c. Other transitives seem to govern sometimes two objectives in apposition; as," They proclaimed him (by the title of) king.”

390. a. Intransitives do not admit an objective after them, but are connected with a noun or pronoun by a preposition; as, "I go on a journey."

C. "He resided many years," &c.; that is, "during many years."

d. Some Intransitives govern an objective of words having a kindred meaning; as, “ He lived a virtuous life.”

e. Some verbs are sometimes transitive and sometimes intransitive; in such cases the sense will determine.

Errors to be corrected.-387. You are the friend who I esteem, who I revere, who I sincerely wish to serve. Take care who you admit into your friendship. He, who you accuse in such violent terms, I declare and maintain to be innocent. He, who you ignorantly worship, declare I unto you. I will not desert ye, I will not give ye up a prey to the enemy. Who do you see on the other side of the river? Who are you seeking? He, who is weak, receive. He invited my brother and I to examine his library. Whatever others do, let thee and I act wisely.

388. He shall not want for encouragement. We can by no means allow of these liberties. Accusations like these do not

diminish from his merits.

389. Questions to be answered. What verbs are followed by two objective cases? Are both these cases governed the verb? How may the following sentences be varied to suit the dignified style? He was taught music; I was allowed great liberty; He was denied the request; We were told a long story.

390. a. He will one day repent him of doing these things. The popular lords did not fail to enlarge themselves on the subject. I think it by no means a fit and decent thing to vie charities. d. Question: When do intransitive verbs govern an objective case?

Directions. 1. Study the Lesson. 2. Ans. Quest. 3. Correct the Exercises. Rule 11. Government of Verbs.

391. Intransitive verbs do not admit the passive form; thus, are swerved, was amounted, should be, have swerved, had amounted.

392. The verb to be and passive verbs of naming have the same case after them as they have before them; as "I am he;' "I understood it to be them;" "Homer has been styled the prince of poets."

"Whom do you fancy him to be ?" that is, " You fancy him to be whom?" 393. Verbs pussive are joined to their agents by the preposition by; ; as, "He was instructed by Thomas."

394. Quest. Quote the obs. on the exp. "She was to blame." "A house to let.”

Errors to be corrected.-391. This person was entered into a conspiracy against his master. Fifty men are deserted from the army. He was entered into the connexion, before the consequences were considered. The influence of his corrupt example

was then entirely ceased. The commissioners being come. Being at length entered the senate house. The sun was risen upon the earth when Lot entered Zoar. The pine-apple is the most delicious fruit that has grown.

392. It is him who has produced that mischief. If I were him, I would be more cautious. I always understood it to be he that wrote the book. Can you believe that it was her who made that noise? Whom do they say that I am? Who do you think him to be? We know it to be they. Be not afraid, it is me.

393. The queen was accompanied with the state officers of the crown. They were overwhelmed with a shower of stones. Many are apt to be dazzled with too much splendour.

Promiscuous Exercises on Rule 11.-387 to 394.

Errors to be corrected. He and they we know, but who are you? He who committed the offence, you should correct, not I who am innocent. They approached themselves nearer the summit of their wishes. And when he was entered into a ship, his disciples followed him. Whom do the people say that we are? Who did they entertain so freely? She that is idle and mischievous, reprove sharply. Let thou and me unite to oppose this growing evil. It seems to have been him who conducted himself so well. I shall premise with two or three general observations. If such has been his conduct, what has become of his virtue? Whom, you all know, are honourable men. While I live, he shall never want for a friend. I believe it to have been they. He being set out, we must hasten to depart. I into foreign realms my fate conveys. The temptation was delicate to a prince, whom, without doubt, did not want ambition. We cannot allow of his remaining behind. These works are greatly corrupted with the interpolations of ignorant critics.

Exercise 63.-LESSON 63.-p. 121.

Directions. 1. Study the Lesson. 2. Ans. Quest. 3. Correct the Exercises.

Rule 12. The Subjunctive Mood.

