Years before Christ. 1st PERIOD. ANTIENT HISTORY, PROFANE. I. THE BABYLONIAN EMPIRE. 588 Nebuchadnezzar, called Labynites I. by Herodotus. 570 Amasis, King of Egypt.-Servius Tullius, 6th King of Rome, reigns 44 years. 566 Pisistratus, Tyrant of Athens. 564 Phalaris, Tyrant of Sicily. 562 Croesus, King of Lydia.—Solon, Legislator of Athens. 560 Cyrus, King of Persia and Media. 554 Anacharsis, the Scythian Traveller, returns home from Greece. 551 Confucius, the Chinese Philosopher, born. 548 Cyrus conquers Lydia, and all Asia Minor. 554 Pherecydes the Syrian, Preceptor of Pythagoras. Labynites II. last King of Babylon. Cyrus conquers the Babylonians, and puts an end to, The Chaldæan, or BABYLONIAN EMPIRE. II. THE PERSIAN EMPIRE. Years before Christ. ANTIENT HISTORY. 7th PERIOD. SACRED. RETURN OF THE JEWS FROM THE CAPTIVITY. 536 Zerubbabel, and Joshua, the High Priest, conduct the Jews to Palestine:-they begin to restore the Temple. 521 Haggai and Zechariah prophesy. 458 Ezra. 445 : Nehemiah Malachi, the last prophet, foretells the appearing of the Messiah in the New Temple. 33% Alexander, King of Macedon, enters Syria :-receives the submission of the Jews.-Dies, 324. 312 Seleucus Nicanor renders himself master of Babylon, and King of Syria:-Beginning of the Era of the Seleucides. The Hebrew Scriptures translated into Greek. 170 Jerusalem pillaged, and the nation persecuted, by Antio chus Epiphanes, who defiles the Temple. 166 Judas Maccabeus, and his family :-Their exploits, in resistance of Antiochus. The Jews form alliances with the Romans and Lacedemonians. 63 Jerusalem is taken by Pompey.-Julius Cæsar is greatly esteemed by the Jews: who incline to regard him as the predicted Founder of the Fourth Empire. 40 Herod is made King of Judah by the Romans. 18 Herod rebuilds or embellishes the Temple of Jerusalem. 1 John, the Baptist, born, the prophetic Elias, or immediate forerunner of the Messiah:-Judea taxed. THE BIRTH OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST. (Modern History commences.) Years before Christ. 2d PERIOD. ANTIENT HISTORY. PROFANE. 536 524 522 509 497 480 442 431 424 405 381 II. THE PERSIAN EMPIRE. ' Cyrus, King or Emperor of Persia.---Pythagoras---Anacreon. Herodotus, the most antient surviving Heathen Historian. Plato. Xenophon. Aristophanes. Critias, Eschines. Phædo. The Gauls, under Brennus, besiege Rome. Camillus, Dictator. Beginning of the intestine Wars in Greece. Epaminondas. 350 Philip, King of Macedon. Demosthenes. Aristotle. 378 346 Philip is admitted into the Amphyctionic Council: His ascendancy in Greece. Menander. Philemon. 336 Philip is killed by Pausanias: Is succeeded by his son, Alexander. Darius Codomanus, the last King of Persia, succeeds to Artax. Ochus, son of Mnemon. 333 324 3d Period. III. THE MACEDONIAN EMPIRE. Profane. Alexander, the Great, conquers Persia, and subverts its empire. Spreads the arms and language of Greece in Asia. Dies at Babylon. Ptolemy I. son of Lagus, King of Egypt. Zeno. Euclid. Berosus. Manetho. Epicurus. Lycophron. 1st Punic War; lasts 23 years. Apoll. Rhodins. Theocritus. 2d Punic War; 17 yrs. Hannibal. Archimedes. Ennius. Plautus. 149 3d Punic War; 3 yrs. Carthage destroyed by Scipio. 170. Terence. Jugurthan War. Metellus. Marius. 264 218 111 70 60 50 54 46 Terentius Varro, the most learned of the Romans, reforms the The first Triumvirate; Julius Cæsar, Pompey, and Crassus. Cato. He reforms the Calendar: the Julian era begins. Horace. Livy. 43 He is murdered, March 15. Octavius succeeds to his power. 2d Triumvirate. Propertius. Manilius. Ovid. Hyginus. A most splendid comet appeared, in the month of September, under the seven conspicuous stars of the Great Bear; to which a temple was raised in Rome. (Pliny.) 