A.D.

Acts 15. 23.

Gal. 2. 11-14.

53. [51.]

Acts 15. 36.
Acts 16. 1.

[33.]

34.

6.

Gal. 4. 13-15.

HISTORICAL EPITOME OF THE HOLY BIBLE.

of their obligations to keep the Law), and against the immorality of the age (ep. 1 Cor. 5. 9%. The inspired teachers (prophets') Judas Barsabas and Silas (the Silvanus of the Epistles), bear- i ing letters to this effect, accompany Barnabas and Paul to Antioch and work there; Judas returns. Later, at Antioch, Peter and even Barnabas surrender this Christian liberty to Pharisac emissaries from Jerusalem, whom Paul resists, openly rebuking Peter.

Second Missionary Journey of St. Paul (with Silas and Timothy).

Paul and Barnabas proposing to revisit the converts of their 1st journey disagree about taking
Mark. Barnabas and Mark revisit CYPRUS; Paul and Silas, SYRIA and CILICIA.

Passing through DERBE, Paul finds at LYSTRA Timothy, a convert in high repute, and
desiring to satisfy the Jewish converts as to his scrupulous observance of Moses Law, circan-
cises Timothy, because a Jew on the mother's side, before taking him as evangelist (2 Tim. 4. 1
They deliver the council's letters (ch. 15. 23). After founding churches yet further N. in PHRYGIA
and GALATIA, where the mixed and emotional people received him as an angel of God"
(Paul is detained here by sickness), they pass through Mysia to ALEXANDRIA TROAS. Here
Luke joins them (we', v. 10). The Holy Spirit which had forbidden him to preach in procon-
sular Asia (1) i.e. Mysia, Caria, Lydia, or to enter Bithynia, summons Paul into Europe.
After a rapid passage by the Id. of SAMOTHRACE to NEAPOLIS, Paul reaches FHILIPPI,
a Roman colonia (2) in Macedonia, and becomes the guest of Lydia, a Thyatiran purple seller, a
proselyte converted by his preaching. Paul casts an oracular spirit out of a slave-girl. Her
owners accusing Paul and Silas of treasonable religious innovations, the magistrates scOUTLE
and imprison them. While praying and singing at night, they are set free during an earthquake,
save and baptize the governor of the prison, and are cared for by him. Next day, after swert-
35-39. ing their Roman citizenship and demanding public reparation, they are invited to depart
Luke apparently remains in Philippi (until Acts 20. 6, 'ce ).

Acts 16. 11.

16. 22.

25.

Acts 17. 1.

1 Thess. 2. 9.
Phil. 4. 15, 16.
Acts 17. 5.

16.

Acts 18. 1.

5.

56.

18.

Jos. Ant. 20.7.

Acts 18. 24-28.

Acts 18. 23.
Acts 19. 1.

9.

1 Cor. 16. 9.

Acts 19, 13.

21. Rom. 1. 13.

Paul and Silas pass by the Via Egnatia (the overland thoroughfare between E. and W.; through AMPHIPOLIS and APOLLONIA to THESSALONICA Saloniki), capital of Maredonia, where many Jews, proselytes, and women of position are converted. Paul works for his living-every Jew was taught a trade-and the Philippian church sends l'aul aid. But the Jews rouse the populace against them as asserters of Christ's Kingship, and follow them to BEBCA, whither they escape by night. The Beroans shew a noble spirit of enquiry. But the Thelonian Jews excite the populace against Paul, and he goes to ATHENS by sea. Sins and Timothy stay: while awaiting them, Paul declares to the Athenians their Unknown God, converting Dionysius the Areopagite and others.