395. a. Every verb, implying condition, supposition, or uncertainty, and preceded by a conj., exp. or und., is in the subj. mood. b. When the sense is positive and absolute, the verb is not in the subjunctive mood, though it may be preceded by a conjunction. c. In the subjunctive, as in every other mood, the verb must be in the present, past, or future tense, according to the sense implied.

396. a. In the Present Tense, a doubt, condition, or uncertainty, is implied, respecting something that may or may not exist at the time of speaking: "If the man is poor;" that is "either he is or he is not poor.'

b. The Past Tenses represent a conditional past fact, but of which the speaker is uncertain; as, "If the bill was presented, it was doubtless paid.",

c. The Suppositional Tense implies futurity; as, "If he were present, he would concur with me;" that is, he is now absent.

d. The Future Tense denotes a contingent future event; thus, "If thy son ask bread, wilt thou give him a stone ?" that is, if thy son shall or should ask, &c.

e. The more general form of the Subjunctive Future is the employment of the verb without auxiliaries. In such instances, the verb undergoes no variation in any of the persons; thus, "If I go, if thou go, if he go." But when the auxiliaries shall, should, would, could, &c. are employed, they must be varied precisely as in the Indicative; thus, "If I should go; if thou shouldst go; if he should go," &c. - The other auxiliaries do, did, am, was, have, had, are varied in the same manner in their respective tenses; thus, Pres. "If he does trifle ; "Fut." If he do trifle," or rather, "If he trifle." Pres. "If he does write." Past," If thou didst write," &c.

f. The principal conjunctions implying condition, &c. are if, though, unless, lest.

g. Lest and that, following a command, and if followed by but, always require the Subjunctive Future.

Errors to be corrected.

-395. a. If he do sincerely believe the truths of religion, let him act accordingly. No one engages in that business, unless he aim at reputation, or hopes for some advantage. b. Though he be high, he has respect to the lowly.

c. If thou had succeeded, perhaps thou wouldst not be the happier for it. If thou did reject him, thou wast culpable. Was I Parmenio, I would act differently. Despise not any condition, lest it happens to be your own. Though thou will not acknowledge, thou canst not deny the fact. Though he was thy friend, he would not defend thy conduct. If thou may share in his labours, be thankful and do it cheerfully. If thou would improve in knowledge, be diligent. I shall walk in the fields to-day unless it rains. Take care that thou breakest not any of the established rules.

Promiscuous Exercises on the whole Rule.

Errors to be corrected.-If he speak only to display his abilities, he is unworthy of attention. Unless he learns faster, he will be no scholar. As the governess were present, the children behaved properly. Remember what thou wert, and be humble. Though I was perfect, yet would I not presume. Though thou did injure him, he harbours no resentment. If thou gave liberally, thou wilt receive a liberal reward. He enlarged on those dangers, that thou should avoid them.

And if the night have gather'd ought of evil, or conceal'd,
Disperse it, as now light dispels the dark.

If William desire to gain esteem and love, he does not employ the proper means. Though self-control produce some uneasiness, it is light when compared with the pain of vicious indulgence. If he have promised, he must be faithful to his engagement. If thou be in the fields and beholdest the clear blue sky; if thou be looking at the grand and beautiful spectacle of creation, and art delighted with the lovely scene, ought not thy thoughts to rise to the great First Cause, with the highest admiration, with the deepest reverence, and with the warmest gratitude?

Exercise 64.-LESSON 64.- p. 123.

Directions. 1. Study the Lesson. 2. Ans. Quest. 3. Correct the Exercises.

Rule 13. The Infinitive Mood.

397. a. When two verbs come together, the latter must be in the Infinitive Mood, when it denotes the object of the former; as, Study to improve."

66

b. When the latter verb denotes the end or something remote, the words for, or in order to, are understood.-c. The infinitive is frequently governed by adjectives, substantives, and participles, a preposition being understood; thus, "Eager to learn," that is, "for to learn."-d. The Infinitive sometimes follows as and ought; as, "So high as to be invisible." The Infinitive is sometimes put absolutely; as, " To play is pleasant."-e. The Infinitive must not be used for a nominative and its verb.

