...expression, omission, or concealment calculated to deceive another to his or her disadvantage; specif: a misrepresentation or concealment with reference...reasonably relied on by the other who is injured thereby b : the affirmative defense of having acted in response to a fraud 2 : the crime or tort of committing...

...another to his or her disadvantage. A misrepresentation or concealment with reference to some factual material to a transaction that is made with knowledge...reasonably relied on by the other who is injured thereby. The affirmative defense of having acted in response to a fraud. Hazard — A condition or situation...

...lawyer is protected from civil or criminal liability for a derogatory statement about a judge unless it is made "with knowledge of its falsity or in reckless disregard of whether it was false or true." Garrison v. Louisiana, 379 US 64 (1964) (district attorney's accusations...

...that the First Amendment limits the ability of the state to punish false speech unless such speech is made with knowledge of its falsity or in reckless disregard of the truth. The courts have generally applied the same principles to false campaign speech: speech can...