Passing to CORINTH (3), Paul lodges and works at tent-making with Aquila and Priscila Jews exiled from Rome by Claudius' decree. Again the Philippians aid him (2 Cor. 11.5; Phil. 4. 15, 16). Silas and Timothy bring Paul news of the Macedonian churches ; after a vain appeal to the Jews, Paul leaves the synagogue and preaches henceforward to the Gentiles in the adjacent house of a proselyte, Justus, with great results. Encouraged by a special revelation, he stays 18 months, and meanwhile writes his 1st and 2nd Epistles to the Thessalan,

The Corinthian Jews accuse Paul of heresy before Gallio, the new pro-consul, who (mlike 1 Pilate) refuses to interfere; they thus indirectly strengthen Paul's position. 'A good willle "after, Paul sails with Silas and Timothy for EPHESUS, where Aquila and Priscilla stop. Pani hastens by CESAREA to JERUSALEM for Pentecost, and returns to ANTIOCH. NERO Emperor. Zealots and Sicarii (see Jewish Sects) infest Judea. Felix uses them (4), but disperses 4000 Sicarii under an Egyptian (Acts 21.38), a self-styled prophet and miracie wurker. Apollos, an eloquent and learned Alexandrian Jew, a disciple of John the Baptist and a fervent missionary, arrives at Ephesus. Aquila and Priscilla instruct him further in Christianity (cp. ch. 19. 2-6.), and the Ephesian recommends him to the Corinthian church, where he wauz the seed planted by Paul, proving the Messiahship of Jesus from the Old Testament.

Third Missionary Journey of St. Paul.

Meanwhile, Paul again revisits PHRYGIA and GALATIA (upper coasts, i.e. E. tablelands of the interior). At EPHESUS he instructs 12 disciples of John, on whom the Holy Ghost descetus after baptism in Jesus' name. After 3 months, opposition forces him to leave the syrar que for Tyrannus' school; but during 2 years, God attests Paul's mission by extraordinary miracles, esp. by an evil spirit's confession; and the practisers of magic publicly confess and burn their bocks, During Paul's stay at Ephesus he pays a visit to Corinth, unrecorded in Acts (2 Cor. 13. IN where he found much that was painful (2 Cor. 2. 1), and was compelled to deal sternly with transgressors (2 Cor. 13. 2, read, as when I was present the second time), but was humbled an i made to mourn (2 Cor. 12. 21). Returning to Ephesus, (?) he addresses a letter to the Corint ians (now lost), warning them not to keep company with fornicators (1 Cor. 5. 9). Apollos returns from Corinth to Ephesus at some time during the apostle's stay (1 Cor. 16, 121

Paul intending to pass through Macedonia and Achaia to Jerusalem, and thence visit Rown, the Gentile metropolis, sends into Macedonia Timothy and Erastus; Timothy to visit Corinth also if 15. 23-8. possible (Apollos declining, 1 Cor. 16. 10-12), and to recall Paul's teaching. Members of the house of Chloe arrive in Ephesus with intelligence from Corinth, while other messengers (Step-hanas, st.) bring a letter of enquiry from the Corinthian church, and take back the 1st Epistle to the Corinth, ans, in which Paul rebukes their party spirit (ch. 1. 11, 12), tolerance of sin (ch. 5), strifes and quarrels (ch. 6), abuses in celebrating the Lord's Supper (ch. 11), doubts as to the resurrection (rà. Î'i, and answers seriatim the questions they had proposed (ch. 7. 1, &c.); he bids them collect for the saints at Jerusalem, and states his plans (ch. 16. 1-9);-Titus is sent to learn its result. Meanwhile, Demetrius, maker of silver models of the world-renowned temple of Diana (alleging Paul's successful attacks on idolatry), causes the Ephesian populace to seize Aristarchus and Gaius. The town clerk (5) defends them and appeases the mob, referring Demetrius &c., to the (1) Capital EPHESUS, on R. Cayster, the commercial meeting-point of Asia and Europe by sea, and by the inland Roman rat via Sardia, NE to Galatia, Pontus, &c. or E via leonium to the Euphrates-valley; a free city (with Jewish colony); fas ན; for Diana's temple (one of the world's 7 wonders), and for magic (diviners, exorcists, &c. and dealers in spoken charms LL written amulets or Ephesian letters).—(2) A military colony-usually of veterans; a miniature Rome in a conquered_district ——--(3) CORINTH, capital of Roman Aektit, ie, Greece (S of Epirus and Thessaly), on the maritime thoroughfare between E 4 W, was a centre of traffic, paganism, philosophy, and luxury.(4) Felix used the Sicarii, A.V. murderers', to remove his crNiSa and indulged in all crimes. His procuratorship was one series of disturbances, false Messiahs, Sicarii and robbers, des contests'. See Jos. Ant. xx. 8, 5, 6, 7: Tacit Hir. v. 9: Ann. xii. 54.- (5) President for the year of the Senate and Amy*Chief of Asia,' Gk. Asiarchs, the managers and chief donors of the games,

Acts 19. 24.

