time concentration was needed. Rosecrans could not give any orders to Burnside, who in turn had no idea of the former's danger, which in fact was not in line of his prescribed duty. He proceeded for the recovery of eastern Tennessee. His appearance was hailed with delight by the Unionists who had been forced into Confederate service, or into a manifestation of Southern allegiance under penalty of death. Long-hidden National flags now waved from many a house. Bounteous supplies of food, unsolicited, and cheers and rejoicings, welcomed the return of National authority and protection.

While the army of the Cumberland remained quietly in Chattanooga, the Confederates conceived the idea of sending a force under Longstreet for the recovery of Knoxville, recently taken by Burnside. Advancing silently and rapidly with a force estimated at 7,000, he fell upon and captured the outposts of Philadelphia, Ky. The enemy advanced through Lenoir, London, and Campbell's Station. Gen. Burnside retreated to his intrenchments in Knoxville. Longstreet pursued him, and on November 17th commenced a siege on the city. Shelling and skirmishing served to break the monotony for ten days. On the arrival of reinforcements, Longstreet delivered an assault upon the works, and met a repulse.

While these events were occurring in and around Knoxville, Gen. Bragg met a disastrous defeat from the combined forces under Gen. Grant; and a relief corps was sent from Chattanooga under Gen. Sherman to raise the siege of Knoxville, which was.

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promptly done. When Longstreet heard of Sherman's approach, he moved rapidly eastward to Russellville, Va.

The Union entire loss in this side campaign was about 1,000, while that of the enemy was two or three times as great.

CONCENTRATION OF UNION FORCES AT CHATTANOOGA, OcTOBER AND NOVEMBER, 1863.-Gen. Halleck became thoroughly alarmed at the peril of Rosecrans' army at Chattanooga, too late to save it from the defeat at Chickamauga, but just in time to prevent starvation forcing an unwilling capitulation.

Gen. Halleck telegraphed to Burnside at Knoxville, Hurlbut at Memphis, and Grant at Vicksburg, to move troops to the support of Rosecrans. Before Burnside made his appearance at Chattanooga, Bragg had defeated Rosecrans, and sent a force tɔ operate against him. Grant was sick at New Orleans, out of. reach of the telegram; and Sherman, who represented him at Vicksburg, did not receive it until it was a few days old. Hurlbut's corps was put in motion eastward. Gen. Halleck, learning of the reverse at Chickamauga and not hearing from Grant or Sherman, on September 23d dispatched about 20,000 men, under the command of Gen. Hooker, to Tennessee to hold Rosecrans' line of communication from Nashville to Bridgeport. They were sent by rail from Washington through Wheeling, Cincinnati, Louisville, and Nashville, to the Tennessee. Gen. Hooker concentrated his forces at Bridgeport, preparing to dispute with Bragg the right to use the river and the highway along its bank as an avenue for the transportation of supplies to the Union troops inclosed at Chattanooga.

The road across the mountains used for this purpose imposed a most laborious and difficult task upon the troops. It is estimated that not less than 10,000 horses were used up in this service, and that it would have been impossible to supply our army a week longer, by reason of the exhaustion of the horses, and the increasing badness of the roads caused by autumn rains.

Gen. Bragg had sent a large force of cavalry under Wheeler across the Tennessee river to cut off Thomas's supplies. In the Sequatchie valley he captured or burned from 700 to 1,000 wagons with supplies. He next struck McMinnville, in the heart of Tennessee, where he captured 600 men and a large quantity of supplies. He was pursued by Union cavalry in this raid, and attacked in several sharp engagements, in which he lost about two thousand men, killed and captured. The Union loss must have been greater, while the property destroyed was worth millions.

Gen. Grant was placed in command of all forces now concentrated around Chattanooga. He assumed nominal command at Louisville, Oct. 18, 1863. Telegraphing to Gen. Thomas to hold Chattanooga at all hazards, he received the answer, "I will hold on till we starve," and proceeded at once to the scene of action.

Gen. Sherman reported to Gen. Grant at Chattanooga Nov. 15. The troops which he had brought from Vicksburg as reinforcements were speedily arranged to aid in the final assault upon the enemy's stronghold.

ATTACK UPON LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN AND MISSIONARY RIDGE, NOVEMBER 24-25, 1863.-On November 24 Gen. Hooker's division made a brilliant assault on Lookout Mountain, upon which the enemy had fortified itself. Hooker's men pressed forward in the face of a terrific fire, driving the enemy before them from their rifle-pits. On up the mountains, over boulders and ledges, crests and chasms, they went. Hooker had ordered his men to be halted and re-formed on reaching the summit of the mountain. The tide of victory carried them on over the summit without halting, until they had taken many prisoners and driven the remainder down the precipitous eastern declivity of the mountain, when darkness arrested the progress of the victorious army. The enemy passed across Chattanooga valley and concentrated their forces on Missionary Ridge, posting their front behind breastworks erected by the Union troops after the sanguinary battle of Chickamauga.

The next morning Hooker moved down Lookout Mountain and began to coöperate with Sherman and Thomas in the final assault upon Missionary Ridge. As the Union skirmishers advanced, two abreast, with the whole army in easy supporting distance, the enemy, seized with panic, abandoned the works at the foot of the hill and retreated precipitately to the crest, closely pursued by their conquering adversary. In less than an hour the victorious troops had taken the summit of the ridge. The Union troops seized the abandoned and yet-smoking guns of the enemy, and turned them upon their panic-stricken owners.

The fall of the night ended the pursuit of the retreating foe