, 441; lose St. Thomé, 482;
at Goa, 505; ladies at Goa, 506.
Pratápa Rudra, Raja of Telinga, carried
prisoner to Delhi, 564; his capture
and release, 565; rebukes his minister,
ib.

Prithi, Raja of Delhi, 41; his marriage
with the Kanouj princess, 42; defeat
and death, ib.

Punch, that enervating liquor, 507; its
Anglo-Indian origin, ib.

Punishment, capital, 422, 478, 487.
Purchas, Samuel, his account of Akber,
168-171.

Queen, Hindu, description of, 457, 458.
Race differences in India, 233, note;
solar and lunar, 277.

Rai Rayan, the Bengali financier, 530;
suicide, 540.

Rajas, the tributary, 256; the Hindu,
at Delhi, 323; the Assam, 350, note;
their origin, 415, 439; persons sacred
in war, 465; rule, 521.
Rajput princesses, 17; prefer death to
shame, 22, 23; kingdoms, 23, note:
and the Mussulmans, 28, note; char-
acteristics, 29; enmity to the Turks,
32; flight, 57; revenge, 38; would
not blend with Mussulmans, 142, 143;
intermarriages with the Moghul, 144;
aristocracy, 148; army, ib.; disaffec
tion, 255; outside the Moghul service,
256; relations with Shah Jehan,
257; plot, 378; imposed upon, 379;
outwit the adversary and defy him,
380.

Ram-deva, Raja of the Mahratta country,
53; surprised and plundered by Ala-
ud-din, 54.
Ramanuja Acharya, incarnation of Vish-
nu, 559; converts the Jain Raja of
Karnata country, 562.

Ram Rai of Vijayanagar, usurps the
throne of Deva Rai, 112; intrigues
and overthrow, 113; restored, 115;
preparations against the Mussulmaus,
117; defeat and death at Talikota,
118; indiscretion and fate, 569.
Rana of Udaipur at bay, 375; muster
of all the Moghuls to crush him, ib. ;
entraps Aurangzeb, 377; holds out
and triumphs, 380.

Ranga Krishna Muttu Virappa Naik,
his abilities, his ring and the slipper,

583.

Rávana, Raja of the Rakshasas, char-
acter of as a Jain or Buddhist, 413,
414.

Roads, Moghul and Hindu, 469.
Roe, Sir Thomas, xii; account of mis-

sion, lands at Surat, 205; Moghul in-
solence, 206; journey to Burhampoor,
ib.; interview with Parwíz, 206, 207;
attends the Durbar, 208; before Je-
hangir, 209, note; negotiation diffi-
culties, 210; snubbed and soured,
212; draft treaty, 213; meeting with
the Viceroy of Bihar, 215, 216; present
at a carouse, 217, 218; is wheedled out
of the portrait of his lady-love, 218,
note; warns the Company, 220; put
to shame, 221; peeped at, 223; in
Durbar, ib.; in camp, 226; with Khur-
ram, 228; visits Persian ambassador,
230; meets Khuzru, ib.; indignation,
ib.; an informer, 232; compliment,
234; bribes Asof Khan and leaves, ib.;
at Surat, 419.

Royshan Rai Begum, younger daughter

of Shah Jehan, 280; ambition and
intrigues, 338, 339; distrusted by
Aurangzeb, 341; mortification at
treatment, 341; her amours, 342;
disappears, 343.

Rubruquis, xv.

Saádut Khan, Nawab of Oude, the rival

of Nizam-ul-Mulk, 406; his jealousy
and malice, 408.

Sabaktigín, his wars with the Rajputs of

the Punjab, his triumph, 22-24, notes.
Saliváháná, born of a virgin, 557,
note,

Salutations among the Moghuls, 175,
note.

Sámáni, empire of, in Bokhara, its
history, 20, 21.

Sambhaji, son of Sivaji, plays off the
Mahratta tactics, 383; morals con-
trasted with his father's. 383, note;
plots against his life defeated, 384;
captured by Aurangzeb and put to a
cruel death, 390.

Sankara Acharya, an incarnation of Siva,
558.

Santons, Muhammadan saints, held in
honour, 325; challenged to prove their
claims by a miracle, 326; failure and
punishment, ib; one beheaded, 363.
Sarfaraz Khan, Nawab of Bengal, 528;
is thrown into confinement and re-
leased, 531; his character and arro-
gance, 536; affront to Jagat Seit, ib. ;
conspiracy against, ib.; rebellion
against, 537; slain, 539.

Sayyids, dynasty of, 76, note; the two,
396-405.

Scinde, Arab invasion, 16, 17.

Selim, revolts, procures the death of
Abul Fazl, 187; investiture, 188. (See
Jehangir.)