35.

A.D.

Acts 19. 10.

GO.

Acts 20. 1.

2 Cor. 9.
Gal. 1. i-16.

[58.]

Acts 20. 2.

[38.]

62.

[60].

PART III-APOSTOLIC HISTORY.

proconsular court then sitting.--During this 3-years' stay, St. Paul in all probability founds the Churches of proconsular Asia (cp. Rom. 15. 20); he summarises his work in ch. 20. 18-35. Paul starts for MACEDONIA by A. TROAS. After awaiting in an agony of suspense (2 Cor. 2. 13) Titus' return from CORINTH, whither Paul had sent him instead of going himself (to allow time for reform), Paul revisits MACEDONIA, and begins a collection for the converts at Jerusalem. At PHILIPPI, Titus reports the Corinthians' repentance and reform, and Paul, cheered (2 Cor. 7. 4-13), sends the 2nd Epistle to the Corinthians by Titus and 2 others, Luke probably one of them, enjoining on Achaia a similar collection.

Paul, surprised by news that 'false,' i.e. Judaising, 'brethren' were inducing the Galatian converts to subject themselves to the Mosaic Law and questioning his commission, writes his Epistle to the Galatians, in which, appealing to the converts' history and his own, and to the Old Testament itself, he indignantly condemns these intruders, and repeats that the Gentiles are saved by faith without conformity to the Law.

After evangelising GREECE to the Adriatic (Illyricum, Rom. 15. 19), Paul winters 3 months at CORINTH (cp. vs. 3, 6 with 1 Cor. 16. 6, 7 and the ref. to the city', Rom. 16. 23), and writes the Epistle to the Romans, 'his master-exposition of Christian doctrine' sent by Rom. 15. 18-32. Phoebe of Cenchre(a) (Rom. 16. 1). Regarding his work E. of the Adriatic as finished (1), he now purposes visiting the West, esp. Spain, via ROME-after carrying the collections of the Gentile churches to the poor believers in Jerusalem, and he asks the prayers of the Roman church for his deliverance from the unbelievers in Judæa.

Acts 20. 3.

13.

The Jews conspiring to kill Paul, he returns through MACEDONIA; his companions sail direct to TROAS, where Paul joins them (through PHILIPPI, rejoined here by Luke) after the Passover, and raises Eutychus to life. Overtaking by land his companions' ship at ASSOS, Paul sails to MITYLENE, CHIOS, TROGYLLIUM, and MILETUS, whither he summons the 17-38. elders of Ephesus, distant about 50 miles. By their memory of his unsparing and disinterested labours (vs. 18-24, 31), he warns and encourages them against future false teachers and perseActs 21. 1. cutors, and bids them farewell. Paul &c. sail by the islands COOS and RHODES, and change ships at PATARA in Lycia and at TYRE, where they seek the Christians and stay 7 days.

4.

20.

27.

31.

37. Acts 22. 1. 22.

24.

Acts 23. 1.

6.

11.

12.

Acts 24. 2.

22.

Jos.B.J.2.17.9.

Acts 25. 1.

Unshaken by prophetic warnings of imprisonment at Jerusalem and entreaties here, at PTOLEMAIS and CÆSAREA, Paul enters JERUSALEM with the collections from Macedonia Achaia and Galatia (1 Cor. 16. 1; Acts 24. 17), being bound in the spirit to preach the gospel at all hazards (Acts 20. 22-24), and yearning for the salvation of his fellow Jews (Rom. 9. 1-5 & 10. 1-4 & 11. 14, &c.). But to reassure the Jewish converts, who understood that Paul taught the Jewish believers among the Gentiles to abandon Moses' law, Paul, by James' advice, undertakes for 4 persons under a Nazarite vow the expenses of its discharge; reputed by the Jews a meritorious act. During the week, Jews of proconsular Asia provoke a riot by asserting, as a proof of his anti-Mosaic teaching, that Paul had polluted the Temple by introducing uncircumcised Gentiles (Trophimus).

