stick to one book, or, at all events, to a standard work, for getting up the whole field of the subject in detail, and a small book by way of revision. In the Real Property, and also in the Equity, as a rule, rather more is required than can be gathered from a single book. The questions in these papers occasionally assume a somewhat practical form, requiring rather the application of knowledge acquired than the mere knowledge of a theoretical work. For students who are in chambers, or reading privately with anyone, this is immaterial, as the law is placed before them in its practical shape. My remarks are directed to those who are reading alone, and all I can suggest their doing is this: to bear in mind that what they read is not to be learnt as a school book, but it is to be understood. Over and over again I have seen men count the pages in such and such a book: "114 pages to be got up," and so on. This is a most absurd way of setting to work with a subject like "law." It does not follow at all, because a book is long or short, the subject it deals with is the same. It may be extremely small, and yet replete with information; or long and spunout, with nothing at all in it. In a subject like law, it is its foundation and structure which is the bugbear to be grappled with. When a student has the principles grafted in his brain, and lying in his mind's eye like a map, however practical a question may be, he will be able to tell directly in what department of the subject the answer to it may be found. That is why older men (of whom there are so many nowadays coming to the Bar) have, as a rule, less difficulty with the Bar Examination than young men. They look at each question in a practical light, in the light of common sense; while often a younger man, if the question is not framed so that the answer can be found pat in the book he has been reading, considers it something he has never come across, and does not attempt to answer it. In fact, he does not recognise it in a new cloak; whereas, if he searched into the question he would penetrate its disguise. A student may with advantage sometimes supplement his reading by turning to books of reference and practise. Thus, in the Equity subject of Partnership (Mr. Pollock's being the work I suggest to read), he should look in Prideaux's Precedents to see the form of a Partnership Deed, or in Seton to see a Dissolution Decree-a question asked recently. This is not contradictory to my previous advice as to sticking to one book. What I mean is, not to-as men often will do-read two authors on precisely the same subject. Ascertaining the application of a theoretical work by reference to a practical work is totally different, and eminently useful. That which presents the most difficulty to Indians is the subject of Real Property, because, independently of being in itself intricate and uninteresting, the land laws of England are so widely different to those of India that, no matter whatever acquaintance the student may have with his own laws— though I have found in most cases that students come here without any previous knowledge of law in any shape or form -this must necessarily come upon him as something totally new. The fact that acquaintance with English real property law will be no subsequent benefit, also prevents the Indian student from attacking it con amore, and thus adds to the trouble he finds in mastering it. The books suggested by the Council of Legal Education for perusal are Williams's Real Property and Goodeve's Real Property, though the Examiners do not habitually confine themselves to the matter comprised in the works they suggest. But, however, if the student thoroughly understands either of themso as to be able to answer questions set, not straightforward, but in a searching and practical form-he is pretty sure to pass. I advise students to attack the text-books on English law in the same way as I have already suggested for the Roman law. Besides marking and underlining passages of importance in the text-book itself, and also such marginal notes as are not given sufficiently in full, the student should have a note-book, and take down headings and definitions. For example, take the subject of Life Estates. Williams's Real Property, c. 1: CH. 1.-AN ESTATE FOR LIFE. 1. Quantity-Peculiarities-What words confer it. i. For one's own life: For the life of another- (Pur autre vie) General occupant-1 Vic. c. 26, s. 3. Can he still exist? 6. Anne, c. 18. ii. Absolute. Determinable, as an estate" durante viduitate." iii. For one's natural life. Outlawry determines this. Civil life. 3. Incidents to a life estate : i. Committing waste-Definition of Timber. Legal, Voluntary, Permissive. iii. Statutes on waste Judicature Act, 1873, s. 25, subs. 3. iv. Leases-The power of a tenant for life to lease, Settled Estate Act, 1877, Settled Land Act, 1882 v. Emblements-What: (note their provisions.) Whether tenant for life can take them. 66 under-tenant of tenant for life can. Note 14 and 15 Vic. c. 25. vi. Apportionment of rent: (a) Common Law principle as to this. (B) Apportionment Act of 1870. vii. Powers given by recent Statutes to limited owners. The Drainage Acts. The Improvement of Land Act, 1864. The Settled Estates Act, 1877. The Settled Land Act, 1882. In this way, the whole work may be comprised in a notebook in a set of headings. Shortly