made a combined attack. Terry's men pushed from traverse to traverse until the works were finally taken, Jan. 15th, including 169 guns, 2,083 prisoners, with ammunition and small arms.

SURRENDER OF WILMINGTON, FEBRUARY 22, 1865.-Gen. Schofield was at Clifton, on the Tennessee, preparing to go to Eastport, Miss., when he received the order summoning him to the East. He was directed to take Wilmington, and then coöperate with Gen. Sherman in his campaign against the Confederate forces being assembled under Gen. Johnston. He found Gen. Terry with 8,000 men about two miles above the fort, but too weak to advance against the Confederates, who were strongly intrenched at Fort Anderson. Schofield brought about 12,000 men, and at once commenced active operation against the enemy, who were defeated in several engagements. Wilmington was taken on the 22d of February. The Confederate forces, commanded by Bragg and Hoke, withdrew to unite with Johnston's army, while Schofield and Terry moved to Goldsboro to reinforce Sherman.

SHERMAN'S FINAL CAMPAIGN, 1865.-At Averysboro, thirtyfive miles south of Raleigh, the left wing of Sherman's army suddenly came upon Hardee's forces, intrenched across his path. They were however driven back, and the march continued toward Goldsboro. At Bentonville, March 19th, Slocum was assailed by the entire Confederate army under Johnston, who expected to crush the left wing before the remaining forces could come to their aid. Slocum withstood six assaults from

Johnston's army, inflicting heavy loss upon it with his artillery. Night fell without giving Johnston any ground. During the night reinforcements arrived, and both armies fortified themselves for the morrow. Gen. Slocum awaited the arrival of Gen. Howard with the entire right of Sherman's army, while Gen. Schofield was improving this delay to get possession of Goldsboro in the enemy's rear, and Gen. Terry was advancing to the Neuse, at Cox's bridge, some ten miles higher up. But Johnston had taken the alarm, and during the night retreated so precipitately toward Raleigh as to leave his pickets behind, as well as his severely wounded. This was the last battle fought by the army confronting Sherman's. The Union loss was about 1,600 killed, wounded, and missing. about 2,300.

The Confederate loss was

No further resistance being made, Sherman's army moved on to Goldsboro, where it rested and was re-clad; while Sherman, after a brief visit with Gens. Scofield and Terry, made a hasty trip to City Point (March 27th), where he met in council President Lincoln, Generals Grant, Meade, etc., and returned to Goldsboro on the 30th.

JOHNSTON'S SURRENDER, APRIL 26, 1865.-While Sherman was quiescent at Goldsboro, he was electrified to hear of the fall of Richmond and Petersburg. He immediately began a movement against Johnston, who still lay at Smithfield, but who now retreated to Raleigh, thence to Greensboro. Sherman pursued the Confederates to Raleigh.

The opposing armies were in these places-one at Greens

boro, the other at Raleigh—when the news of Lee's surrender reached them. The decline of the Confederate cause brought overtures of peace from Johnston, which led to his surrender, April 26th, 1865, on the same terms as had been granted to Lee. The surrender of all the Confederate armies soon followed, the last being the command of Gen. E. Kirby Smith, at Shreveport, La., on the 26th of May. Under Johnston's command, 36,817 men were paroled, and 52,453 in Georgia and Florida.

ANNIVERSARY OF FORT SUMTER.—The 14th day of April, 1865, was the anniversary of the surrender of Fort Sumter by Major Anderson to Gen. Beauregard. It was celebrated by a large number of loyal citizens, who went down to Charleston and Port Royal to witness the raising, over the ruins of the historic fortress, of the identical flag that had been hauled down four years before when Beauregard first opened fire upon Fort Sumter. The flag had been thoughtfully preserved for the purpose. Henry Ward Beecher delivered the principal address on this occasion. The whole country was aglow with loyal rejoicing and congratulations over the surrender of Lee, which occurred April 9th, and the establishment of National authority over the site. which fired the first gun of the Rebellion.

CHAPTER XII.

MCCLELLAN'S PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.

ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY, 1861.-Immediately after the battle of Bull Run, the new military department of Washington and Northeastern Virginia was formed. The army became known as the Army of the Potomac. Gen. George B. McClellan was summoned by telegraph from West Virginia to take command of it. The change was officially announced July 25, 1861. The army around Washington was reduced by desertions, defeat, and by the expiration of the time of the three-months men, to about 50,000 men. Gen. Winfield Scott nominally remained General-in-chief until November 1st, when, by his own request, he was placed on the retired list, and McClellan was named to supersede him. Gen. McClellan at once commenced the organization of the great army authorized by Congress. Regiment after regiment flocked into Washington. The troops were armed and drilled, with a full knowledge of the perils and hardships and privations to be encountered. By the beginning of December, when Congress assembled, the Army of the Potomac had reached 185,000 men.

DIFFERENT ROUTES TOWARD RICHMOND.-In the spring of 1862, when the Army of the Potomac was to be put in motion for the capture of Richmond, Lincoln and McClellan did not agree as to what route should be taken. There were several

different ways by which the Union army could be furnished with food and supplies while moving against Richmond. One, by railroad through Gordonville: this was the longest route, and most difficult to guard. The supplies could be taken down the Potomac to Aquia Creek via Fredericksburg, then by rail to Richmond. This route possessed the advantage of placing the Union army in a position to defend the National capital. Another route was that down the Chesapeake bay, ascending either the York or the James river, and establishing a base on one or the other at some convenient point. This plan necessitated a division of the army in order to protect Washington against a sudden attack upon it. The President wished the army to move directly against the enemy overland. McClellan wished to move down the bay on transports. Lincoln finally yielded to McClellan's plan, on condition that a sufficient force should be left for the protection of Washington.

DOWN THE RIVER TO YORKTOWN, APRIL, 1862.-The great Army of the Potomac, numbering 155,000, in command of Gen. McClellan, embarked at Alexandria in April, and was taken down the Potomac in transports to Fortress Monroe. The ultimate objects were, the destruction of the Confederate army and the capture of Richmond, the capital of the Confed

eracy.

The Confederates had erected numerous breastworks extending across the peninsula which separates the York and James rivers, defended by 20,000 men under Gen. J. B. Magruder. The main body was centered at Yorktown, a place already cele