Claudius Lysias, commander of the Roman garrison in Herod's citadel Antonia overlooking the Temple, descends to quell the riot, and saves Paul from summary execution, supposing him the Egyptian ringleader of Sicarii (murderers, A. V.) dispersed by Felix [54]. Undeceived, he gives Paul the long desired opportunity of vindicating his own teaching and loyalty as a Jew. The mob interrupt Paul's narrative, at the statement of his mission to the Gentiles by revelation in the Temple, and renew the uproar. Lysias, unable to ascertain Paul's offence, takes him into the castle for examination by torture; stopped by Paul's assertion of Roman citizenship (which involved protection also), he brings him next day before the Sanhedrin. Paul, despairing of a fair trial, appeals to his brother Pharisees, asserting the teaching of their common tenet, the resurrection, to be his sole offence; Lysias removes Paul, lest he be torn in pieces between the contending Sadducees and Pharisees who incline to Paul (cp. ch.5. 34, 39). That night, Paul is cheered by the revelation that his cherished wish to preach in Rome will be fulfilled.

The night following, Lysias, warned of the plot of 40 Jews to kill Paul, sends him to Felix at Cæsarea for trial; where (12 days after his arrival in Jerusalem) Ananias and the Sanhedrin accuse Paul through Tertullus (but, as Paul shews, wholly without evidence), of sedition against Rome, and claim his surrender to their jurisdiction as a profaner of their Temple.

St. Paul, prisoner of the Romans.-Felix, though convinced of Paul's innocence, (to please the Jews, now desperate under his cruel rule), keeps him in prison 2 years, hoping for a bribe; meanwhile, he and his adulteress-consort Drusilla (sister of H. Agrippa II., and wife of Azizus king of Emesa) feign an interest in Christianity. St. Luke was apparently St. Paul's constant companion during his imprisonments (Acts 27.1; Col. 4. 14; 2 Tim. 4. 11). His Gospel (whether written now, during imprisonment at Rome, or after Jerusalem's destruction) breathes St. Paul's spirit.

Ananias, deposed by Felix, is murdered by the Sicarii (cp. Acts 23. 3). Felix denounced to Nero, esp. for openly supporting the foreigners of Cæsarea in riots against the Jews, is recalled. Festus, the new procurator, after unconsciously thwarting a plot against Paul's life, and practically acquitting him (ch. 23. 18, 19), proposes a fresh trial at Jerusalem to please the Jews: an unjust concession, which obliges Paul to claim to be tried before Nero himself. Festus, unacquainted with Jewish law, invites AGRIPPA II. (governor of the Temple, and king Jos. Ant. 20. 5. 2. of Trachonitis and Abilene, A.D. 53) (2), during his congratulatory visit with his sister Bernice, Acts 26. 1.

to help him frame Paul's indictment. Before Agrippa, Paul recalls his notoriously zealous Pharisaism and persecution of Christians, declares that his conversion and missionary work among the Gentiles were by direct revelation, and that he taught only the outcome of the Law and Prophets, viz. Jesus, identified by His death and resurrection with the hope of Israel,' i.e. the long-promised Messiah, and deliverer of both Gentiles and Jews from Satan, sin, and death. Agrippa reports Paul innocent, but his appeal to Nero obliges his transfer to Rome. St. Paul's Voyage to Rome.

Paul, Luke, and Aristarchus sail, with the centurion Julius and other prisoners, in a coasting vessel of Adramyttium to SIDON, and against adverse winds to MYRA in Lycia; thence in an

(1) At the Peace of Brundusium, the 2nd Triumvirate "fixed Scodra (Scutari) in Myricum as the boundary of the West and East". (2) See the "Table of the Herodian Family".

