be landed in Texas-passage free; and that when arrived there they were to be at liberty to take up arms in defence of Texas or not. As the result, however, of an apparently studied design, on the part of Mehia, they were taken in at Tampico. Here they were induced, partly by the authority of Mehia, and partly by necessity, to arm and equip, and march on Tampico, with the defeated and taken prisoners. They appealed to the authorities, view of taking possession of that place. They were, however, the sun. The stalk and leaves are rough to the touch; upper leaves heart-shaped, lower ones divided into three lobes, serrated on the edges, and growing in pairs or long foot-stalks, opposite each other; the flowers in loose racemes; the male flower distinct, on branched peduncles; the female on peduncles, in hairs of the form of a strobilus or cone, composed of large imbricated calyces, containing one or two seeds. The scales of the strobilus are "forced to become the instruments of the infamous ambition of protesting their innocence, and declaring that they had been ovated, and of a yellow green. In botany there is treacherous and unprincipled men." They were shot as individbut one description of hop, " lupulus;" but the plant-uals who had capitally infringed the Mexican laws. As our ers divide it into different species, such as the gold-government was not responsible for their conduct, so it is not en, the Flanders, the red and white ruff, the white, bound to take cognizance of their fate. They went as private the oval, and the long square garlick; these all dif- citizens, in their individual capacity, and as such they suffered fer in colour, shape of their bells, quantity and time It was both their fault and their misfortune, and the only excepof bearing, and ripening. The golden hop brings tion to be taken to the Mexican proceeding is, that they did not the highest price in the market; this may perhaps make distinction between those who were leaders in the transarise from the care with which they are picked hop action and those who were unwillingly forced into it, if such they by hop, without being mixed with leaves." were. They have the merit of having met their fate with fortitude and resignation. He that has never known adversity, is but half acquainted with others, or with himself. Constant success shows us but one side of the world; for, as it surrounds us with friends, who will tell us only our merits, so it silences those enemies from whom alone we can learn our defects. When men of sense approve, the million are sure to follow; to be pleased, is to pay a compliment to their own taste. ITEMS OF INTELLIGENCE. Twenty-eight young men, nearly half of them Americans, were shot at Tampico, under the sentence of a military tribunal, on the 14th of December last, for an attack made by them on that place, in the night of the 15th of November preceding. From their own statement it would appear that they had sailed out of New Orleans under the direction of General Mehia, and were to INDIAN HOSTILITIES. The Seminole Indians have been ravaging a fair portion of East Florida, and attacking and murdering many of the inhabitants with an uncommon degree of barbarity. On the 28th of December last, a party of ten were attacked and five of them slain; among whom was the Indian agent, General Thompson. He received fifteen bullets, and all were scalped and shockingly mangled. On the 31st, a party of two hundred and twenty-seven white troops met a body of about three hundred Indians on the Withlacoochee river, and a sharp battle ensued. About forty Indians were killed, and many wounded; among the whites there were four killed and fifty-nine wounded. A special message of General Jackson, president of the United States, was transmitted to both houses of Congress, in relation to the French indemnification treaty, on the 10th of January. His language is: "It will be proper and sufficient to retaliate her present refusal to comply with her engagements, by prohibiting the introduction of French products and the entry of French vessels into our ports." THE TOMB OF WASHINGTON. leaves, furnishing the most appropriate drapery for MOUNT VERNON is situated on the western bank of such a place, and giving a still deeper impression to the Potomack river, in Virginia, about fifteen miles the memento mori. Interspersed among the rocks, below the city of Washington, and eight miles from and overhanging the tomb, is a copse of red-cedar; Alexandria. It rises about two hundred feet above but whether native or transplanted, is not stated. the surface of the river, and was designated Mount Its evergreen boughs present a fine contrast to the Vernon, in honour of Admiral Vernon, who conduct-hoary and leafless branches of the oak; and while ed an expedition against the Spaniards, in which the deciduous foliage of the latter indicates the Lawrence Washington served. Lawrence Wash- decay of the body, the eternal verdure of the former, ington was the brother of the president, and the original proprietor of this delightful seat. Mount Vernon subsequently passed into the hands of the general, who resided there with his family when retired from the publick service. There his ashes now repose, together with those of his wife and several relatives of his family. "The mansion in which Washington resided till his death," says Reynolds, "is a plain edifice of wood, cut in imitation of freestone, two stories