Guzerat, her adventures, 56, 57; mar-
riage, 57; subject of a poem, 57, note;
married to Mubárak, 66.

Dewan, office of, 524.

Dhúr-samundar, city, 63, 561.

Diler Khan, commands in the Dekhan,
358, 359.

Durbar, the, 177; cruel scene, 222; in
Delhi, 275.

Dutch, the, in India, 424; mostly married
men, 425; their wives, ib.
Dynasties, Hindu, histories of, 411;
mythical accounts, ib.

Education of Moghul princes, 329.
Ellenborough, Lord, memory of, 381,

note.

Elephant show, 217.

Elephants, stone, in Delhi, 276.
Empires, the three Hindu, in the Dek-
han, 439.

English, seek a settlement at Surat,

197; prophecy respecting, 199; ag-
gressions, 204, 205; frighten the
Moghuls, 233; in great favour, 234;
at Surat, 267; rights acknowledged
in Madras, 389; at Delhi, 403; their
tactics, 409; riotous conduct of the
lower orders, 419, note; grudge at
Portuguese, 424; danger at Masuli-
patam, 487.

Epics, the Sanscrit, 551.

Eunuchs, their influence, 484, 485, note.
European, respected in India, 199,
note; and Hindu, 233, note; settle-
ments outside the Moghul empire,
348, 349; privileged traders and
pirates, 349; pirates on the high seas,
ib.; in a transition state, 369; tra-
vellers in India, 416, 417; in Bom-
bay, 519.

"Faith, the Divine," 172.
Fakhr-u-Nisá, daughter of Aurangzeb,

informs against her aunt's lovers, 343;
her influence and ambition, 344; pleads
with her father for the life of Shah
Jehan, 346.

Fakirs, the Muhammadan, a pest, 497;
vagabond lives, 498.

Fancy fairs at the Moghul court, 262.
Farrukh Siyar, proclaimed emperor, 396;
fights and enters Delhi, 397; chafes
under the control of the two Sayyids,
ib. despatches one against Jodhpur,
ib.; marries a Marwar princess, 399;
deposed, 405.

Fathers, Christian, at the court of Ak-
ber, 162, note.
Fathpúr abandoned, 165.

Feathers, heron's, among Turks and
Moghuls, 224, note.
Female rule in India, 262.

Firdusi, 39; contracts to write his poem,
551; refuses his reward in silver money,
552; character of his poem, ib.
Fírúz Shah, peaceful reign, 74; forces
the Brahmans to pay jezya, 74, 75,

note; burns a Bráhman at the stake,
75, note; death, 76.

Fírúz Shah, Sultan of the Dekhan, lover of
wit and pleasure, 97; evening assem-
blies, ib.; war against Vijayanagar, 98;
succeeds by assassination, ib. ; conquers
Narsing Rai, 99; propitiates Tímúr,
ib.; marriage, 100; secret enmity with
Deva Rai, 101; story of the damsel of
Mudkul, 101, note; troubles with the
Hindus, 101; dies in sorrow and de-
spair, ib.

Foot-posts, institution of, 470.
Foreigners and Dekhanís, 87, 105, 182.
Fort St. George, 489; description of, 491;
mixed population, 492.

Fortresses, frontier, 92, note.

Foujdar, the, at Surat, 478; duties of,
ib.

French, capture St. Thomé and war with
Sultan of Golkonda, 482; repulse the
Dutch, 488.

Friars, Indian, 450, 454.
Fryer, Dr. John, his travels, 480-511;
lands with English fleet at Masulipa-
tam, 481; at Madras, 491; at Bom-
bay, 495; at Surat, 496; at Joonere,
501; visit to Goa, 505; leaves India,
511.

Galal, Della Valle's servant, 431, 456.
Gakkars, the, assassinate Muhammad
Ghuri, 43.

Gardens, Oriental, 520.

Garsopa, the Queen of Pepper, 443.
Garuda, the bird, 571, note.
Gauri worship, 450.

Ghats, journey over, 444.
Ghazní founded, 21.

Ghiás-ud-din Tughlak, the saviour of
Delhi, 68-70; blinded and dethroned,
97.

Ghusal-khana, the, 177; evening assem-
blies in, 198.

