وکون چقمش ایدم چایره زمان اومه کل زیرا شهره كلمكم كرك در. بو ادم اومد کلوب چاغرمقه بشلدی. كلوب اتلرمى بوله بلردم. شهره کلوب کیر همزز و فی الحال اوکه کیتدم چاغرلمیان یرده كويك وان چوق بلن ادم چوق سویلمز بو ادمه دیمشم اگر بو يوك سكا ایله كمسه خلقك دلندن خلاص اولمز کیم بری افرایسه بكا خبر دیر کیم اکاری دیر POST-POSITIONS. The particle supplying the place of the preposition in English follows the words governed by them in the Turkish language. ɔɔ deh and ♪ dan, used in forming the locative and ablative cases, are examples of them. Those most commonly in use are— اول (11) J, evvel, before. .dek, as far as دك (5) (7) (9), sonra, after. (10) beru, since. Of these, the first four govern the nominative, but the first three may take the genitive, those following them from (5) to (8) take the dative, the last three take the ablative. illeh is used to denote the instrument with which an act ايله kalem illeh yazdem, I wrote with a pen. is performed: evema gilin, near اومه یقین benden sonra, after me بندن صکره my house. تا يارييه دك : dek دك ta often precedes the word followed by تا the This ta yariyeh dek, as much as a half. Though without the meaning would be the same. -is, in fact, a Persian preposi تا The . دك tion with the same meaning as .babam itchun, on account of my father بابام ایچون gurmek itchun, in كورمك ايچون .sudden itchen, from having spoken سويلك يچون ; order to see particle also goes with verbs: The following particles are of the same class as the above, but they can take pronominal affixes, and are then declinable : .ara, among ارا .alt, under ارت .itchery, in ایچرو .ard, behind ارد .ilery, before ایلرو اوك ایچروسنة كيرمك ;aramizdan, from among us ارامزدن .Ex even itcherusineh germek, to go in the house. A few foreign prepositions are in use:— jaz, from. ba, with. .beh, in به .by, without بی بو شهرده بر 1 دانا 2 پیر وارایدی و TALE III. انك بر 7 اشکی وارایدی دایمه ایدردی که بو بنم اشکم شاهك وزير لرندن و عاقلدر دیردی بر کون بو خبر شاهك " قولاغنه " ایرشدی پس شاه اول پیری حاضر قلدردی و دیدی نیچون بو مالایعنی سوزی سویلرسن پیر دیدی ای شاه بو سوزك اگر شاه 12 قاقمزایسه معنیسی وار مالایعنی دکلدر غایت تجربهم واردر اگر شاه 12 اشکمه شاه 14 ایت دیدی پیرایتدی ای شاه بر کون بن اول 1 بنوب بر کوپریدن کچردم 7 ناگاه ایاغی بر دلوکه کچدی سرنکون 13 19 دیدیم يقلدى 20 هزار 21 11 18 19 2 باركة كبة اول کوپری دن کچر دلکه 25 یقین وارمیوب 20 ایراقدن کچر ای شاه سنك کیمینی وزيرلرك هر زمان 27 طوتوب 2 مالنى الورسن 20 عزل 20 ایدرسن بنم اشکم بركز دوشمکده قورقمیوب کنه کچر اولدررسن اما Many substantives and adjectives are used as adverbs :— کیچه Ex. boogoon, to-day. getcheh, by night. بوكون Adverbs may be formed by the addition of jaz, little. dje to nouns : keupekdjeh, like a dog; \ adamdjeh, after the manner They may be formed, too, by the addition of xil aneh; of a man. dastaneh, in a friendly way. They are also formed by دوستانه as .dustaneh, the use of some of the post-positions, Lilleh, dan, etc.; as, VOCABULARY. .birdan, once بردن ,hiran, astonishment حیران ,nalel etmek, to relate نقل ايتمك دلی کبی سویلر اما عقللو کبی ایدر دو سوزلری سویلدی تا بلهسن كه اوغلانك عقلسز در بنم او علائم یوقدر که بندن صکره وارثم اوله چون آتی دورت پاشنه دكدى اك ايو اولدی هر کم کورایسه حیران اولدی اما اوچ يلدن صکره اولدی بر كشينك برقيون سوريسى اولسه اندن بر قره اولسه اول سوریده جميع قیونلر قره اولورمی يوخسه اولمزمی هر شهرده او یا پمقه بشلدی بن اکا نیچون بویله سنك ايلرو كيتمهك ايچون سکا نقل ایده جکم. ایدرسز صوردم. EXERCISE XIII. دوغرو سویله هیچ سن بو اتده نقدر لیره استرسن اگر اسلامه كيرر اسلامك مسلمينه اصلا بر منفعتی یوق در و خریستیانلره بر مضرتی یوقدر بر یوز غروشك صره سي المدن دوشدی سن كيمسك. سن بنم خدمتکارمسن کمسیه بو چچکی کوستر مدیکمی سویله بقهلم بن سز بش لیرا ایل کرا .