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The brackets denote suggestions of my own.

↑ Ch= kh. English ch represented by tsh. Former guttural Scotch ch in loch, &c.

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Kill

Raise, lift up Put down

Hear

Understand

Tell

Strike

Strike not

To strike

Striking
Stricken

I strike

I struck

I will strike

Having stricken

Ch= kh.

English ch represented by tsh.

Esh-t is absolutely the same with Ilayu ish-to, the t being the transitive sign! And morcover in Toda, as in Iáyu, this is active and passive! Sco burth-t stricken.

Present tense is used Present tense is used ná adike Former guttural Scotch ch in loch, &c.

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nósipe

I will see

The future is the same as the present tense in all these tongues

I sleep

voragape

made 1)

Thou sleepest

voragape

nidre maduti

He sleeps

Voragapo

nidre madutane

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• For omitted Pronouns, soe elsewhere.

(About the Passive, see Remarks.)

↑ Adverbs of time used to mark tense. I sleep yesterday I slept. I sleep to-morrow I will sleep.

kande

nidre madutine (sleep ná kada ke, na ka

nidre madutade

navella nidre maduteve

yengella nidre madu-
teve

nivella nidre nadu.
tiri

avarella nidre madu.

tare kondhakisutine

dandu kóge

ni kadandu kóndo

avanu kadandu
kónda
avlakadandu
avala kondala
adu kadandu kónda

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ná pátu kónde

madisutine

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English.

Toda.

Kota.

adu posso

Kurumba.

We two strike. Dual is the same as plural; adding only the numeral two after the pronoun instead of ella = all

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Badaga.

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avane puikapo avale posso

huiyutane

It strikes

burthtsti

huidada

huiyutale huiyutade

Dual

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ni adika

ava adika

avla adika

adu adika

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• For omitted Pronouns, sco elsewhere. ↑ Dual is not a separate form, but rendu = 2, is added after pronoun instead of ella, as Nam rendál adikeme, &c.

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