pusillanimous conduct was vainly com- | hill of Parbati (see below). The cantonbated by the gallant Hartley. Mr. ments at Poona and the Residency at Carnac sent Mr. Holmes to make terms the Sangam (or meeting of the rivers) with the enemy, and was not ashamed had been plundered and burnt on the 1st, afterwards to declare that he granted as soon as the English troops quitted the powers to that gentleman, under a them. One regiment of Major Ford's mental reservation that they were of brigade was at Dapuri, N. of Kirkee, no validity. The terms agreed upon and the total strength of the English, were that everything should be restored even when it joined, was, according to to the Marathas as held by them in Grant Duff, but 2800 rank and file, of 1773; that the committee should send which 800 were Europeans. an order to the Bengal column, advancing to their support, to halt; that the English share of Broach should be given to Sindia; and 41,000 rs. to his servants. However, as soon as the committee were safe down the ghats, they broke faith, by countermanding the order to the Bengal troops, though the Marathas held two hostages, Mr. Farmer and Lieut. Stewart, for the due performance of the treaty. For this disgraceful convention and retreat Col. Egerton, Col. Cockburn, and Mr. Car-him; and in order to facilitate the nac were dismissed the service, but Hartley was promoted to Lieut.-Col.

109 m. Chinchwad sta. The village has a picturesque appearance from the river-side. Above the handsome flight of stone steps which leads to the river Mula are many fine trees, but the temple is low and devoid of ornament.

Gokla commanded the Peshwa's army, and its advance is compared by Grant Duff, who was an eye-witness, to the rushing tide called the Bor in the Gulf of Cambay. It swept all before it, trampling down the hedges and fields of standing corn which then covered the plain. Colonel Burr, who commanded the English, was now in formed that Major Ford was advancing with his regiment, the Peshwa's own, from Dapuri on the W., to join

junction, he moved the main force to
a position about a mile in advance,
and to the S. W. of the village of
Kirkee. The Maratha leaders had been
tampering for some time with the regi-
ment that was moving from Dapuri,
and they fully expected it would come
over, as it was paid by the Peshwa.
A strong body of horse, therefore,
under Moro Dikshat, the prime minis-
ter of the Peshwa, advanced about 4
P. M. upon the Dapuri battalion, but
Major Ford, throwing back his right
wing, opened a heavy fire upon the
Marathas, both of musketry and from
three small guns commanded by Captain
Thew. A good many Marathas fell,
and among them Moro Dikshat. In
the meantime, Gokla had organised
an attack on the left flank of the Eng-
lish main force, and this was led by a
regular battalion commanded by a
Portuguese named De Pento; and,
after his discomfiture, a select body of
6000 horse, with the Jari Patka, or
golden pennon, flying at their head,
charged the 7th N.I. as they were
Gokla's
horse was wounded in this charge,
his advance was stopped; but
were other gallant leaders,
Naru Pant Apte and Mal

116 m. Kirkee sta. is only 33 m.
from Poona, and may be considered
part of the same station. It is inter-
esting as being the scene of a splendid
victory over Baji Rao, the last Peshwa.
On the 1st of November 1817 the dis-
positions of that prince had become so
threatening, that Mr. Elphinstone,
then Resident at Poona, determined to
remove the troops from the cantonment
of that place to Kirkee, where, on the
5th, they took up a good position to the
east of an eminence, on which stands
the village of Kirkee, and where the
stores and ammunition were stationed.
In the rear of the troops was the river
Mula, and from the S. and W. advanced
the masses of the Peshwa's army, amount-pursuing De Pento's men.
ing to 8000 foot, 18,000 horse, and 14
guns,1 besides a reserve of 5000 horse and
2000 foot with the Peshwa, at the sacred
1 Grant Duff, vol. iii. p. 427.

Rastia; and it was well for the Sepoys | broad at this spot. On the rt. of the that a swamp in their front checked road is an old English cemetery, and, the charge of the Marathas, whose on the 1., about 300 yds. to the N., horsemen rolled headlong over one is the New Burial Ground. After another in the deep slough. As it was, crossing the Mula, the road passes on some cut their way through the Sepoy the rt. the tomb of Khande Rao battalion ; but, instead of turning Holkar, and on the 1. are the Sappers' back, when they might have destroyed and Miners' Lines, and after them the the regiment, they rode off to plunder Deccan College and the lines of the the village of Kirkee, whence they 28th Pioneers, rt. Beyond these are were repulsed by a fire of grape. After the Jamshidji Bund, the Fitzgerald this charge, the Marathas drew off Bridge, and the Bund Gardens (for all with a total loss of about 500 men, of which see below under Poona). while that of the English was but 86. On the 13th General Smith's army arrived from Sirur, and the Peshwa, after a slight resistance, put his army to full retreat. The most remarkable point in the battle of Kirkee is, perhaps, the extraordinary steadiness of Major Ford's regiment under great temptation. In it were upwards of 70 Marathas, yet not a man deserted on the day of battle, though promised vast sums to join their countrymen. After the action, the Marathas, but only the Marathas, joined the enemy, and many of them being subsequently captured, their culpability, such as it was, was very properly ignored, and they were set free.

Kirkee is the headquarters of the Bombay Artillery.m. N.E. of the barracks is the Small Arms Ammunition Factory, and to the N. are the Powder Works (permission to enter both must be obtained from the Commandant of the Artillery).

The Government House is at Ganesh Khind, 1 m. S. W. of Kirkee rly. sta., and 34 m. N. W. of the city of Poona. It derives its name from a small khind or pass between hills, about 2 m. S. E.of the house, which resembles a modern French chateau, and has a tall slim tower, 80 ft. high, from the top of which there is a fine view-Kirkee, with its powder works, and the Deccan College, and Parbati Hill to the S.E. house contains the usual reception rooms, a ballroom, darbar-room, etc., and has a flower gallery or garden corridor 90 ft. long. The woodwork of the staircase is very beautiful.