high, surmounted by a cupola, and ninety-six feet in length, with a portico in the rear, overlooking the river, extending the whole length of the building. The central part of this edifice was erected by Lawrence Washington, who named it Mount Vernon; the two wings were afterwards added by the general, who caused the ground to be planted and beautified in the most tasteful manner. The house fronts northwest, looking on a beautiful lawn of five or six acres, with a serpentine walk around it, fringed with shrubbery and planted with poplars." The ancient family-vault, in which Washington's dust first reposed, was situated under the shade of a little grove of forest-trees, a short distance from the mansion-house, and near the brow of the precipitous bank of the river. Small and unadorned, this humble sepulchre stood in a most romantick spot, and could be distinctly seen by travellers, as they passed in boats and vessels p and down the river. Within two years, however, the ashes of the father of his country have been removed from that place, now designated by a white picket fence, to one near the corner of a beautiful enclosure, where the river is concealed from view. This site was selected by him during life, for a tomb, and is about two hundred yards southwest from the house, and about one hundred and fifty from the bank of the Potomack. "A more romantick and picturesque site for a tomb," says a late writer, can scarcely be imagined. Between it and the river Potomack is a curtain of forest-trees, covering the steep declivity to the water's edge, breaking the glare of the prospect, and yet affording glimpses of the river, even when the foliage is thickThe tomb is surrounded by several large native oaks, which are venerable by their years, and which annually strew the sepulchre with autumnal est. furnishes a beautiful emblem of the immortal spirit.” When Lafayette was last in the United States, he visited the tomb of his ancient friend and companion. That visit is thus touchingly described by M. Levasseur:-" As we approached, the door of the tomb was opened Lafayette descended alone into the vault, and a few minutes after he reappeared with his eyes overflowing with tears. He took his son and myself by the hand, and led us into the tomb, where, by a sign, he indicated the coffin of his paternal friend, alongside of which was that of his companion in life, united for ever to him in the grave. We knelt reverently near his coffin, which we respectfully saluted with our lips; rising, we threw ourselves into the arms of Lafayette, and mingled our tears with his." "Flow gently, Potomack! thou washest away When youth brush'd his cheek with her wing; THE FIVE SENSES. THE SENSE OF SIGHT. No. VI.-DIFFERENCES All the works of the creation are stamped with the characters of infinity. Each individual of the rying radiance, the generick type of endless spemighty whole stands as the focus of an ever-vacifick differences. This truth, as we are about to show, is prettily exemplified in the variety of forma and colours which the glorious Creator has bestowed state of our native land, these differences must have upon the human eye. In travelling from state to engaged the attention of the most unobserving. The varieties which these remarks present to our consideration, may be divided into those which are peculiar to nations. sexes, and trades, and are chiefly those which result from different modifications of colour and form. 1. NATIONAL DIFFERENCES. 1. COLOUR. The differences of eyes, as a nanected with the colours peculiar to the skin, and tional distinction, are found to be very closely conmay, by a very broad generalization, be thus classed :— 1. Nations composed of people with VERY WHITE skins, have usually BLUE EYES, gradating in some districts into all the varieties of GRAY. Persons with red hair have a greenish tinge upon the iris. Examples.-Germans, Danes, Swedes, Dutch, British, and Circassians. 2. Nations with WHITE Skins have usually BLACK eyes. Examples-French, Poles, and generally the inhabitants of lower Western Asia, and Northern Africa. 3. Nations with BROWNISH-WHITE skins usually have DEEP-HAZEL coloured eyes. Examples-Southern Europeans and Eastern Asiaticks. 4. Nations with OLIVE skins usually have BROWN or DULL-ORANGE coloured eyes. Examples.-Hottentots, Mongolians, and the tribes of Upper Asia. 5. Nations with RED or COPPER coloured skins usually have REDDISH-BROWN eyes. Examples.-Aboriginal Americans. 6. Nations with BROWN Skins usually have BLACKISH-BROWN eyes. Examples.-Malacca, and the islands of the InIdian and Pacifick oceans. 7. Nations with BLACK skins always have tensely BLACK eyes. in Examples.-The natives of Central Africa, New Holland, Van Diemen's Land, &c. 2. Form.-National differences of form do not admit of being so distinctly classed as those of colour; indeed, so little has been recorded on the subject, that we are only able to state a few brief particulars collected from the statements of travellers, who, it is to be regretted, very commonly pass over the natural history of the countries they visit, and confine their attention to the mouldering walls of perished cities, and the personal oddities of their journeys. | ly seated, and protrude but little. 3. The nature of the appendages.