Seraglios, the Muhammadan, vice in,
365.

Serpent-worship, 472.

Servants in India, their faithfulness, 421;
cheap, 426.

Shah Abbas, of Persia, demands the
liberation of Shah Jehan, 345; pre-
pares for war, 352; mocks and defies
Aurangzeb, ib.; takes the field, but
dies, 353; Della Valle's esteem for
him, 460.

Shah Alam, son of Aurangzeb, 338; the
crown prince, 339; raises a sham re-
bellion in the Dekhan, 357; inactive
at Aurangabad, 358; announces his
rebellion, ib.; sham proclamations,
359; foiled, ib.; ordered to return,
360; crippled and disarmed, ib.; in
the Dekhan, 372; steals a march on
Akbar, 379; taken in, 382; two-faced
policy, 387; makes peace with Sultan of
Golkonda, ib.; arrested by his father,
388; liberated, 390. (See Bahadur
Shah.)

Shah Jehan, son of Jehangir, his wife,
203, note; unscrupulous, hated by
Núr Mahal, 237; supported by Asof
Khan, ib.; Khan Khánan becomes his
ally, 238; gets rid of Khuzru, 239;
suspected by his father and sup-
planted by Bulákí, ib.; affairs des-
perate, 240; plot to get possession
of the royal treasures, ib.; defeat of
the plot, has to fight with his father,
241; panic and flight, ib.; humbles
himself and is forgiven, 242; revolts
again and is forced to flee, ib. ; ravages
Bengal, 243; is beaten and flees to the
Dekhan, ib.; is joined by the forces
of Mahabat Khan, 247; scheme to
raise him to the throne, its success,
249; wades through blood, 250; char-
acter and political situation, 251;
source of his good fortune, 251, note;
religious sympathies and antipathies,
252; influence of his wife over him,
ib.; revenge on the Portuguese, 253,
note; submission of Khan Jehan, 254;

pursues Khan Jehan, who revolts,
255; annexes Ahmadnagar and Berár,
ib.; Khan Jehan's head sent to him,
ib.; Rajput disaffection and contempt,
255, 256; coerced by the Rajputs,
257; treachery and cowardice, ib.; be-
haviour towards the Persian ambassa-
dor, 258; ambassador from Golkonda,
258, note; flattery, 258; story of the
female slave, 259; and the Kótwal,
ib.; highway robberies, ib. ; cause of
his weakness, 260; his harem, ib.;
its power, 261; his fancy fairs and
lawless gallantries, 262; builds the
Taj Mahal, ib.; amours of his daughter,
Begum Sahib, 264, note; corruption
of his administration, ib.; so-called
history, 265; nomad court, ib.; a prey
to fear, 266; greedy and lavish, ib.;
Father Catrou's account, ib.; palace
at Agra, 270; tyranny and corruption,
271; extortion, ib. ; founds New Delhi,
273; his palace guards, 276; his pea-
cock throne, 277; his Hindu nature,
278; his sons and their struggles for
the throne, ib. ; his daughters, 280;
sickness, 285, 286; intrigues of his
sons, 286-290; resigns in favour of
Dara, 292; offers the crown to Mah-
múd, 300; barred off by Aurangzeb
from the outer world, ib.; forged
letters, ib.; in prison a terror to
Aurangzeb, 321; his rights acknow-
ledged, 322-328; refuses to give up the
royal jewels, 328; strikes the gover-
nor at Agra with his slippers, 346; a
cordial sent him, ib.; poisoned, 347;
funeral, ib.

Shah Námeh, marks an epoch, 39, note;
its subject, 551; its fabulous matter,
ib.; its character, 552; its legends, ib.;
allegorical of origin of civilisation, ib.;
Oriental exaggerations, 553.
Shahryár, youngest son of Jehangir,
betrothed to the daughter of Nur
Mahal, 237; attempts to seize the
throne, 248; his fate, 248, 249.
Shaikh Mubárak, father of Akbar's
minister, Abul Fazl, 153; his career,
154; his sons, 155.

Shaista Khan, viceroy of the Dekhan,
335; celebrates the coronation of the
emperor, Aurangzeb, 336; attacked
when drunk, but escapes, 336, 337;
recalled, 337.

Sherif of Mecca refuses to acknowledge
Aurangzeb, 322; sends a messenger
with presents to Delhi, who returns
empty-handed, 364.

Sher Khan, the Afghan, outwits Hu-
máyun, 132; in possession of Hindu-
stan and the Punjab, 133; history,
133, note, 134.

Shiahs and Sunnís, division of, 9, note,

20, note; antagonism, 85, note, 105;
mixed in the Dekhan, 87; confusion

due to this distinction, 87, note; des-
perate battle at Bijápur, 110, 111;
deadly struggle, 133, note; under
Shah Jehan, 253, 254, 394, 400; out-
break at Delhi, 401.