The

we

119 m. POONA✶ junc. sta. of the G.I.P. and S. Maratha Rlys. (see Rte. 23). The rly. sta. is conveniently situated between the city and the cantonment, and close to the most important public offices. Poona is the residence of the Governor of Bombay during the rainy season. It is the headquarters of the Bombay army, and the ancient capital of the Marathas. The pop. of Poona is 160,460. The first mention have of Poona is in the Maratha annals of 1599 A.D., when the parganahs of Poona and Supa were made over to Malaji Bhonsle (grandfather of Shivaji) by the Nizam Shahi Government. In 1750 it became the Maratha capital under Balaji Baji Rao. In 1763 it was plundered and destroyed by Nizam 'Ali, and here, on the 25th of October, Jeswant Rao Holkar defeated the comOne of the most interesting spots at bined armies of the Peshwa and Sindia, Kirkee, passed on the road to Poona, and captured all the guns, baggage, is Holkar's Bridge over the Mula river, and stores of the latter. The city a stream which skirts Kirkee to the stands in a somewhat treeless plain on S. E. and N. The river is 200 yds. | the right of the Muta river, a little

Christ Church, Kirkee, in the Artillery Lines, was consecrated in 1841. There are two Colours of the 23d Regt. Bombay N.I. inside the W. door. Amongst the memorial tablets is one to 30 officers of the 14th King's Light Dragoons, who died or were killed between 1841 and 1859; and another to 90 non-commissioned officers of the same regiment.

N. E. of the Artillery Mess is St. Vincent De Paul's Roman Catholic Chapel.

before it joins the Mula. At its ex-ing the Arsenal to St. Mary's Church, treme S. limit is the hill of Parbati, consecrated by Bishop Heber in 1825. so called from a celebrated temple to Here are buried many officers of disthe goddess Durga, or Parbati on its tinction, and the tablets on the walls summit (see below). A few m. to the recall stirring incidents in the history E. and N. E. are the hills which lead of India. The Font in the S.W. corner up to the still higher tableland in the of the church is surrounded by stained direction of Satara. The station is glass windows. healthy and the climate pleasant. The Aqueduct was built by one of the Rastias, a family of great distinction amongst the Marathas. There are also extensive waterworks, constructed by Sir Jamshidji Jijibhai, which cost upwards of £20,000. Of this sum the Parsi baronet contributed £17,500.

The Assembly Rooms or Gymkhana is a large building and contains a handsome ballroom, with a stage at one end for theatricals; and the United Service Library, which possesses a good selection of books. In the grounds of the building are lawn-tennis courts, a covered Badminton court, and a good cricket ground.

Near the Assembly Rooms, on the road to the Bund Gardens, is the Council Hall, containing a few pictures of some interest if not of high artistic merit, amongst which are Sir B. Frere, Lady Frere, Khan Bahadur Padamji Pestanji, Khan Bahadur Naushirwanji, Lord Napier of Magdala, Khan Bahadur Pestanji Sorabji, Framji Patel, the Crown Prince of Travancore, Sir Mangaldas Nathubhai, Dr. Bhau Daji, the Rajah of Kochin, Sir Salar Jang, the Thakors of Bhaunagar and Morvi, and Khande Rao Gaekwar.

St. Paul's Church has four stained glass windows at the E. end.

E. of the Church are the General Parade Ground and Race-course, the latter included in the former, and about 1 m. long. The races are generally run in September. Close to it are the Gymnasium, St. Andrew's Church, and the Masonic Lodge, and to the N. are the Ghoripuri European Barracks. To the S. are the Wanawri Barracks.

The Society of St. John the Evangelist has a native Mission at Poona; the mission-house is at Panch Howds, Vetal Peit. There are schools for boys of various classes, an Industrial School, an Orphanage, and a School for Catechists.

The Sisters of St. Mary the Virgin (Wantage) have also their mission-house at Panch Howds, and in the compound the Epiphany School for high class native girls, and St. Michael's School for low class girls. The sisters have also under their charge St. Mary's High School for European and Eurasian girls (self-supporting). A village school at Parbeti 1 m. from Poona, and another at Gerandaona a little farther off.

The Sangam is the name given to the tongue of land at the confluence of the Muta river flowing from the S. with the Mula river coming from the N. W.; it is perhaps the most central spot of the combined city and cantonments. Upon it are several temples, and from it are pleasant views of the river.

The Wellesley Bridge, 482 ft. long, and 28 ft. broad, crosses the Muta

The Sassoon Hospital (nursed by the Wantage sisters), in the Gothic style, is at the end of the Arsenal Road. There is accommodation for 150 patients of all classes and nationalities. Opposite the hospital are the Collec-river to the Sangam promontory, close tor's Cutcherry and the Government Treasury. About 250 yds. S. of St. Paul's Church is the Jews' Synagogue, a red-brick building with a tower 90 ft. high, consecrated 29th September 1867. David Sassoon's tomb adjoins the synagogue, which was built by him. The mausoleum is 16 ft. sq. and 28 ft. high.

It is a drive of 1 m. to the S. E. pass

to its confluence with the Mula. It takes the place of a wooden bridge erected to commemorate the victories of the Duke of Wellington in India. The present bridge, designed by Col. A. U. H. Finch, R. E., cost 110,932 rs., and was opened in 1875.

On the 1. hand, after crossing the Wellesley Bridge, are the Poona Engin