Goa, Moghul mission to, 384; conduct of
the Portuguese viceroy, 385; Mahratta
scheme against, ib.; attacked, and
saved by the Christian monks and
missionaries, 386; a Moghul squadron
repulsed, ib.; voyage to, 424; settle-
ment described, 431, 432; inhabitants,
433; procession at, 434; courier from
Madrid, 435; celebration of canonisa-
tion, 435-437; feast of St. John the
Baptist, 436; Passion feast, 437; pro-
cessions and priests, 437, 438; its weak-
ness, 438 Christianity at, ib.; Dr.
Fryer at, 505; Inquisition at, ib.; and
the Portuguese, ib.; the clergy, 506;
the Kanarese, ib.; ladies, ib.; man-
chet, wax, arrack, and punch, 509;
old city, 507; more priests than
soldiers, 508.

Gokurn, Fryer's pilgrimage to, 508;
annals and library, 509; Brahmans
at, ib.

Golkonda, ambassador and Shah Jehan,

258, note; designs of Amir Jumla and
Aurangzeb, 283, 284; flight of the
Sultan, 284; double game of Shah
Alam, 387; taken by Aurangzeb
through deception, 388, 389; wars of
the French against, 482; the Sultan of,
484; his expenses, 485; toleration of
Sultans, 488; policy of the Sultan to-
wards Europeans, 494.

Gour, the kingdom of, its extent, 45, 46.
Granth, the sacred book of the Sikhs,
393.

Gratiates, the, 475, note; their Raja,
476.

Guru Govind, his death, 401.

Guzerat, cannibalism at, 474; its in-
habitants, 513; its ports protected by
Rajputs, 513.

Haji Ahmad, chief minister of Shuja
Khan, 529; ambition, 531; imprisoned
and released, 534; fate, 548.
Hamilton, Captain Alexander, travels,
511-521; defeats the brigands of Sinde
and is rewarded, 512; skirmish with
pirates, 513; his views on Moghul rule,
521.

Hanuman, the monkey-god, his temple,

offerings, and pilgrimages, 444, 445.
Harems, Moghul, description of, 260.
Harún al Rashid, history, 18, note.
Hasan Gangu, founder of the Bahmani
empire in the Dekhan, origin and char-
acter, 84, note; a Shíah, 87; ingrati-
tude, 88, note.
Hawkins, Capt., xii; comes out in the

'Hector," 198; goes to the Moghul
court, ib.; failure of his embassy, 199;
his account of Jehangir, 199, 201, note.
Hayasala Belál Rai, Raja of the Karnata
country, 561; supports Brahmans and
Jains, 561.

Herbert, Sir Thomas, xii.

Hindu, sovereigns, 91; fanatics headed
by a woman, 366; destruction of idols
and pagodas by Aurangzeb, 373;
dynasties, 411, note; last empire, 415;
purity, 442; worship, 453-494; women,
arithmetic, local art, 486.
Hindus, the, and Islamism, 2, 4; their
characteristics, 28, 29; conciliate their
conquerors, 40; their fitful character,
34, note; revolt in Delhi, 69; in-
fluences on their Mussulman rulers,
79; power of abuse, 90, note; relations
with the English, 515.
Hindustan, conquered by the Mussul-
mans, 49.

Horses in India, 461.
Hospitals for animals, 429.

Humayun, son of Báber, his character

and proclivities, 131; flattered and
gulled, 132; defeat and exile, 132, 133;
recovery of kingdom and accidental
death, 135.

Humayun, the cruel, 105, 106.

Husain Ali Khan, the Sayyid, supports

Ibrahim Lodi, the Afghan Sultan, meets
Báber, and is slain, 129, 130.
Ibrahim, the Sunní, 111, 112; at Vija-
yanagar, 114.

Ikkeri, the capital of Kanara, 448-455.
Imáms, the twelve, 152, note; Akber
declared the twelfth, 161.

India, Mussulman, its history, ix, x, 4;
four epochs, 24-27; dynasties, 25,
note; a blank in the history, 40; two
kingdoms, 45; the government of, 76,
77; temptations to rebellion, 77, 78;
dismemberment, 141.

India, its conquerors fair-complexioned,
147, note; religion in 16th century,
153, 154; under Shah Jehan, 256,
note; in Moghul times, 514.
Inheritance, law of, in Malabar, 450, 451.
Inquisition at Goa, 505.