A.D.

€3. [61.]

64. [62]

63.

63. [67.]

1 Tim. 1. 3.

1 Tim. 3. 4, 15.

Tit. 3. 12.

2 Tim. 2. 9

66.

2 Tim. 1. 15.

HISTORICAL EPITOME OF THE HOLY BIBLE.

Alexandrian corn ship to CNIDUS (on S.W. Cape of Asia Minor), and the FAIR HAVENS in Crete. Here Paul predicts loss if the voyage be pursued so late; but the centurion, preferring the opinion of the pilot and owner, decides to run before a S. wind to Phenix, and winter there: but the tempestuous E..N.E. wind Euroclydon (Euraquilo) drives them south of Crete, past the island CLAUDA, and they drift 14 days in ADRIA', Le. the Mediterranean between Crete and Sicily, N. of the African Syrtes (quicksands"). Encouraged by the revelation to Paul and by his example, the soldiers sacrifice the boat to keep the ship's crew. They fail to beach the shop on the Island of MELITA (Malta), but all (276 souls) are saved after shipwreck. The natives (barbarous '=not Greek) treat them kindly. Paul is unhurt by a viper's bite (cp. Mark 15. While navigation is suspended (3 mths), Paul cures the father of Publius the governor, and other sick persons. In the spring, they sail in the Castor and Pollux by SYRACUSE and RHEGIUM to PUTEOLI (in Bay of Naples); thence reaching Rome by the Appian Way, escorted by Roman Christians from APPII FORUM (43 Rom. miles) and TRES TABERNAE = shops (5) K. m.i Paul is allowed to live by himself in his own hired house, but in charge of the Imperial Guard [possibly within the precincts of Nero's palace, Phil. 1. 13(1).] and chained by one arm to a soldier: awaiting his accusers' arrival. Assembling the Jews, he explains his circumstances, and argum that Jesus was the Messiah of the Law and Prophets. Some are convinced; the obstinate prejudice (Is. 6. 9) of others obliges him again to assert sadly (Rom. 9. 2 & cp. 10, 1) his commission to the Gentiles. During 2 years, (Luke, Timothy, Epaphras, Aristarchus, John Mark, Tychicus, and Demas sharing his imprisonment), Paul teaches undisturbed, with much success (Phil. 1. 13– 18) even among the Imperial Guard and in the palace (Nero's household,' (1) Phil. 4. 22). Meanwhile, he continues his care of all the churches' by the Epistle to the Colissians (apparently caused by Epaphras' report, Col. 4. 12, 13), and the Epistle to the Ephesians, both sent by Tychicus, who reports between the Apostle and these churches (Col. 4 7, 8). The istter may possibly have been a circular or 'encyclical' letter (2) to the churches of proconsular Asia, including Laodicea (Col. 4. 16). Paul's convert, Onesimus, a runaway slave, returns with Tychicus, bearing the reconciliatory Epistle to his master Philemon of Colosse. These Epistles shew Paul expecting his release; and were probably followed (either now, or at a somewhat later period) by the Epistle to the Hebrews (3), written, if not by St. Paul himself, certainly under his influence, to the churches of Judæa (or, as some think, to Jewish converts generally), to supply a full and final demonstration of the true relation of Judaism to Christianity", necessary in view of the judgments impending on the nation and Jerusalem.

Mark's proposed movements from Rome to Asia (Philem. 24; Col. 4. 10), his presence with Timothy at Ephesus (2 Tim. 4. 11), and other evidence suggest that the 1st Episte of Peter," his testimony to the truth of the Gospel taught by Paul', was addressed to the churches in Asia Minor (founded chiefly by Paul), and was sent from Babylon by Silvanus about this time.-Towarus the 2 years' end, the Philippian church sends Paul a contribution by Epaphroditus, who, after an illness due to devoted work, carries back the Epistle to the Philippians, which presents Pani in strict custody and some danger, expecting anxiously a speedy sentence, and facing the wurst; but seeking their prayers for his earlier restoration to them, and expecting it. Interregnum in Judea between the Procuratorships of Festus and Albinus. priest, murders James the Lord's brother,' and the chief Christians in Jerusalem.

