AUTHOR OF CRITICAL RESEARCHES IN GEOGRAPHY, EDITOR OF ROLLIN'S ANCIENT HISTORY,

&e. &c.

ILLUSTRATED BY A COMPLETE SERIES OF MAPS, AND
OTHER ENGRAVINGS.

A. FULLARTON AND CO., 34, HUTCHESON STREET;
AND 6, ROXBURGH PLACE, EdinburgH:

W. CURRY, JUN., & CO., DUBLIN: SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL,
AND ORR AND SMITH, LONDON.

MDCCCXXXVI.

G115
B4

164

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FULLARTON AND CO., PRINTERS, VILLAFIELD.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME FOURTH.

ASIA.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. — Names - Boundaries,
1-Extent and Superficies-Great Central Pla-
teau, 2-Mountains and Basins of Northern
Asia-Mountains and Basins of Eastern Asia, 5
-Mountains and Basins of Southern Asia, 6-
Mountains and Basins of Western Asia-The Al-
tai Mountains,8-Volcanoes-Synoptic Table of
Mountains, 9-Steppes, 10-Seas-The Arctic
Ocean, 11-The Pacific Ocean-The Indian
Ocean, 13-The Mediterranean-The Euxine
-Inland Seas and Lakes-The Aral-The Cas-
pian, 14 Rivers, 17-Climate, 19-Produc-
tions-Animal Kingdom, 20-Vegetable King-
dom-Mineral Kingdom, 21-Population, 22-
Tribes according to Colour-Tribes according
to Blumenbach's Classification, 23-General
Summary-Languages-Religions, 26-State
of Civilization, 27-Progressive Geography, 28
-Alexander's Discoveries-Egyptian and Sy.
rian Discoveries, 29-Knowledge of the Greeks
and Romans, 30-Knowledge of the Middle
Ages-Vasco de Gama and Columbus, 31-
Modern Discoveries, 32-Travellers in the In-
terior-Natural Divisions, 33.

ASIATIC RUSSIA.

CHAP. IV. THE KINGDOM OF KASAN-Government of
Kasan-Government of Wiatka, 65-Govern-
ment of Perm-Government of Simbirsk, 66-
Government of Pesan, 67.

CHAP. V. KINGDOM OF ASTRAKHAN-Government of
Astrakhan-Government of Saratof, 67-Pro-

vince of Caucasus-Province of Orenburg, 68. CHAP. VI, THE KINGDOM OF SIBERIA-Government of Tobolsk-Circle and Town of Tobolsk, 69District of Ischim-Circle of Kurgan-Tartar Inhabitants, 70-Government of TomskTown of Tomsk-Circle of Biisk and Chinese Frontier, 71-Province of Irkoutsk-Government of Irkoutsk-Vershni-Udinsk and Selenginsk, 72-Nertchinsk-Kiakhta-District of Okhotsk, 73-Country of the TschuktschesCountry of the Koriaks-Peninsula of Kamtschatka, 74-Islands in the Eastern Sea, 75. CHAP. VII. THE CAUCASIAN DISTRICTS, 76-I. Province of Georgia-Boundaries-Name-History, 80-Divisions-Physical Features-ClimateProductions, 83-Inhabitants-Trade and Commerce-Circle of Teflis, 84-II. The Province of Imeritia-Boundaries-Physical Features and Productions-Inhabitants-Guriel-Mingrelia, 85-The Suanes-III. The Country of the Abassians-Boundaries-Physical Features-Inhabitants, 86-IV. Circassia-BoundariesPhysical Features-Productions-Inhabitants, 87-Lesghians-Ossetinians - V. Province of Daghistan-Boundaries, 88-Physical Features -Climate and Productions-Population and Territorial Divisions.-VI. Province of Shirwan-Boundaries-Physical Features, 89-Inhabitants-District of Baku-Khanate of Shirwan-Khanate of Scheki-The state of Dschar -The Khanate Carabagh, 90-Talischin-VII. The Province of Aran, 91-Authorities, 92.

ASIATIC TURKEY.

Boundaries-Extent, 93-Divisions, 94.
I. ASIA MINOR-Name - Boundaries and Extent,
94-Political Divisions, 95.

Boundaries, 36-Superficial Extent-Caucasian System, 37-Name-Historical Notice, 38Basins-Western Caucasus-Central Caucasus, 39-Eastern Caucasus-Geology and Scenery, 40-Productions-Caucasian Tribes, 41-Uralian Mountains, 42-The Little AltaiThe Baikalian Mountains-The Daourian Chains-Mountains of Kamtschatka-M. Humboldt's Observations, 43-Steppes, 44-Rivers— The Kara-The Obi, 45-The Yenisei-The Lena-The Omoloi, Kolyma, &c.-Rivers of the Southern Ocean, 46-Rivers of the Black Sea-Lakes-The Baikal, 47-Lakes of Wes. tern Siberia-Salt Lakes, 48. CHAP. IL CLIMATE-PRODUCTIONS-MANUFACTURES, AND COMMERCE-Climate-Diseases, 49-Productions-Animal Kingdom, 50-Vegetable Kingdom, 51-Mineral Kingdom-MinesManufactures, 52-Commerce, 53-Comparative Table-Monies, 57. CHAP. III. POPULATION AND TRIBES-Tribes and Nations-1st, The Slavonian Tribes--2d, Caucasian Tribes-3d, Tatarian Tribes, 58-4th, Mongols-5th, Mandshurs, 59-6th, Fins,60-7th, Samoides-The Yakouts, 61-8th, The Koriaks-9th, The Kamtschadalians-General CHAP. IV. CITIES AND TOPOGRAPHY-TrebisondSummary-Foreigners, 61.

CHAP. I. PHYSICAL FEATURES-Face of the Country
-Rivers-The Halys,99-The Iris-The Fatsa,
&c. 100-Mountains, Plains, and Valleys, 102—
Olympus, 104-Taurus, 105-Antitaurus, 106-
Scydisses-The Argi-Dagh, 107-Lakes, 109.
CHAP. II. CLIMATE AND PRODUCTIONS-Climate-
Mineral Productions, 109-Vegetable Produc.
tions, 110-Soil, &c. 112-Zoology, 113-Com-
merce and Manufactures, 114.
CHAP. III. POPULATION AND TRIBES, 115.

Amasia, 116-Tocat-Sivas, &c. 117-Scutari,