Islam, and Brahmanism, 1-3, 17; its
specialties, 8; decay of, in India, 140,
141, 152; millennium, 151, 153.
Ismail Adil Shah, 109; intrigues at his
court, ib.; assassination of his mini-
ster, 110; his mother, ib.

Jagat Seit, the banker, 530; affront to
his bride, 536.

Jaghír lands, 178, 316.
Jaghírdars, tyranny, 316.

Jai Chand, Raja of Kanouj, his defeat
and death, 41, 42, note.

Jai Singh, Raja of Jaipur, at Delhi,
339; his caution, 339, 340; negotiates
with Sivaji, 354; death, 374.
Jains, their moral system, 412, 413;
Buddhism at bottom, 412; early con-
flicts with the Bráhmans, 554; in
the Dekhan, 558; prevalence of, 562;
fidelity to their religion, ib. ; persecu-
tion, 563, note.

Jaipál, Raja of Jaipur, treachery and
defeat, 22, 23; defeat by Mahmud,
32: perishes in the flames, ib.
Jamál-ud-dín, viceroy of Bihár, his
civilities to Sir Thomas Roe, 215, 216,
note.

Jangamas, Lingayat friars, 450; ordina-
tion of one, 453; procession and danc-
ing, 454; kissing their feet, ib.
Jaswant Singh, Raja of Jodhpur, his de-
feat on the Ujain river, 291, 292; his
movement to release Shah Jehan, 308;
plunders Agra, 309; suspected, 335,
336; his apology, 337; related to Shahi
Jehan, 342, note; his widow, 378;
plots with Akbar, 378.

Jehander Shah, his vices, 395; odium in
which he was held, 396; his cowardice,
ib.; taken and executed, 397.
Jehangir, son of Akber, a contrast to his
father, 191; character, 192; revolt
against his father, 192, note; outward
life, 193; his coarseness and that of his
court, 193, note; revolt of his eldest
son, Khuzru, its suppression, 194, 195;
cruelty, 194, note; countenances Chris-
tianity, 195; his hypocrisy and de-
pravity, ib.; workings of the English
element, 197; took a fancy to Haw-
kins, 198; Hawkins dismissed and
English trade forbidden, 199; Haw-
kins' account of him, 199, note, 200;
expensiveness, 200; at Ajmir, 200,
201; Hawkins' description of him,
201, note; marries Núr Mahal, 202;
her influence, 203; his sons, ib.;
audience to Sir Thomas Roe, 208, 209,
note; his childish conduct, 210; holds
the feast of the New Year, 211; de-
clines a treaty with the English, 213;
love of gossip, 214; execution of
thieves, 215; birthday weighing cere-
mony, 217; elephant show, ib.; car-
ouse and largess at the Ghusal-khana,
217, 218; viceroy disgraced, 218; in-
trigues, 219; weakness and treachery,
220; receives presents from Persia,
221; avenges the execution of an order
when he was drunk, 222; at the Jhar-
okha window, ib. ; in the Durbar, 223;
state departure, ib. ; royal dress, 224;
procession to camp, ib.; Khuzru rides
by his side, 226; imperial pavilions
and camp, 226, 227; camp life, 228;
camp movements, 229; meanness, 230;
the English presents, 230, 231; his
confessions, 235; reign ends in tragedy,
237, 239; sickness and recovery, 239
plot discovered and indignation, 241;
the plotter forgiven, 242; Rajpút re-
volt, 243-246; death, 247.
Jelál-ud-dín, Sultan, at Delhi, 51;
assassinated, 55.

;

Jesuits in Goa, 434; celebration of the
canonisation of their patron saints,
436, 437.

Jews and Christians pay jezya, 10.
Jezya, revived, 373, 374; Hindu ap-
peal against it in vain, 374; refused
by Rana of Udaipur, 375.
Jharokha, the, 177.

Joonere, the fortress of, 370; Nawab, 501.
Justice, civil and criminal, 477.
Kábul, Moghul invasion, 362; outbreak
in, 366.

Kai Kubád, reign of, 48.
Kaiumárs, 552.

Kajwa, battle of, its significance, 308.
Kálidása, his fame and fate, 560.
Kallans, the, or Kalars, 575, note.
Kámrúp, the bridge at, its ruins, 47,
note; the Raja of, 47.

Karra, fortress, 51.