The '2 years' of the Acts of the Apostles (ch. 28. 30) ends.

Anamus, high

Paul is apparently tried (Nero's justice being notorious) and liberated. Henceforward, his life is traceable only by the Pastoral Epistles. He probably visited the churches of Macedonia and Asia Minor,-Philippi, Colossa, Laodicea, Hierapolis, and Ephesus, where he leaves Timothy. Thence Paul starts for Macedonia, and during some detention writes the 1st EpKit 19 Timothy. He then visits Crete and Miletus. Ephesus (1 Tim. 4. 13; 2 Tim. 1. 1. Trons. Corinth (2 Tim. 4. 13, 20), and writes the Epistle to Titus from Asia Minor (?) on his way to wakr at Nicopolis, probably the city in Epirus which commemorated the battle of Actium. There be seems to have been arrested, sent to Rome, and treated as a criminal. His Asian friends, except Onesiphorus, stand aloof. Only Luke is with him when, expecting death after his first. [63.] | 2 Tim. 4. 6—-21. examination, he writes the 2nd Epistle to Timothy, entreating him to come before winter, and, bring Mark, as if to comfort his last hours and to witness his martyrdom (ep. Phil. 2. 21. A doubtful tradition says that St. Paul visited Spain in accordance with his purpose, expressed Rom. 15. 24 [58]; also that St. Paul was beheaded (as a Roman citizen) and St. Peter crucified at Rome in the Veronian persecution following the Great Fire. If so, the 2nd Epistle of Inter would have been written just before his journey to Rome (or there); for St. Peter writes, expecting death shortly (by revelation, 2 Pet. 1. 14), to warn the Christians against the seductions or (cp. Rev. 1-3.) false teachers when the Apostles should be no more, and to encourage them to hold fast the doctrines of the holy prophets and Apostles-giving a final endorsement to St. Paul's Episties The Jewish nation, frenzied at the oppressive avarice of Florus, rebels, A.D. 66. The Zealots (sec Jewish Sects) lead. The Roman armies are expelled.-Vespasian and his son Titus conquer Galilee, and aided by Jewish dissensions, close upon and besiege Jerusalem. The Christian body, profiting by Christ's warning (Mt. 24. 15-2, &c.), escapes to Pella beyond Jordan, during a suspension of the siege caused by Nero's death and the war of the Imperial succession.— After 5 month's siege, (1,100,000 Jews are said to have perished by famine, fire and sword, as our Lord's words, Mk. 13. 19; Lk. 17. 37), the Temple and city are destroyed in spite of Titus" efforts: 97,000 Jews are taken captive, and VESPASIAN, made Emperor by the army, celebrates (cp. John 11.48.) by a triumph at Rome, the final obliteration of the Jewish Holy Place and Nation".

[67.]

[70.]

Euseb. Hist.
Ec. 50. 2. c. 24.

Luke 19. 43, 44.
Matt. 24. 15.

(1) Dr. Merivale, St. Paul at Rome, p. 110 (S.P.C.K.); but the Guard', Le, the prætorian regiments according to Bp. Lightfont, who places the Epistle to the Philippians as early, and the other 3 Epistles as late, as possible in this imprisonment.—2) Some many copies omitat Ephesus (Eph. 1. 1), as if a blank had been left for the names of the churches to which the letter should go in mecession. (3) Comp. "Hebrews" in the Summary of the Books of the Bible,-which see also as to the other Epistles and the Gospels

14

GLOSSARY OF BIBLE WORDS,

NOW DIFFICULT OR OBSOLETE, EXPLAINED AND ILLUSTRATED.

BY THE REV. J. RAWSON LUMBY, D.D.

Vicar of St. Edward's, and Fellow and Dean of St. Catharine's, and late Fellow
of Magdalene College, Cambridge.

