in the rear and on their right, put the fugitives to flight. They left their guns and wagons; dismounted men and the sick and wounded to the number of 600 were taken prisoners, while the rest took a precipitous flight up along the river in pursuit of an avenue of escape.

Passing up the river about fourteen miles to Belleville, Morgan and his remaining men had fairly begun, at 3 P. M., to swim their horses across (330 having gotten away), when Generals Hobson and Shackleford, in command of a division of pursuers, were again upon them. The gunboats also appeared, bringing several regiments to share in the hunt. As there was no hope in fighting, all that now remained (over 1,000), excepting Morgan and a few adherents who escaped, capitulated without further resistance.

Morgan, now stripped of his guns and wagons and miscellaneous plunder which he had collected, passed inland with the remnant of his force to McArthur, making a forlorn attempt to cross the Ohio at Marietta. They then passed to Eastport, thence to New Lisbon. Here they were driven to a high bluff and surrounded by the home guards and their pursuers, ever on their track.

Gen. Morgan and several of his officers were taken to Columbus, and confined in the penitentiary. Their heads were shaved, like those of ordinary felons, for which no reason has been assigned, nor does it appear by whom it was ordered, certainly not by the Government. No labor was required of them, but they were confined in cells. Seven of them, including Morgan,

dug their way out and escaped. Morgan and Captain Hines, after changing their clothes, proceeded at once to the depot, got on the train, which they knew would start at 1 A. M., and were carried by it very near Cincinnati, when they put on the brakes at the rear of the train, checking its speed, and jumped off and ran to the Ohio river. They were ferried across to Kentucky, and went at once to a house where shelter and refreshments awaited them.

Morgan made his way through Kentucky and Tennessee to northern Georgia, losing his companion by the way. Thence he went to Richmond, where he was received in great ovation, and again entered the Confederate service in east Tennessee, where he was killed the next year,—thus ending a daring and brilliant career which was directed against the perpetuity of the Union.

CHAPTER IX.

CHATTANOOGA.

CAMPAIGN AGAINST CHATTANOOGA, 1863.-Gen. Rosecrans remained in Murfreesboro until late in June. His supplies had been mainly drawn from Louisville, through a semi-hostile country, over a single railroad. It required a heavy guard at every depot, bridge, or trestle, to protect them from destruction by the enemy's raiders. His cavalry was no match, as had been proven by past experiences, for the Confederate horse, commanded by such vigorous and audacious partisans as Morgan, Forrest, and Wheeler. Though Rosecrans' best efforts were given to the strengthening of his cavalry, he could hardly obtain horses fast enough to replace those destroyed by the enemy or worn out by service.

Bragg had 18,000 infantry under Bishop Polk at Shelbyville, strongly intrenched and formidably fortified behind five miles of earthworks. Eighteen miles back of this, in a mountain region traversed by bad roads, was another intrenched camp, at Tullahoma. Hardee's corps of 12,000 was at Wartrace, to the right of Shelbyville. Besides these, Bragg had troops at Knoxville and Chattanooga. Perhaps 40,000 was the number he could concentrate upon the field of battle, while Rosecrans had not less than 60,000. If Bragg fell back, destroying railroads and bridges, he would be strengthened; while Rosecrans would

be compelled to extend and protect his communications, and thus his available force for battle would be reduced.

Gen. Rosecrans began his advance on June 24th, and, in a series of brilliant flank movements, succeeded in dislodging the enemy from his intrenched camp at Tullahoma and Shelbyville; and in nine days, without any serious engagement, he had cleared middle Tennessee of the Confederate army, at a cost of barely 560 men. The Confederates lost as many killed and wounded, besides 1,634 prisoners who fell into the hands of the Union troops.

Bragg retreated toward Chattanooga, a Confederate stronghold, the key to eastern Tennessee and northern Georgia. Having obtained a fair start while Rosecrans was preparing to fight, and having the use of a railroad whereon to transport his guns and supplies, Bragg easily made good his flight over the Cumberland mountains and across the Tennessee river at Bridgeport, where he destroyed the railroad bridge behind him.

Rosecrans was expected by the authorities at Washington to follow him sharply. Considerable delay occurred from the time he commenced his movement in pursuit of the fugitives until he appeared before Chattanooga. Bragg's devouring host had left in that rugged and sterile region no vestige of food for the Union army. To supply men and beasts with subsistence in that mountainous district was no easy task. After the railroad had been repaired to Stevenson, and the East Tennessee road to Bridgeport, and a considerable quantity of supplies accumulated at Stevenson, the army moved on toward Chattanooga. It

crossed the Tennessee river at Bridgeport and Shell Mound on September 8th, and the several corps pushed forward across high and steep mountains, to concentrate at Trenton, Ga., in the valley of Lookout creek, which runs northeasterly into the Tennessee just below Chattanooga.

Gen. Bragg was in a quandary. He could hold Chattanooga against an assault by Rosecrans' larger army, but if his communications should be cut off from his rear it would be only a question of time when his army would be starved into capitulation. To divide his forces, or to remain cooped up in Chattanooga, were both suicidal. To abandon Chattanooga was to evacuate the only remaining Confederate stronghold in Tennessee. He chose the latter, evacuated Chattanooga, and saved his army, what Pemberton attempted to do at Vicksburg when it was too late. Bragg retired southward into Georgia, posting his divisions along the highway from Gordon's Mill to Lafayette, facing Pigeon Mountain, through whose passes the Union army was expected to come from McLamore's Cave. Gen. Crittenden of Rosecrans' army took peaceful possession of Chattanooga, and, stationing a garrison there, pursued the enemy up along the East Chickamauga creek to Ringgold and Dalton. The rest of the Union army should, according to plans, pass through Dug Gap of Pigeon Mountain, and swoop down upon the enemy at Lafayette.

CONCENTRATION OF CONFEDERATE TROOPS, SEPTEMBER, 1863. While these preparations and movements were going on in the Union camp, Bragg was silently collecting around La