Karwar, Mahratta oppression at, 504.
Kashmir, Purchas' description of, 184,
note.

Kasim, the Arab, his conquest in Scinde,

16, 17; falsely accused and slain, 17.
Kasim Khan corresponds with Aurang-
zeb, 291; treachery, 292; governor
of Kábul, massacres the Afghans, 368;
reception at Delhi, 369.

Kázís, their business, 422; the chief,
315, note.

Khaibar Pass, massacre of Moghul army
at, 363.

Khalifs, the four, of Medina, 9, note, 10;
conquest of Syria and Persia, 10;
treatment of Jews and Christians, ib.,
11; causes of ascendancy, 12; of Da-
mascus, conquest of Central Asia, 13;
conquest of Bokhara and Kábul, 14,
15; conquest of Scinde, 16; persecu-
tion and toleration, 16, 17; of Bag-
dad, the first century of their domina-
tion, 18; collapse, 19.

Khalil Khan, wronged by Shah Jehan,
293; perfidy, 295, 296; recommended
by Aurangzeb, 297.
Khálisa lands, 178, 316.
Khálsa, the, 394.

Khan Jehan, intrigues, 253; treachery
and rebellion, 254; slain, 255.
Khan Khanán, the, and the dress, 219;
treachery, 238, 242, 244.

Khilji Sultans, the, their history, 50-69.
Khurram, afterwards Shah Jehan, his
character, connections, and exploits,
203; hustles away Roe's interpreter
at the court, 213; set against an
English treaty, 214; receives a com-
mand in the Dekhan, ib.; sobriety,
218; Núr Mahal and Asof Khan plot
in his behalf, 219; panic in the harem,
220; dispositions, hatred of Christians,
221; takes leave of his father, 222;
Roe's interview with, 228; intercepts
the English presents, 230; his triumphs
in the Dekhan, 231; welcomed by
Jehangir and receives the title of
Shah, ib. (See Shah Jehan.)
Khutba, the, 43, note, 55.
Khuzru, son of Jehangir, his revolt, 194;
hopes, 203; intrigues against, 219,
220; appearance, 225; mystery and
romance, 232, 237; murder, 239.
Khuzru Khan, the Hindu Vizier, 67,
note; doings and death, 68, note;
strange character of his revolt, 68.
Koh-i-nor, its history, 351, note.
Kolies (or Coolies), wandering, 474, note.
Konkan, its history, 333, 335; extension
of the kingdom of Sivaji, 369.
Konkana, the Rajas of, 105.
Kótwals, the, their duties as police,
271, 422, 477, 478.

Krishna Deva Rai, of Vijayanagar, a type
of Hindu sovereignty, 91; revenges

an affront. 92; has to yield, 94; great-
ness, 95, 96; forefathers, 96; his char-
acter and reign, 567, 568.

Kroris, the, 179.

Kulbarga, 89; Sultan of, 96.
Kumára Krishnappa Naik, fabulous and
real account of, 574, 575, notes.
Kutb-ud-din, his rise, 42; founds the
Delhi dynasty of Slave Kings, 43;
death, 47.

Lahore, Hindu Rajas of, 184.
Land-tenure among Moghuls, 178.
Langhorn, Sir William, his troubles in

Madras, 490; his jurisdiction and
state attendance, 492.

Language, the primitive, Akber's ex-
periment, 174, note.

Legends, Hindu, a reflex of religious
antagonisms, 414.

Lingavants, the, 442, note.

Loyola, Ignatius, canonisation of, cele-
brated at Goa, 436.

Lucia, Donna, 424; her matrimonial
adventures, 425.

Madras, its site, 488; originally a fishing
village, 489; its fishermen, ib.;
English factory, ib. ; its divisions,
ib.; rent and revenue, ib., 450; dur-
ing the civil war of Charles I., 490;
its governor and his dilemma, ib.;
the surf, 491; White-town, 492;
Black-town, 493; native population,
ib.; country round, ib.

Madura, 63; early history, disturbances

in, 569, note; army and finances,
578.

Mahá Bhárata, its heroes, 556, note.
Mahabat Khan, the Rajpút, 238, note;
defeats Shah Jehan, 243; appeal, in-
sult, revenge, 245; deluded, 246; joins
Shah Jehan, 247.