طوتدم EXERCISE I. A rich man. Good men. A fat goose. Idle boys. A big boy. A little girl. The city is large. This barley is bad. is cold. The shop is far. The woman is ill. Iron is hard. The good man is just. Rich men are idle. The plate is clean. This grass is green. The knife and the glass are black. The goose and the hare are white. The head of the horse is pretty. This man's cow is sick. The man and the boy are in the house. knife is in the chest. The village is far from the city. of this village are little. EXERCISE II. The boy's The shops This ass This soup is cold. A very goose is bigger than a hen. is very large and the horse is small. The fish's head is larger than the plate. The city is larger than the village. This city is very pretty. This knife is the very best. This girl saw a red box. The man gave the boys a black box. This man saw a white fish. The cow of the man is in the village. 6 TALE I. One day some village Turks went to the market town. When they got near their village on their return they became hungry, and ate some bread and onion. Now the onion was very strong, and made the Turks' eyes water. Now the little boys came to meet their fathers, and they saw that from their eyes tears were flowing. They are weeping because some one is dead,' they thought; and without asking for news, they ran off, and coming to the village, 'Somebody is dead, our fathers are coming in tears,' they said. The women on this, coming out of their houses, made lamentation, and went to meet their weeping husbands. When the Turks saw them in this state they too thought that some one was dead, and began to weep; and as many peasants as there were, collected in the village, and raised a mourning such as it is impossible to describe. At length the fathers of families meeting together, saying to one another, 'It is the will of God, we must bear it patiently,' became calm. The Turks who came from the market, asked, 'Who is dead in the village?' They replied, Thank God, in the village no one is dead;' but in the city, who is dead?' They too reply, 'No one is dead.' They enquired, and they discovered that the whole happened through their belief in the words of the boys. Who is this? EXERCISE III. It is my sister. Where is the boy's father? He is in my house. The Englishman gave my book to his wife. Your shop is large. The window of your shop is fine. This man took my box. Where is he? He is in the city. Your horses are very larger than their asses. good. Our horses are Who has come? Whose house is this? He gave it to me box. Your father gave me this. It is the man whom he saw. Who has come? Our brother has come from the village. The road from my house is bad. No one has come. A man gave me the other books. Is everything ready? EXERCISE IV. Have you a sister? Have you hope? in this city? What book is this? How many men are there To whom did he give it? Have you a little bread? How many legs has a horse? Your dog has four legs. My books are in the other room. here yours? Are these horses This is my horse, is it not a large one? How much is this fish? Some one has come from the city. Whoever is in the house is idle. A little water is better than a great deal. The flesh of this goose is very dark. He gave this other he gave a book. Are the horses ready? ready, but your horses are in the village. than a fowl to-morrow. boy a knife, the My horses are An egg to-day is better EXERCISE V. Fourteen boys and twenty-five girls. How many dogs have you? how many toes have you? I have six dogs. On each of your feet |