DATES 1790 1791 1792 Marathas on the 1st of June, by the Nizam on the 4th of July. 13th June. General Meadows opens the campaign 5th February. Lord Cornwallis marches to Vellore. 21st March. Takes Bangalore. 26th May. The English, on their retreat owing to disease, are joined by the Marathas,. July. The allies reach Bangalore 6th February. The allies storm the redoubts at Seringapatam. 9th March. Tipu signs treaty, by which he agrees to pay £3,300,900, and to give his two eldest sons as hostages Regular Civil Courts established in Bengal; Pondicherry and other French settlements taken for the third time. New charter for 20 years. Company to provide 300 tons of shipping for private traders Sons of Tipu restored to him The Dutch settlements in Ceylon, at Banda, Amboyna, Malacca, and the Cape taken. Cochin surrenders after a gallant defence Treaty with the Nizam, by which he agrees to disband his French Contingent and receive four battalions of English. 4th May. Seringapatam stormed, and Tipu slain. of Mysore between the Nizam and the English. Rajah of Tanjore, "by which he surrenders his power to the English, receiving a lakh of pagodas as pension, and one-fifth of the net revenue. "Sir J. Malcolm sails from Bombay as Ambassador to Persia 1799 The Nawab of Surat resigns his government for a pension of £10,000 per annum. Subsidiary Treaty with the Nizam, who gives up his share of Mysore in consideration of English protection 1793 1794 1795 1798 Partition Treaty SOME NATIVE TERMS USED IN THIS BOOK 1800 [A. signifies Arabic; H. Hindûstání or Hindí; K. Kanarese; Mal. Malayalam; M. Maráțhi; My. Malay; P. Persian; S. Sanscrit; Tel. Telugu; Tur. Turkish; T. Tamil.] AIKÁM, A. pl. of hukm, "orders." AMÍR (Ameer), A. "commander," a title of princes and nobles, as the Amírs of Sindh. ÁNÁ (Anna), H. the 16th part of a rupee. ANAKATT (Anikut), Tell. aḍda, "between," kaṭṭu, "to bind," a dam or embankment. AYAT, verse of the Koran. BABÚL, A. a tree of the acacia kind. BAHADUR, P. "brave," "chivalric," a title of honour among Mohammedans. BUNGALOW, H. a thatched house; the name usually applied to the houses of the English in India, and to the rest-houses for travellers built by Government on the public roads. BÁOLÍ, a well. BÁZÁR, P. a market or market-place; a street of shops. BEGAM (Begum), Tur. a lady of rank; a queen or princess. BHÁTÁ (Batta), H. additional allowance to public servants or soldiers employed on special duty. BRAHMAN, S. a Hindú of the first, or priestly caste. BUDDHIST, S. a worshipper of Buddh, or Sakya Muni, who died B.C. 543. CATAMARAN, T. kaṭṭu, "to bind," maram, "a tree," a log-raft on which the natives of Madras paddle through the surf. CHAITYA, S. a hall of assembly. CHAKRÁ, S. a discus; the quoit of Vishnu ; a wheel. CHAWADI, Tel. a native rest-house for travellers. CHOULTRIE, an English corruption of Chawadi, q.v. CHUNAM, S. an English corruption of H. chúná, from S. chúrnah, lime, a plaster or mortar sometimes made of shells of a remarkable whiteness and brilliance. COMPOUND, probably My. an enclosure. A corruption of the Malay word Kampong. DAGHOPA, DAGOBA, S. deh, "the body,” gup, “to hide," a circular structure inside Buddhistic cave temples, supposed to contain the ashes or relics of Buddha, and occupying the place of our altars. DAK, Post. Dak-Bungalow, a Rest-house for travellers. DARBÁR (Durbar), P. a royal court; an audience or levee; in Kattywar a chief. DHARAMSÁLÁ, S. dharma, "justice," "piety," and shálá, “a hall,” a place of accommodation for travellers and pilgrims. DÍWÁN, P. "aroyal court," "a minister," especially the chief financial minister. DROOG OF DRUG, S. an English corruption of druga, "a fort." DUBÁSH, do, "two," bháṣhá, "language, one who speaks two languages, an interpreter. DWÁRPÁL, a door-keeper. FAKÍR, A. “poor," a religious man, who has taken the vow of poverty. GHAT (Ghaut), S. ghaṭṭa, "a landing-place," mountain pass; any narrow passage. steps on a river side," a GOPURA, S. from gup, "to preserve," the gate of a Pagoda. GUMÁSHTAH, P. an agent. GUMBAZ, a cupola; a dome. HAMMÁL, A. à bearer of a palkí, in Bombay an indoor servant. HARÍM (Haram), a sanctuary; ladies' apartments. HAVALDAR, H. an officer in native regiments corresponding to our sergeant. Hóм, S. sacrifice. HUKKAH (Hookah), A. a water-pipe. HUZUR, A. the royal presence, a respectful term applied to high officials. JÁGÍR, P. a tenure by which the public revenues of an estate or district were granted to an individual, with powers to collect them, and administer the general affairs of the estate. JAM'ADÁR, A. a native officer next to a Șúbahdar, and corresponding to our lieutenant. KACHERI or KACHHARÍ, H.M. a court or office for public business. KALAMAH, the creed of Islám. KHÁN, A. a title of nobility answering to our "lord." KHANDI (Candy), M. a measure of weight and capacity: in Madras=5000 lbs.; in Bombay, 560 lbs. KHAS, special Khas Mahal Hall of special audience. KHIND, M. a narrow pass between mountains. KIL'ADÁR, A. the commander of a fort. KIMKHWAB (Kimcob), P. silk stuff interwoven with gold and silver thread. KOLÍS, M. a caste in the Konkan and Guzerat, who