31 1 The Battle of Actium: Octavius, now Augustus, sole Emperor of the Greek and Roman World. He taxes the whole empire. IV. THE ROMAN EMPIRE. (Modern History commences.) Years after Christ. 1st PERIOD. MODERN HISTORY. RELIGIOUS. 1 BIRTH, OR FIRST ADVENT, OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST. 202 250 Jesus Christ enters upon His public ministry: is baptized. Appoints his Twelve Apostles. The fourth Passover celebrated by Christ: He institutes the commemorative rite of his Last Supper. His Crucifixion, Resurrection, and Ascension. The Descent of the H. Spirit. St. Stephen. St. Paul converted. Apostolic Fathers; Clement, Barnabas. Hermas. First Persecution, under Nero. St. Peter and St. Paul suffer martyrdom. Jerusalem destroyed, according to the prediction of our Lord. Second Persecution, under Domitian. St. John, the Evangelist, exiled to Patmos. St. John is shown the Vision, of the Seven Imperial Heads, sncceeded finally by an Imperial Carcase, of great, but transient, power. Third Persecution, under Trajan. St. Ignatius, Mart. Aquila, a Christian convert from Judaism, translates the Old Tes- St. Polycarp---167. St. Justin, suffer martyrdom. Clemens Alex. Tertullian. Fifth Persecution, under Severus. 235 Sixth Persecution, under Maximin. Seventh Persecution, under Decius. 257 Eighth Persecution, under Valerian. Ninth Persecution, under Aurelian Commencement of the Era of Dioclesian, or of the Martyrs. Arnobius, 272 284 302 323 *325 380 390 Many distinguished Romans are converted about this time. Origin of the Monastic life: a devotional retirement from persecution, and the Distractions of the Empire. St. Anthony, St. Hilarion, &c. Religious rites multiplied: Altars used. Pagan mysteries imitated. Tenth Persecution, under Dioclesian. Heresy of Arius. St. Athanasius. Lactantius. Christianity established in the Empire, by Constantine the Great. Eusebius. First General Council of Nice: Confirms the primitive Faith, and About this time a mystical reverence began to be paid to the THE EXTINCTION OF PAGANISM. 1 Aagustus Cæsar, Emperor.---2. Parthians defeated by Caius Cæsar. 11 Augustus associates Tiberius in the Empire. 14 Augustus dies at Nola, Aug. 19, æt. 76. Strabo. Phædrus. Tiberius, Emperor. Val.Max.Paterculus,Columella. 27 Pontius Pilate made Governor of Judea. Celsus. 37 Cains Caligula, Emperor. Philo Judæus. Seneca. Epictetus, Persius, Q.Curtius, Pliny. Lucan. Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian, Emps. Josephus, Silius Ital. Tacitus, Quintillian. Juvenal, Martial, Statius. Plutarch Suetonius, Florus. Arrian, Aristides. Appian, Aulus Gellius. Marcus Aurelius, L. Verus, Emps. Lucian, Maxim. Tyr. .41 Claudius, Emperor. 54 Nero, Emperor. 68 Galba, Emperor. 69 79 Titus, Emperor. 306 328 363 364 379 Pertinax, Emperor. Sept. Severus, Emperor. Caracalla, Geta, Emperors Heliogabulus, Emperor. Julius Pollux, Diogenes Laert. Athenæus, Solinus. Plotinus, Oppian. Ulpian, Elian. Dion Cassius, Herodian. Justin. Longinus, Porphyry, Stobæus, Constantine the Great, Emp. Iamblicus. Jul. Capitolinus.. Vopiscus. Servius. Eutropius. The seat of Empire removed from Rome to Constantinople. Julian, Emperor, vainly attempts to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem, in defiance of the Prophecy of Christ. Valentinian and Valens, Emperor: divide the Empire into West and East. Theodosius the Great, sole Emperor, reigns 16 years. 390. He prohibits the Pagan Religion. The Empire divided between his sons. 395 Honorius, Emp. of the West, or of ROME. 395. Arcadius, Emp. Final Establishm. of the GREEK, or second Head of Roman Empire. |