-These vary so much, that we can only point to a few examples. The European eyebrow is thick and shaggy; that of the negro, thin and narrow The eyelids of the former, light, and well-drawn asunder, exposing the ball, and giving an air of intelligence and generosity to the expres sion; those of the latter, large and heavy, particularly the upper one, which generally hangs half over the front of the eyeball, and very much debases the countenance. The inhabitants of snowy countries usually have large lids, which, from habit, are kept nearly closed. The Chinese have short lashes, with long openings to the lids. These, with a thousand little intermediate peculiarities, greatly influence the physiognomical character of nations, and, as we shall presently see, are also of great use in contributing to the formation of perfect vision under the peculiar circumstances of the countries in which they are found. II. SEXUAL DIFFERENCES. The eye of the male is, as might be expected, larger and bolder than that of the feinale, which is small, and delicately formed. The parts conne. ted with the former are also characterized by a greater thickness, as well as by numerous lesser variations. In the male, the eyelids are more muscular, with a harder skin than is possessed by the female, in which latter sex they have less energy, and greater smoothness. This imparts an air of great gentleness and timidity, with a degree of pensiveness, to the female eye, which beautifully distinguishes it from the bold and forcible expression of the same organ in man. The male brow is thicker, with a greater projection than in the female, owing to the increased size of the corrugator* muscles, which are so small in woman that she frowns with difficulty; the hairs of the brow are also thicker, coarser, and do not Differences of form in the eye may be reduced to lie close to the skin, as they do in the female. In those which depend on size, situation, and the na-man, the upper lid is more elevated, so as to appear ture of the appendages. 1. Size.-The eyes of the smaller; the fold is therefore larger, and nearer the temperate regions are usually large, and those of eyebrow than in woman. The openings between the cold and tropical climates small. The eyes of the eyelids are wider and rounder, the angles at the the European, the Moor, and the Kalmuck, may be corners are greater, and the margin of each is broadtaken as examples of the former; and those of the er. The eyelashes are thick, and not so fine. AdLaplanders, the Esquimaux, the Hindoos, and the ded to all this, the apparatus for secreting tears is Negroes, of the latter. 2. Situation.-This charac- less than in the woman, whose eyes are conseter regards the distance of the eyes apart, the obli- quently more humid, and upon whose lids the tear of quity of their position, and the depth of their inser-sensibility more often glitters. It is to this circumtion. The whole of the Mongolian tribes, as the Chinese, Japanese, Tartars, &c., have the eyes placed at a considerable distance asunder, and the space between them very broad and flat. This is a very distinctive mark, and gives an expression of great heaviness and vulgarity to the countenance. The Esquimaux face is similarly characterized. Savage nations have their eyes placed obliquely, ferences are sufficiently well marked and permanent and not at right angles, to the nose. This is particularly remarkable in the American Indians, the Bushmen of Southern Africa, and forms a very marked contrast to the horizontal eyes of Italy, or, upon the bodily frame would immediately remove indeed, to those of any civilized people. The exsuch an impression; for if it be allowed that a portremes of depth in the insertion of eyes may be ter grows more robust by the carriage of his loads, found in the Cossacks, Russians, Australians, Moors, the sailor's hand more broad and clenching who Jews, &c., which are very prominent, being placed sails in rougher seas, or the weaver's limbs more wan in shallow orbits, and in the Malays, Hottentots, * The corrugator muscles, are those which knit or corrugate Dutch, and American Indians, &c., which are deep stance the mildness and brilliancy of a woman's eye III. DIFFERENCES WHICH RESULT FROM THE PRACTICE OF It may be questioned by some, whether these dif to enable us to seize on any general characters for their indication. We think a moment's consideration of the effects which certain avocations have the brows. and wasted by his sedentary mode of life, we think mention, may have been, that each eye might be fitit must be readily granted that so delicate an organ, ted to the temperament and circumstances of the indias the eye will undergo similar changes, under simi- vidual. This is evidently true, as it regards nations, lar affections. But let us point to facts. and the inhabitants of peculiar districts; and if God has so ordered it in the major case, is it not more than probable that his ordination extends to the minor, and especially where a self-apparent necessity for it exists? We believe that it does. The intense blackness of the iris in a negro, by absorbing the sun's rays, prevents that delicate instrument from being burnt. His eyelids are larger and thicker than the European's, and placed so as to give the eye the appearance of being buried deeply in the skin of the face; the hair of his head and body is every where short and woolly, but the hair of his eyelashes is long and straight, for the obvious purpose, in connexion with the size of the lids, of shading the eye from the otherwise destructive brilliancy of