TABLEAU GÉNÉRAL DE LA NAVIGATION DE L'AMÉRIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE. Vaif. Goë- Ton- Vaif-Goë- Vaif- Goë- Ton- Pour l'Afrique & le Pour l'Irlande & Ton- Vaif. Goë- The tenth and laft volume confifts entirely of general reflections on the following fubjects: religion, government, policy, war, naval affairs, commerce, agriculture, manufactures, population, taxes, public credit, the fine arts, philosophy, morals, and the effects of the discovery of America. In this part of the work, the Author unfolds his opinions at large, and without referve: and they are for the moft part fo ori ginal and curious, and often fo contrary to the notions which are commonly received, that there is no doubt of their engaging a very confiderable share of the public attention, and confequently, on fome future occafion paffing again under our infpection. This expectation, together with the great difficulty of making a felection from materials which are fo interefting throughout, induce us at prefent to content ourselves with a general notice of these volumes. To this edition of the Abbé Raynal's Hiftory is added, in quarto, an Atlas, drawn up on purpofe for the work, confifting of 49 maps; to which is prefixed a fuccinct analysis, explaining the maps, and enumerating the authorities on which they are conftructed. ART. XI. The following CORRESPONDENCE was intended for the Month of June, but came too late for Infertion. N ITALY. ATURAL hiftory, which is now become doubly interefting by its new alliance with chemistry and experimental philofophy, fees its votaries multiply daily, and is cultivated in Italy with unremitting ardour and fuccefs. A new production in this line has been lately published at Turin and Milan under the following title, Mineralogie Sicilienne, Docimaftique et Metallurgique, &c. i. e. Sicilian, docimaftic, and metallurgical mineralogy, or an account of all the minerals contained in the island of Sicily, with a circumftantial defcription of the mines and quarries, and a hiftory of all the works that have been carried on in them, both in ancient and modern times. To which is fubjoined, a Sicilian minero-hydrology, or a defcription of all the mineral waters of that ifland, together with 13 tables, containing the earths, ftones, falts, bitumens, metals, femi-metals, mineralizers, mineral waters hot and cold, which are known in Sicily. By the author of the Sicilian Lithology. 8vo. Price 5 French livres. 1782. Lettres fur la Sicile et fur l'Ile de Malte, &c. i. e. Letters concerning Sicily and the Ifle of Malta, written in the Years 1776 and 1777, by Count DE BORCH, Member of several Aca 2 vols 8vo. Thefe letters contain demies, to the Count C. of V. and defigned as a Supplement to Mr. Brydone's Travels in Sicily and Malta. Turin, 1782. Price 11 French livres. fome new inftruction; and Count BORCH has augmented the number of interesting obfervations made on this famous island by preceding travellers. This work is enriched with 27 plates, engraven by Mr. Chr. De l'Acqua, of Vicenza, an artift of the first rate; as alfo with three maps, which reprefent ancient and modern Sicily, and the environs of Mount Etna. All these plates and maps were engraven after the original drawings of Count BORCH, except the view of the temple of Juno-Lucina, at Agrigentum, which is executed after the draw. ing of Mr. Ph. Hockert, whofe productions are well known to the connoiffeurs. Opufcoli, &c. i. e. Phyfico-Chymical Treatifes (Opufcula), by M. LANDRIANI. 8vo. Milan, 1781. The Chevalier LAN DRIANI is an adept in experimental philofophy and chemistry, and has already given the public feveral proofs of his knowledge and talents in thefe combined walks of fcience. Of the five treatifes contained in the work before us, the firft exhibits an account of a machine invented by him, by means of which it may be known, at a fingle obfervation, how much rain has fallen in a day, as also the time and duration of its fall. The fecond contains a method of varnishing butterflies and other infects, in order to preferve their form and colours. The fubject of the third is the converfion of all acids into one. The Author undertakes to demonftrate, that all acids may be changed into fixed air, i. e. into aerial acid; and he concludes from thence, that the acid of fixed air ought to be confidered as the univerfal acid. The fourth treatise contains an account of all the difcoveries that have been hitherto made relative to that kind of fire which exifts in bodies, without giving any external mark of its prefence; this matter is illustrated by new experiments and obfervations. In the fifth and laft, M. LANDRIANI fhews, that dephlogifticated air may be obtained not only from the nitrous acid, but alfo from the vitriolic, marine, and arfenical acids. Lezioni, &c. i. e. Lectures on Disorders of the Eyes, for the Ufe of the New Univerfity, founded by the King of Naples, in the Hofpital for Incurables. By M. MICHAEL TROJA, Royal Profeffor in that Univerfity. 8vo. 403 Pages, with Two Plates. Naples, 1781.-The fixteen lectures, contained in this volume, are divided into three fections. The first treats of the anatomy of the eye, and of every part of it relative to vifion. The fecond, of the diforders incident to the external parts that furround the globe of the eye. The third, of the diforders of the eye itself, and of its various membranes. Nn 2 Rifleffioni, Rifeffioni, &c. i. e. Reflexions concerning the Inequality obferoable among Men. By the Marquis F. A. GRIMALDI. 3 vols. 8vo. Naples.-Thefe reflexions contain interefting materials for a hiftory of man, whofe inequalities on diffimilar afpects this noble author confiders with refpect to his phyfiat, moral, and civil ftate. He has been carefully on his guard against the illufion of fancy and fyftematic prejudices in this philofophical tablature of human nature, which discovers no common degree of fagacity, judgment and learning. By the Abbé Le SAROS Meteorologique, ox Effai d'un nouveau Cycle pour le retour des Saifons. i. e. The Meteorological SAROS, or an Effay concerning a new Cycle of Seafons. TOALDO, Profeffor of Aftronomy at Padua. 15 pages 4to. This very learned aftronomer, in the fecond edition of his meteorological effay on the influence of the heavenly bodies, mentioned a curious difcovery he had made of a period in the return of the feasons, or a ferics, at the end of which the fame temperature of seasons returns in regular revolutions. The illuftration and proofs of this difcovery are contained in the fhort Memoir before us. Saros is the denomination of a period, among the ancients, of which the real duration is unknown, but which fome authors fuppofe to have been the period of eighteen years, mentioned by Pliny and Ptolemy, which brings back the eclipfes and inequalities of the moon in the fame order, and was formerly employed to predict eclipfes. The Abbé TOALDO has found this period as important for the fcience of meteorology, as for that of aftronomy, as it has appeared to him to bring back, nearly in the fame order, dry and rainy, cold and warm years. This he proves by a table of obfervations, made from the year 1725 to 1781. The refemblance of the three periods, contained in this fpace of time is remarkable. In the period, for example, between 1743 and 1760, there are 68 lunations or months marked as very moift, and in the fucceeding period, from 1761 to 1778, there is exactly the fame number of months marked in the fame way. There are, indeed, fomewhat fewer lunations fo marked in the firft of the three periods contained in this table, and this might bring up to the remembrance of an objector the old proverb, that two fwallows de not make a fummer; our Abbé, however, tells us, that the first faras or period resembles the two others, notwithstanding this fmall difference. The months that are marked as moderately moift, correfpond nearly with each other in the three periods. Of 90 lunations taken from each period there are more than 30 that agree perfectly in all the three. Our Author has more than once obferved, that a ftorm, or a violent gust of wind has been re peated |