Shuja, son of Aurangzeb, 279, 281; re-
volts, 286; Jai Singh's letter, 287;
artifice, ib.; bamboozled by Jai Singh,
ib.; defeat, 288, 314.

Shuja Khan, Nawab of Bengal, 528; his
favourites, 529; indolent administra-
tion, 530; suspicious death, 534; his
presents, 535.

Sikhs, religious sect of, 393; early
brotherhoods, ib.; become military,
394; long beards and blue garbs, 401;
massacre under Bandu Guru, 402.
Sikliguli Pass, its importance, 538.
Sinde, infested by brigands, 511.
Sivaji, the Mahratta hero of the Kon-
kan, the terror of the Dekhan, 332;
his character and independent position,
333; treachery and assassination, 334;
courted by Aurangzeb, ib.; causes a
panic in Moghul camp, 336; lured to
Delhi, 354; his mortification and rage,
355; his peril and escape, 356; fore-
warned forearmed, 357; supports the
rebellion of Shah Alam, but takes no
steps, 359; the terror of the Dekhan,
369; his coronation. 370; near Madras,
371; returns to Konkan, 372; lays
about him, and dies, ib.; memory of
him at Surat, 478; at Goa, 509; a free-
booter, 570.

Slave kings, the, brief account of, 47,
48; courts of, 49, note.
Slipper, homage to, 583.

Somnáth, 35, note, 36: the temple and
its treasures, 37, 38; the idol, 38,
note.

Spy system of Aurangzeb, 327.
Sufism and the Súfi period, 25, 26.
Sulaiman, son of Dara, betrayal of,
313.

Sultans, the, of Mussulman India, 77,
78; of the Dekhan, 94, 95.

Sundara Iswara, the god Siva, 572, note.
Sunergong, 62, note.

Sunní, the, period, 25; reaction, 26,
27.

Sunnís, the, religion of, 86.
Surat, situation, 197; Roe in, 206;
a European settlement, 424; cus-
tom-house at, 474; administration of
justice, 476, 477; the two Nawabs, 477;
protection at night, 478: plundered by
Sivaji, ib.; a change, 496; Christians
insulted, ib.; Muhammadan merchants,
496, 497; the Banians, ib.; the Fakirs,
497, 498; the Nawab defied by the
Fakirs, 498; the Nawab's oppressions,
ib.; fear of the Mahrattas, 499; army
of Nawab, ib.; Moghul shipping, ib. ;
described by Niebuhr, 519, 520; gar-
dens, 520

Taj Mahal, the, built by Shah Jehan,
262; its significance and character,
262, 263.

Talikota, battle of, 118.
Tamil, Rajas, 64.

Tartars of Chenghiz Khan, 49, 50;
character of, 121.

Tatta, its gratitude to Captain Hamil-
ton, 512.

Tavernier, J. Baptista, xii; meets

Amir Jumla, 282; does not believe in
diamond mines, ib.; his travels, 466-
473; his aims, 466; range of his tra-
vels, 466, 467; mode of travelling and
precautions, 467, 468; his information
meagre, 473.

Telegraphs, Indian, at Goa, 507.
Telinga, situation, 53, note; intrigues,
90, 91.

Termal, the mad Raja of Vijayanagar,
114; betrayed, kills himself, 115.
Terry, the Rev. Mr., his travels in In-
dia, 417-423; journey to Mandu,
419.

Thanesar temple plundered, 34.
Theresa, St., canonisation celebrated at
Goa, 435.

Thevenot, M. de, xii; his travels, 473-
480; a thoughtful observer, 473; at
the custom-house of Surat, 474; gets
rid of a robber by a few coppers,
476.

Thomé, St., its capture by the French,
482, 490.

Thugs, the, 479.

Timma, Hindu minister at Vijayanagar,
his intrigues, 112.

Tímúr, invasion of the Punjab, 76, 98;
a Turkish Moghul, 126; no Mussul-
man, 126, 127.

Tirumala Naik, the hero of Madura,
his coronation, 576; his reign typical,
ib., note; settlement with Tanjore,
ib.; marriage, 577; wedding cere-
monies, 577, 578; his army and fin-
ances, 578, note; marries three cousins,
579; humbles Séthupati, 579, 580;
marries three hundred and sixty-five
wives, and offends Mínákshi, 580;
builds a new palace, ib.; character
and death, 580, 581.

Todar Mal, 178; revenue arrangements,
179.

Travelling in Hindu countries, 457,
467-469.

Tugh Bahadur, the Sikh Guru, 393.
Tughlak dynasty, 69-76.
Tughlakabad, its ruins, 69.