before the examination, the note-book of headings should be revised, the student endeavouring to go through in memory the passages to which the headings relate; to refer to the book for those forgotten, and also to underline the latter; and once more, a day or two before going up, to traverse the underlined headings in the note-book only, so that in this way no portion of the book is omitted, and the passages previously forgotten are thus fresh on the memory. While reading the work, for practise, past examination questions should be answered, and the student should compose questions himself on the points under perusal, and then answer them, or go through some book of examination questions and answers. To acquire ease and rapidity in answering questions is of great importance. Frequently students know what an answer ought to be, yet, from want of practise, are unable to put it in a concise and intelligible shape; and as the time at the examination is limited, there is not much opportunity for thinking, revising, or re-writing. This remark applies with particular force to natives of India, who sometimes have difficulty in expressing their ideas freely in English, a foreign tongue to them; or, again, one may know the subject and the answer, and yet, from its shape, be unable to perceive or mistake its drift. Familiarity with the tenor of questions, and readiness to answer them, comes with experience and practise alone. Further, at the viva voce, where candidates are called before the Examiners, and verbal interrogatories submitted to them, the nervousness incident to such an ordeal as an examination, and the short time necessarily allotted to each person for answering, naturally tends to make him hesitate, and be unable to give a prompt reply. For those who are reading alone, the only advice I can give is, that two or three may combine and ask one another questions, and thus obtain familiarity with viva voce practise. The only objection to this is, that unless the questions are framed straight from matter found in a book, or from cases or statutes, they not being of a speculative form, there is no test as to the correctness of the answers. It is rather like the blind leading the blind. Personal Property should be read next. Personal and Real Property, in fact, form one paper. Williams is the book recommended. The Personal Property is not so hard as the Real Property, and there are fewer questions on it; besides, some portions of the book may be skimmed, if not entirely omitted. For instance, questions have rarely been asked on Bankruptcy, Arbitration, Company, or Shipping Law. The chapters on Contracts, Torts, Settlements, and Partnership come in conveniently useful as being an introduction to those subjects in the Common Law and Equity. Those portions relating to Settlements, Administrations, Sale, and the Law of Husband and Wife, should be most carefully attended to. The work named for the Common Law is Broom's Commentaries. It is best, of course, to adhere to the book given, though similar information will be found in any works on the same subjects. These subjects are four-Contract, Tort, Queen's Bench, Procedure and Criminal Law. Students need not be alarmed at the size of Broom's Commentaries. It is not so formidable as it looks; it is easy reading, replete with illustrations, and does not contain more matter than many books half its size. In the Equity branch, Trust and Partnership, there are at present no books noticed. Lewin is the leading work on the law of Trusts, and although so large, its arrangement is so admirable that the leading principles can be gathered and understood without elaborate perusal of the whole work. Should, however, a small work be preferred, there is one by Mr. Underhill, which contains about sufficient for the examination. But it would be better to use Lewin. On Partnership, the works are Lindley and Pollock. Lindley is, perhaps, too large for examination purposes. In Pollock, answers to most of the questions can generally be found. I should advise the perusal of the latter, with occasional reference to Lindley. The Equity subjects, however, change, and probably after January next some other branch of Equity may be substituted for Partnership. JOSEPH A. SHEARWOOD. (To be continued.) PHYSICAL TRAINING FOR INDIA. The following is a translation of a Gujerathi lecture on "Physical Education among the Parsees," in connection. with the Dnyan Pursanik Society, Bombay, on 3rd March, 1885, by Mr. Muncherjee Framjee Patell, B.A.: What is exercise? What are its advantages? Where is the necessity of undergoing it? These are questions on which the knowledge of the Parsees is very limited, and it is for this reason that I have availed myself of the present opportunity to place before you my ideas on the subject. I do not propose to treat it as a medical man would do, or as having read extensively on the subject, but in a practical manner. There is a difference of opinion, not only among our people in general, but even among our medical men, as to the desirability of taking exercise, and as to the best way of doing it. We know that many are in favour of sending boys to the gymnasium, the cricket field, the swimming bath, &c.; whilst others oppose the idea Some like one thing, and others another; but it is impossible to appreciate properly the advan |