the sun. For these reasons, and a thousand similar ones which we could adduce, we believe that the eyes of every man are especially adapted, by their own peculiarities, to meet his particular exigences, and to augment his joys. The eye of a watchmaker, or any minute mechanist, has usually a prying, piercing expression, but seems restless in the performance of long vision. An astronomer, or any one in the habitual use of optical instruments, commonly has one eye strong, and the other weak. This results from the habits such persons acquire of using one and the same eye continually, for their observations; and of directing their whole thoughts at the time to that one avenue of vision. The unused eye in this case becomes, in the course of time, half blind; and the symmetry of expression in the eyes is consequently destroyed. Sailors, from the constant usage of their sight to long distances, acquire a dull, flattened eyeball, and walk in the vicinity of near objects with a vacant apathetick look, which is very remarkable. Sweeps, engineers, pitmen, millers, and others whose professions oblige them to spend much of their time in the midst of dust, have very heavy lids, from the constant practice of keeping them half closed for defence; and a discoloured cornea, occasioned by the irritation of the blood-vessels with dust. Compositors and engravers usually have a full eyeball, with the orbicular muscles well devel- Extracted from a late publication, entitled, "An Excursion from Bidoped. The latter are remarkable for the strength of their eyes in old age, the effect of the constant and equal use to which all their parts are subjected. An industrious use of the eyes contributes much to the durability of their powers. Glassblowers have very protuberant eyes, while those of bakers are sunk and flat. The eyes of a soldier move with great quickness, the result of discipline, which shows itself as much in the private circle, as in the publick ranks. In this way we might multiply examples, but our limits permit us only to add another. The eye of the industrious farmer, refreshed by fields of living green, unsullied by the smoke of cities, free from the demoralizing traits of trading flattery, but too often deadened by ignorance and hereditary prejudice, offers to our view, in favourable cases, the organ in its best state, open, strong-sighted, expressive, and well defended. In conclusion, we have only to remark on what appears to be the designs of the all-wise God in causing this great diversity in the forms and colours of the human eye and its appendages. But here we know so little, that in attempting only to conjecture them, we are in danger of "darkening counsel by words without knowledge." The designs of God, like his "commandments," are so "exceeding broad," that in stating them we can scarcely avoid placing limits to his illimitable wisdom, and of giving one reason, where a million really exist. With this acknowledgment, we may venture to believe, that one object to be attained by these differences, was, that one man might be distinguished from another; for had all eyes been alike, one great source of personal identity would have been destroyed. Another obJeet may have been the perfection of human beauty, and the heightening of our enjoyment of it by the addition of interminable variety. The keenest appetite palls under sameness, and we all like our own possessions least-thus hath the Creator stooped to our indulgences. And a third reason, the last we shall THE INTREPID JURYMAN. mouth (in Devonshire) to Chester." BY THE REV. EDMUND BUTCHER. I cannot help congratulating our country upon the inestimable value of trial by jury: I have lately met with a proof of its excellence which ought not to be forgotten. A judge, on the northwest circuit in Ireland, tried a cause, in which much of the local consequence of a gentleman in the neighbourhood was implicated. It was a landlord's prosecution against one of his tenants, for assault and battery, committed on the person of the prosecutor by the defendant, in rescuing his only child, an innocent and beautiful girl, from personal violation. When the defendant was brought into court, the prosecutor also appeared, and swore to every fact laid down in the indictment. The poor defendant had no lawyer to tell his story-he, however, pleaded his own cause effectually, appealing to the judgment and the heart. The jury found him not guilty. The judge was enraged, and told the jury they must go back and reconsider the matter: adding, he was astonished at their giving such an infamous verdict. The jury bowed, went back, in a quarter of an hour returned, when the foreman, a venerable old man, thus addressed the bench: " My lord, in compliance with your desire, we went back to our room; but as we there found no reason to alter our opinions or our verdict, we return it to you, in the same words as before-not guilty. We heard your lordship's reproof; but we do not accept it as properly applying to us. Individually and in our private capacities, it is true, we are insignificant men; we claim nothing out of this box, above the common regard due to our humble, yet honest stations; but, my lord, assembled here as a jury, we cannot be insensible of the great importance of the office we now sustain. We feel glad that we are appointed, as you are, by the law and the constitution, not only to act impartially between the king and his subjects, |