Turks, and Moghuls, the, xv; invade
India, 1; in Central Asia, 21; found
the kingdom of Ghazní, ib. ; first colli-
sion with the Hindu, 22; leadership of
Islam, 24, 30; marry Hindu wives,
69.

Udipuri, Aurangzeb's favourite Sul-
tana, 364; indisposed, 365; carried

off by Rajputs, but restored, 377;
intrigues in favour of her son,
388.
Ulamá, its influence, x; ignored, 60;
and Alá-ud-dín, 60, note; at Agra,
150, 151; bigoted Sunnís, 151, 156;
denounced, 152; and Mubárak, 154;
troubles Akber, 156; humbled by
Akber, 157; open debates, 158; dis-
comfiture, 158, 159; differences
among, 159; abdicates in favour of
the Padishah, 160; the part it played,
ib.

Umra Singh, the Rajput prince of Mar-
war, his contempt for Shah Jehan,
256; overpowered and slain, 257.
Vaishnava religion, rise and spread,
562, 563.

Valle, Pietro Della, his travels, 423-
466; motive of his visit to India, 423;
short sketch of his life, ib., note; his
companion, 424; his curiosity, 426;
at Cambay, 428; visits Goa, 431; his
Muhammadan servant boy, 431-456;
his lady companion, 433; masquerades
as an Arab,435; goes to Kanara, 439;
at Ikkeri, 448-455; purse stolen and
recovered, 456; visits Olaza, 457;
professes himself a Yogi, 458; eats
a Hindu dinner, 459; praises the
Pope and the Moghul, with Turk and
Persian, 460; stands on his dignity,
and refuses to sell jewels and horses,
460, 461; cannot obtain an audience
of the Queen of Olaza, 461; visits
King of the Yogis, 461, 462; visits
Calicut, 462; in the palace of the
Zamorin, 464; returns home, 465.
Vareyánga Belál Rai, Raja of Karnata,
562.

Varuna, a temple of, 446; idols, ib.;
procession, 447; worship, ib.
Vedic people, the, 125.
Venk-tapa Naik, Raja of Kanara, his
dealings with the Portuguese, 440;
his mistress and his queen, 442; per-
plexity, 443; invades Garsopa and
carries off the queen, ib.; public
audience, 448; conference, 449; fa-
vourite idol, 452.

Viceroys, 272, note; the Moghul, 422.
Vijaya Narasinha Belál, Raja of Kar-
nata, 563.

Vijayanagar, Hindu empire of, para-
mount in the Peninsula, 89; city of,
impregnable, 93, note; wealth, 96
plunder of, 119, note; fall of, 119;
history perverted by the Brahmans,
119, note; empire of, founded, 567.
Vikramaditya, character and story of,
556, 557.

Vináditya Belál Rai, Raja of Karnata,
561.

Vinaik Deva, prince of Telinga, his
insolence and fate, 90.

Vira Belál Rai, Raja of Karnata, mar-

ries the daughter of the Sultan of
Delhi, 563.
Virappa Naik, of Madura, protects the
pilgrims to Rámíswara against the Kal-
lans, 575, 576; quarrel with Tanjore,
ib.

Vishnu, incarnate as Rama, 414.
Visvanáth Naik, of Madura, violent pro-
ceedings, 570; makes peace with
Krishna Rai, ib.; grand inauguration,
570, 571; grand reception and en-
thronement at Madura, 572; corona-
tion, 573; greatness, ib.; combat with
the Pandava Rajas, death, 574.
Warangal, 63; disaster at, 82.
Widow, procession preparatory to burn-
ing, 451.

Wife, first, supreme, 123, note.

Wine, its use prohibited throughout the
Moghul Empire, 324, 325; forbidden
to women, 365.
Women, Arab, 12, note.

Worship of trees, &c., 427, note; Hin-
du, 453.

Xavier, St. Francis, canonisation cele-
brated, 436.

Yakub the brazier, 19, note.
Yogis, the Hindu, their habits, profes-
sions, &c., 403; the King, 461; de-
scription of King, 462; imposture de-
tected at Surat and avenged, 514.
Yuganda Rudra, minister of Telinga,
his stratagem for delivering the Raja
his master, 565; reorganises the Brah-
mans, 566.

Yusuf Adil Shah, first Sultan of Bíjá-
pur, 109, note.

Zahra, the vegetable-dealer at Delhi, a
favourite at court, 395; her insolence,
396.

Zamorin of Malabar, his troubles, 463;
in his palace, 464.

Zemán Khan, the rebel 140.
Zemindars, the,

Khan, 526.

and Murshed Kuli

Zulfikar Khan, Vizier, under Jehandar
Shah, 395; murder of, 397.