398. a. The verbs behold, bid, dare (neuter), feel, hear, let, make, need, observe, perceive, and see, require an infinitive without to prefixed; as, "I bade him do it."

b. But in the passive, the same verbs, except let, require the infinitive, with the sign to generally prefixed; as, "He was bid to go."

c. Have, when a principal verb, generally requires to; as, "He had to send."-d. Dare, when transitive, has the infinitive with to; as, "He dares him to breathe upon it." Also, the emphatic form of dare intransitive is followed by to; as, "He did not dare to come."-e. Need, when transitive, is regular; as, "A man needs, needed prudence." When intransitive, it is formed like an auxiliary and is followed by a verb, without the prefix to; as "He need go no farther."

399. Instead of the infinitive, the present participle is often used after begin, behold, feel, find, hear, mark, observe, perceive, purpose, see, and watch.

The Infinitive denotes the simple fact; the participle, continuance.

400. Verbs of affirming, believing, denying, doubting, discovering, knowing, supposing, thinking, wishing, and some verbs denoting the operations of the senses, prefer the word that with a personal verb and its nominative; thus, instead of saying, "I know him to be a scholar;" we can say, "I know that he is a scholar."

Errors to be corrected.-397. God wills not a sinner die. We ought not act hastily. Endeavour improve. It is better forgive an injury, than perpetuate a quarrel. It is so excellent, as deserve my warmest commendation.

e. May we always act uprightly, to do that which conscience approves. What went ye out for to see? We should not be like many persons, to depreciate the virtues they do not possess.

398. a. He needs not to make such a noise. I feel pangs of grief, and emotions of sorrow, to seize my heart. How delightful to behold a young man to resist the allurements of vice, to despise the voice of flattery, and to cheerfully obey the call of duty! We heard the thunder to roll.

b. They have been bid go. She has been made observe. They have been heard say. He will be seen prosper.

399. Questions to be answered. After what verbs is the present participle

Vary the following expressions:

They heard him remark;

He observed him do it; They beheld him run about.

400. Question. After what verbs is the word that, followed by a finite verb and its nominative case, used instead of the infinitive mood?

Vary the following sentences: — -We wish him to study; You believed him to be industrious; He regrets to have consulted him so late; He denied it to be an error. He is said to have written a poem. Bills are requested to be paid half-yearly.

Promiscuous Exercises on the whole rule.-We saw the lightning to flash. They acted with so much reserve, that some persons doubted them to be sincere. It is the difference of their conduct which makes us to approve the one, and to reject the other. I knew him to attend public meetings. He was seen paint with great attention. Night bids us to rest. He dares not to assert it. He found him to idle about. I perceive him to climb the wall. It is better live on a little, than outlive a great deal. He will one day wish to have written to him sooner.

Directions. 1. Study the Lesson. 2. Ans. Quest. 3. Correct the Exercises.

Rule 14. The Use of the Tenses.

401. In the use of the Tenses, care must be taken to use that tense which properly conveys the sense intended, whether of present, past, or future time.

d. Had, signifying possession, must not be employed for would; thus, “I had rather do it," should be, "I would rather do it." "Be that as it will," should be," Be that as it may."-e. In the beginning of a sentence, the abbreviated Subjunctive is neater than the full form; thus, "Were there no difference," is more general than, "If there were no difference."

402. a. An immutable truth must be expressed in the present tense, though quoted with a past observation.

b. But when the thing asserted is not always the same, a past tense must be used to denote past time; and a present to denote a present time.

403. a. The Perfect Participle, and not the past tense, is used after the tenses of the verbs have and be.

b. The perfect participle must not be used for the past tense.

404. When the indicative present is used after the words when, till, before, as soon as, after, the relative time of a future action is denoted.

b. The perfect is used after the same words, when the completion of a future action is intended; as, "Till he has felt the pangs of poverty he will never improve."