Mahábat Khan, the Moghul, removed
from his post, 328; his letter, 328,
note; at Peshawar, 363; sent back
and dies, 367.

Mahal, the harem of the Moghuls,its occu-

pants, 260; guard of Tartar women,
ib.; the ladies, 260, 261; dancing and
slave girls, 261; ruling powers, their
influence, ib.; Shah Jehan in, 266,
note.

Mahdi, the Lord of the period, expected
at the millennium, 152, 153.
Mahmud, the last of the Bahmani
Sultans, 106, 107, note.
Mahmud of Ghazní, his position and
plans, 30, note, 31; advances on Pesha-
war and defeats Jaipál, 31, 32; An-
andpál submits and rebels, 32; hated
for his religious zeal, 33; victory at
Peshawar, ib.; destroys the temple of
Thanesar and annexes the Punjab, 34;
his invasions of Hindustan, ib.; stra-
tegy, 34, note; sacks Ajmir, 36; before
Somnath, ib.; defeats the Rajputs
and seizes the temple and its treasures,

37; returns to Guzerat, 38, note; Raj-
pút revenge, ib.; character and poli-
tical ideas, 39; meanness to Firdusi,
38; death, 40.

Mahmud, son of Aurangzeb, refuses the
crown, 300; disgraced, 310; defection,
ib.; imprisoned at Gwalior, ib.
Mahrattas, their country, 52; rise of,
332; described, 371; irrepressible, 383;
plots, 384; night at Delhi, 404; the
pests of India, 406; at first a loose con-
federation, 407; new outbreak, 409;
at Surat, 499; movements towards
Burdwan, 544; can only be bought off,
544, 545; invest Murshedabad, 545;
devastations, ib.; treacherous mas-
sacre of, 546; Parthian retreat, 547;
twofold invasion of Bengal, ib.
Malabar coast, its population, 463;
pirates, 495; expedition against, 584.
Malik Amber, the famous Abyssinian
minister of Ahmadnagar, 204, 231.
Malik Káfúr, origin, 56; defeats the
Rajas, 62; doings in the Dekhan, 63;
ambition, crimes, and death, 65, 66.
Malik Salih, the tutor of Aurangzeb, his
pension withdrawn, 329.

Mallu, the monster, 111.
Malwa, situation, 53, note; plundered,
139.

Manaris, the, 471; the four tribes of
oxen-drivers, 471, 472; religion, 472.
Mandelslo, John Albert de, xii; his tra-
vels, 267; his character, 267, note;
at Surat, 267; journey to Ahmada-
bad, 268; visits Areb Khan, 269; at
Agra, ib.; describes the administra-
tion, 271; leaves India, 273; after
travels, 273, note.

Mangamal, a typical Hindu queen, 583,
note; amour and death, 584.
Manouchi, his memoirs, xii, xiii; ac-
count of Tímúr, 127, note; on the
peasant wars, 236; warns the Portu-
guese viceroy against Aurangzeb, 385;
rewarded, 386.

Mán Singh, the Rajpút, his administra-
tion in Kábul and Bengal, 166, 167.
Marriage of Rajpút with Mussulman,
143, 144; Akber's state alliances, 144,
note; religious difficulties in India,
196, 197; of a Bráhman's daughter
with a goldsmith's son, 566.
Marsden's "Numismata Orientalia," 49,
note.

Masulipatam, factory at, 481; native
boatmen, ib.; English-speaking na-
tives, 482; the Sultan, ib.; descrip-
tion, 483; inhabitants, ib.; Muham-
madan ascendancy, 484; Persians, 485;
festival occasions, 485, 486; Muham-
madans and Hindus, 486; calico-
painting, ib.; terror at the English,
487; toleration, 488.
Mathura, encampment at, 301; temple
at, 373.

.

Mecca and the Kaaba, 6.
Metempsychosis, an Oriental doctrine
common to Bráhmans and Buddhists,
413.

Middleton, Sir H., 205.

Millennarians in Islam, 152, 153.
Mínákshi Ammál, queen of the last Naik
of Madura, 585.
Ministers, Asiatic, 176.