are fishermen, watermen, and used to be robbers. AM, T. a palace. A. a tomb. T. and Tur. a day labourer. rmer, an agricultural caste. LAKH (Lac), S. the number 100,000. LÁT or LÁTH, "a pillar;" ancient Hindú pillars on which inscriptions were set up in an old and obsolete character; also applied to that writing. MAHÁRS, M. a low caste in the Bombay Presidency. MÁLÁ, S. a garland. MAN (Maund), H. a weight, varying in different parts of India. In Bombay it is 25 lbs.; in Bengal, since 1883, 874 lbs. MANDAPAM, S. an open pavilion or porch in front of a temple. MASSULAH, T. a boat sewed together, used for crossing the surf at Madras. MIHRAB, the recess in the wall of a mosque-on the side nearest Mecca-to which Mohammedans turn at prayer. MIMBAR, the pulpit in a mosque. MONSOON, A. a corruption of the A. mausim, "a season;" applied now to the periodical rains in India which fall during the S.W. Monsoon. MORTT, T. a Toda village in the Nilgiri Hills. MUKWAR, T. a low caste in Malabar. MUNSHI (Moonshee), A. a writer; a secretary; a teacher of languages. NÁG, S. the cobra snake. NÁIK, S. an officer in native armies corresponding to a corporal; an ancient title. NÁUTCH, S. a dance; an exhibition of dancing-girls. NAWBAT KHÁNA, A. the guard-room; the chamber over a gateway, where a band is stationed. NAWAB, A. this word means lit. "deputies," being the plural of na'ib, "a deputy." It is now a title of governors and other high officials. NIADIS, Mah. an outcast tribe of Malabar. NIZÁM, A. an arranger; an administrator; a title of the prince whose capital is Haidarábád in the Deccan. NULLA, properly Nala, watercourse." PAGODA, P. an Anglican corruption of the P. word but-kadah, "an idol temple"; also a coin=3 rupees, called by the natives hún, but deriving its appellation of pagoda from its showing a temple on one face; there are other derivations. PAL-AL, T. the priests of the Toda tribe, lit. "milkmen." PÁLEGÁR (Polygar), T. Tel. a shareholder; a landed proprietor. A title of persons in the Madras Presidency who correspond to Zamindars in other parts of India. PALANQUEEN, H. an Anglican corruption of the word pálkí, a vehicle in which persons of rank are carried on men's shoulders. PÁN, S. the leaf of the betel creeper. PÁRSÍS, P. a caste who worship the Deity under the emblem, fire. PARWÁRÍS, H. people of low caste in W. India. PE-KOVIL, T. "devil-temple," a hut dedicated to the worship of the spirits of dead men. PEONS, from the Portuguese peao, Spanish peon, but sometimes thought an Anglican corruption of the H. word piyadah, "footman." PESHKÁRS, P. an agent. In Bengal, the native officer under a judge, next to the Sarishtadár in rank. PESHKASH, P. tribute; an offering from an inferior to a superior. PESHWA, P. the prime ministers of the Rájáhs of Sátárá; Brahmans who afterwards became the supreme chiefs of the Marátha nation. PÉTA, Tel. native town or suburb. Specially applied to a town subordinate to a fort. PHATEMÁR, M. lit. "a letter carrier," a fast-sailing vessel common on th coast of India. PHINS, T. the Tuda name for the stone circles on the Nilgiri Hills. PICE, H. a corruption of the word paisá, a copper coin, of which 64 go to a rupee. PÍR, P. old, a Mohammedan saint. RÁJÁH, S. a Hindû king or prince. RÁMOSÍS, S. a tribe in the Deccan, who are watchmen, and used to be robbers. RANÍ, S. the wife of a Rájáh; a queen or princess. RATH, S. a chariot. RISÁLAHDÁR, A. a native captain of a troop of horse. RYOT, A. an Anglican corruption of the A. word r'atyat, a subject, a peasant. ŞADR AMÍN, A. a native judge. SADR 'ADÁLAT, A. formerly the Supreme Court of Justice in India for trying appeals. SAHIB, A. lord; a title applied to English gentlemen in India. SAKTÍ, S. a goddess; the personified power of a deity. SARAÍ, a rest-house for travellers; a caravansarai. SATÍ (Suttee), S. the burning of a widow with her deceased husband. SHÁNÁRS, T. a tribe in Tinnevelly and the extreme S. of India, who are palmtree climbers by profession. SHANKH, S. a shell; the large shells which are blown as horns by the Hindús during religious ceremonies. SHOLA, T. a patch of jungle, a wooded dell. SHUDRA, S. the 4th or lowest caste of Hindús. SIPÁHÍ (Sepoy), P. a native soldier, one of a sipáh or army. SHIBANDÍ (Seebandy), M. an auxiliary; a soldier of a native auxiliary levy. ŞUBAH, A. a province. SÚBAHDÁR, A. a governor of a province; a native military officer corresponding to a captain. TAHSÍLDÁR, A. a native collector of revenue, who is also a magistrate. T'ALUK, or more properly ta'allukah, a district; a division of a province. TEPPA KULAM, South India, a tank surrounded by steps with usually a temple in the centre. TUDAS, T. a remarkable tribe on the Nilgiri Hills. TURBAT, A. a tomb. VÁZIR, A. a prime minister. VIHÁRA, S. a cell, an apartment in a monastery or cave. VIMÁNAH, S. a sacred vehicle or shrine. WÁV OR WÁO, a well with steps down to the water. WUTZ, K. Indian steel. ZAMÍNDÁR, P. a landed proprietor, a person who receives a percentage on Government rents. ZIAR, T. a low caste in Malabar. ZIL'A (Zillah), A. a province or tract, constituting the jurisdiction of a circuit judge. |