The illustrations from English writers of the period of the Authorised Version in this Glossary are chosen, as much as possible, from authors of the Elizabethan and Jacobean times; but now and then, to indicate that a word is old, an example of it has been given from Chaucer, while on the contrary a few examples have been selected from Milton and Dryden when a word continued to be used in its Biblical sense to a late date. With the exception of Spenser, Shakespeare, Milton, Burton (Tegg, 1857), and Dryden, the works mainly used for illustration are those published in (1) Mr. Arber's series of reprints; (2) the Fuller Worthies Library (Grosart); (3) the Old Shakespeare Society's volumes; and (4) the publications of the Parker Society. The common abbreviations have been employed for the parts of speech and to indicate the languages with which each word is connected :

ad fin.

towards the end. Eng. adjective.

Fr. French.

L. or Lat. = Latin.
LXX. Sept. Vers. of O.T.
met. = metaphorically.

adj.

fig.=

English. figuratively.

adv.

adverb.

A. S. = Anglo-Saxon.

G. or Germ. German.

n. noun.

conj.

conjunction.

Gk.

Greek.

O. E.

Old English.

conn.

connected.

Heb.

O. F.

ep. compare.

Icel.

Dan. Danish.

Dut. =

Dutch.

Hebrew.

Icelandic.

inter. interjection.
It. or Ital. = Italian.

ABJECT, n. (Lat. abjectus, cast aaway.) A worthless, contemptible person: Ps. 35. 15.

Death tells the proud they are bat abjects, and humbles them at the instant. Raleigh's Hist. ad fin. ABOMINATION, n. (Lat. abominatio.) Anything that is loathsome, hence applied to objects of idolatrous worship: as Ex. 8. 26,

&c.

They often placed Within God's sanctuary itself their shrines, Abominations. Par. Lost, i 387. An idol is also called 'a thing of naught', Jer. 14. 14, 's horror' 2 Chron. 15. 16, marg., 'a shame Hos. 9. 10, 'dungy gods', Deut. 29. 17, marg. ABROAD, adv., out of doors. Judg. 12. 9; 1 Kin. 2. 42, &c. See Gad.

They will not suffer their wives to be seen abroad. Barton's Anatomy, p. 642. ADAMANT, n. (Gk. adamas, unconquerable), hence applied to very hard stone: Eze. 3. 9; Zech. 7. 12. The first letter of the word being dropped, now diamond.

They supposed I could rend bars of steel,
And spurn in pieces posts of adamant.
Shaks Henry VI. pt. 1. i. 4. 52.

ADDICT, v. refl. (Lat. addicere to
devote. Addicted in a good sense
dedicated, and not as in modern
use: 1 Cor. 16. 15.
ADJURE, v. t. (Lat. adjuro= to af-
firm on oath.) Used not in the
common sense, to entreat solemn-
ly, but to bind by an oath, cause
to swear: Josh. 6. 26.
ADMIRATION, n. (L. admiratio)
wonder, Jude 16. Rev. 17.6, undue
regard, astonishment, without any
of the good sense which the word
has now.

ADO, n. (from Eng. do, with pref. a) -bustle, tumult: Mk. 5. 39.

Great ery and little wool, much ado and small help.-Gosson's School of Abuse, p. 29.

ADVENTURE, v. t. and i. (Lat. advenire, adventurus.) To venture,

Old French.

part. = participle.

p. p. past participle.
prep. = preposition.

to risk: Deut. 28. 56; Judg. 9. 17;
Acts 19. $1.

I am almost afraid: yet I will adventure.
Shaks. Romeo, v. 3, 11.
By adventuring both, I oft found both.
ADVERTISE, v. t. (Fr. advertir) to
Shaks. Mer, Ven, I. 1. 143
inform, give notice: Num. 24. 14;
Ruth 4.4. See Extate, Occurrent.
This is to be partaker of other men's

sins, I advertise you in God's name, look

to it.
ADVISEMENT, n. (Fr. avis =) coun-
Latimer's Serm., p. 81.
sel, 1 Chron. 12. 19, consideration.
I shall be at liberty to take new ad-
visement.
More's Utopia, p. 16.
AFFECT, v. t. (Lat. affectare) to
desire earnestly, to strive after :
Gal. 4. 17.