Mir Jafir, Dewan of Bengal, 524;
defeats a plot against his life, 525;
created Nawab, 526; treatment of
Zemindars and despotic rule, ib.;
praised for his religious zeal, ib. ; corn
laws, 527; respect for royalty, ib.;
mausoleum and mosque built by de-
molition of Hindu pagodas, ib.; his
daughter, 528; his death, ib.
Mirza Bakir in Cuttack, 542; marched
against and defeated, 543.
Moghul period, x; administration, xi;
history, xii; Vedic customs, xv; an-
tagonism to the Turk, ib.; empire a
type of the old Hindu empires, 120;
priests and astrologers, 124, note; em-
perors, 136, note; empire, 137, 145,
189; the term, 147, note; army, 146,
note, 148, 272: government, 175; wars,
236; the Great, Mr. Terry on, 421,
422; rule in India, 521; in Bengal,

523.

Moghuls, the, xiv; in the Punjab, phy-
sical appearance, 60; dubious Mussul-
mans, 120, 121; three epochs, 121;
character of, 122, 123; histories of,
122, note; religion and civilisation of,
123; women among, 123; gravitations
towards Islam, Christianity, and Bud-
dhism, 124, 125; toleration, 125;
Turkish, ib.; nominal Mussulmans,
129; occupation of Delhi, 130; no-
bility, 145; military administration,
146, note; aristocracy, 146, 147; in
the Dekhan, 332; the princesses, 341;
exclude European settlers, 348; rivalry
between, and Persia, 352; their em-
perors, 360; empire of, in peril, 367;
described, 371; in the Dekhan, 372;
four armies, 376; magnificence, 381;
the last of, 390; massacre the Sikhs,
402; outrage at Surat, 465; fear of the
sea, 499; employ European passes,
509, note; generals, 510.
Money, coinage of, an assertion of sove-
reignty, 43, note; distribution of, an
atonement for murder, 55.
Moon, new, celebration, 452, 453.
Mosque, Mussulman, 3, note; the hea-
venly bride, 39.

Moustachios, edict to keep them short,
324.

Mubarak, proclaimed Sultan, 66; marries
Dewal Devi, 66; profligate reign, 66;
murder by Khuzru Khan, 67, note.
Mufti, the, 315, note.

Muhammad, the prophet, birthplace,

Muhammad Riza Beg, the Persian am-

bassador, state arrival at the court of
Jehangir, 221, 222; departs in disgust,
230.

Muhammad Shah, Moghul emperor, his

troubled reign, 405-409; death, 410.
Muhammad Shah, the Bahmani Sultan,
quarrel respecting frontier fortresses,
89, 90; and Vinaik Deva, 90; wreaks
his revenge on Telegu people, ib. ;
throne of gold, 91, note; insults Kri-
shna Rai, 92; massacre of Hindus,
93; exultation, 94, note; protest of
the Hindu envoys, ib.; slaughter of
highwaymen, ib.; death, 94; succes-
sors, 94, 95.

Muhammad Tughlak, Sultan of Delhi,
his character, 70; straits, ib. : impolicy,
71;
makes Deoghur capital, ib.; re-
turns to Delhi, 72: substitutes a
copper coinage for a gold, ib.; attempts
the conquest of China, Persia, and
Tartary, 73; sees his kingdom fall in
pieces, loses heart and dies, 73, 74;
early expedition in the Dekhan, 82,
83.

Muharram, festival of, 85, note.
Mujahid, the Bahmani Sultan, his
strength and violence, 95; death, 96.
Mukarrab Khan, viceroy of Guzerat,

his opposition to the English, 199.
Mumtaz Mahal, the favourite wife of
Shah Jehan, 203, note; her hatred
against Christians, 252; her tomb in
the Taj Mahal, 262.

Murád, son of Akber, at Ahmadnagar,
183; dies of a debauch, 185.
Murad, son of Shah Jehan, the lax
Sunní, 280, 281; delusion of, 301; pro-
mised the crown by Aurangzeb, 301;
eve of coronation, 302; drunkenness
and sudden arrest, 303; a prisoner for
life, 304; accused of murder, found
guilty, and sentenced to death, 315.
Music abolished by Aurangzeb, 324, 325.
Musicians, their appeal, 325, note.
Mussulmans, their appearance in India,
1; collision with the Hindu and effect
of it, 2; hostile to Brahmanism, 3;
specialties of Islam, 3, 8; importance
of their history, 4, 5; conquest of
India, 5; toleration, 11; conversions,
ib.; hold on India, 24; west of the
Indus, 30; established in the Punjab,