The world's a crafty strumpet most
affecting,

And closely following those that most
reject her;

But seeming careless, nicely disrespect-
ing,

And coyly flying those that most affect
her.
AFFECTIONED, p. p. (Lat. affectus)
Quarles' Emblems, i. 4.
disposed: Rom. 12. 10.
There be many so affectioned to religion
that they pass (.e care) nothing for learn-
ing.
AFFINITY, (Lat. affinis) a relation-
More's Utopia, p. 149.
ship by marriage: 1 Kin. 3. 1; 2
Chron. 18. 1; Ezra 9. 14.
AGAINST, conj. used of time: Gen.
43. 25; Ex. 7. 15.
I'll charm his eyes, against she do appear.
Shaks. Mids. N. D. iii. 2 29.
ALBEIT, conj. · -although it be:
Ezek. 13. 7; Philem. 19.
ALLEGE, (Lt. allego) to bring evi-
dence, to prove by quotation (of
Scripture, Acts 17. 3).

One place more of St. Augustine will I
allege.

Ridley Aget. Transubstantiation.
ALLEGORY, (Gk. allegoria) a de-
scription of one thing under the
image of another: Gal. 4. 24.

The Fathers. before they fully under-
stood the literal sense in Scripture, looked
out for Allegory.
Selden s Table Talk, p 2.

ALLOW, v. t. (Lt. allaudare) to approve of: Lk. 11. 48; Rom. 7. 15; 1 Thes. 2. 4.

How far-forth do you like their articles? I like them all, and do allow them well. Shaks. Henry VI. pt. 2. iv, 2. 54. Cp. Pr. Bk. B. Ser. (God) favourably alloweth this charitable work of ours.

e.g.

ALL TO, adv. All to pieces: Judg.
9. 53. To often prefixed in O. E.
to verbs of breaking, cleaving,
&c., to indicate utter destruction,
'to-breke',
rend',
'to-chap', 'to-
to-tere"". The word all
being frequently added to the ex-
pression to increase its strength,
all-to became used as an adverb,
though the to belongs properly to
the verb. His mailed hauberk
broken and to-tore'. Rom. of Par-
tenay, 5872. By the time of Spen-
ser, all was invariably joined with
to. Thus

With locks all loose, and miment all to
rent.
F. Queen, v. 8. 4.

Cp. altogether.

ALMS, n. singular, (shortened from almesse, the O. Eng. form of Gk. eleemosyné pity), a charitable gift, almsgift: Acts 3. 3. ALOOF, adv. at a distance: Ps. 38.) 11. Last syllable perhaps connected with verb, leave. AMAZEMENT, n. (connected with Fr. s'esmaier) Confusion, trepidation, bewilderment: 1 Pet. 3. 6. Amazement shall drive courage from the state. Shaks. Perici, 1. 2. 26.

AMBASSAGE, n. (Ital. ambasciata, and the first syllable is to be seen in the Germ. amt = office.) An embassy: Luke 14. 32. AMBUSHMENTS, n. (Fr. embusquer lie in a lurking place.) The middle syllable is akin to Eng. bush a thicket. An ambuscade, a party of men lying in wait in a wood or thicket: 2 Chron. 13. 13; 20. 22.

APPARENTLY, adv. (Lat. appareo

to appear.) Manifestly, visibly, openly: Num. 12. 8.

It becometh us not to judge great magistrates, unless their deeds be openly and apparently wicked.

Latimer's Serm., p. 116.

APPEARANCE (of evil) in 1 Thes. 5. 32-form, sort, kind (of evil).

APPLE, of the eye, n. The eyeball: Deut. 32. 10.

Laugh upon the apple of her eye. Shaks. Lov. La. Lost, v. 2. 475. APPREHEND, (Lat. apprehendo) to lay hold of, grasp: 2 Cor. 11. 32. ; which, how it worketh in them that have no power to apprehend such felicity, it is not for me to intimate. Nash's Pierce Pennilesse, p. 68. APPROVE, v. t. (Lat. approbare, Fr. approver.) (1) To prove, de