nessee deeply moved the commanding general. The persecutions from the rebel element were of every conceivable form. "They were thrown into filthy prisons; they had been hung or shot; tied to logs and whipped to death; their houses plundered and burned over their heads; husbands murdered before their wives and children; or, escaping this, they had fled to caves to die by starvation, or to be fed by the hand of charity." Everything that the "barbarism of slavery" could devise to force the people into support of the Rebellion was done. They had from the first protested against secession and proved loyal to the Union through all their sufferings. General Grant determined to put a stop to this style of warfare, and issued the following order, which he saw was executed to the letter whenever opportunity offered.

HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, IN THE FIELD, CHATTANOOGA, TENN., November 5, 1863. } [General Orders No. 4.]

The habit of raiding parties of rebel cavalry visiting towns, villages and farms where there are no Federal forces, and pillaging Union samilies, having become prevalent, department commanders will take im. mediate steps to stop the evil, or make the loss by such raids fall upon secessionists and secession sympathizers in the neighborhood where such acts are committed. For every act of violence to the person of an unarmed Union citizen, a secessionist will be arrested and held as hostage for the delivery of the offender. For every dollar's worth of property taken from such citizens, or destroyed by raiders, an assessment will be made upon secessionists of the neighborhood, and collected by the nearest military forces, under the supervision of the commander thereof, and the amount thus collected paid over to the sufferers. When such assessments cannot be collected in money, property useful to the government may be taken at a fair valuation, and the amount paid in money by a disbursing officer of the government, who will take such property upon his returns. Wealthy secession citizens will be assessed in money and provisions for the support f. Union refugees who have been and may be driven from their homes

and into our lines by the acts of those with whom secession citizens are in sympathy. All collections and payments under this order will be through disbursing officers of the government, whose accounts must show all money and property received under it, and how disposed of. By order of

T. S. BOWERS, A. A. G.

Major-General U. S. GRANT.

The commanding General fully realized the exigence, and needed no urging. Every nerve of energy was strained to its utmost tension. To reinforce Burnside was impossible, even if they could have been spared, for there was no means of supplying them with food. From all portions of the East and Southeast rebel forces were being hurried forward to Longstreet; few believed that he would be able to withstand the assaults that would be made upon him. Grant never wavered in his confidence in the soldierly qualities of Burnside, and believed that he would maintain his position until relief should come.

General Badeau in his "Military History of General Grant," in speaking of the measures adopted for Burnside's relief, says:

"The continent shook with the tramp of advancing armies. Bridges were built in Eastern cities for these soldiers to march over. Engines were brought from Western towns to transport their supplies. The greatest rivers of the Republic, the Tennessee and the Cumberland, the Mississippi and the Ohio, were crowded with steamers bringing clothes and shoes to those who were wearing out their garments in mighty marches, and ammunition and food to replace what had already been expended in the campaigns for Chattanooga.

"Over half the territory in rebellion, through these great mountain ranges and by the side of these rushing streams, along the desolated cornfields and amid the startled recesses of the primeval forests, the bustle and the stir of war were rife. Two hundred thousand soldiers were concentrating from the East and the West, either in motion for this one battle-field, or guarding its approaches, or bringing up supplies, or waiting anxiously for those who were, with them, to fight the battle of Chattanooga. And over all these preparation and all these armies, the spirit of one man was dominant."

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CHAPTER X.

BATTLES OF MISSIONARY RIDGE AND LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN.

On the 13th of November the head of General Sherman's Corps arrived at Bridgeport, its commander immediately visiting Grant at Chattanooga. The addition of this "fighting corps" to the Union forces removed all anxiety from the mind of Grant; and he was in condition to deliver a stuning blow to the enemy, who had made the fatal mistake of detaching the veteran corps of Longstreet with its able commander to attack Burnside, and take Knoxville. Nothing could have proved more satisfactory to Grant, and it

AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE.

was impossible for him to wholly conceal his joy. Burnside had been warned as early as November 5, by Grant, as follows: "I will endeavor, from here, to bring the enemy back from your right flank as soon as possible. Should you discover him leaving, you should annoy him all you can with in your cavalry, and

fact, with all the troops you can bring to bear. Sherman's advance will be at Bridgeport about Monday next.

Whether Thomas makes any demonstration before his arrival, will depend upon advices of the enemy's movements."

the

On the 7th he issued the following order to General Thomas: "The news is of such a nature that it becomes an imperative duty for your force to draw the attention of enemy from Burnside to your own front. I deem the best movement to attack the enemy, to be an attack on the northern end of Missionary Ridge, with all the force you can bring to bear against it; and, when that is carried, to threaten and even attack, if possible, the enemy's line of communication between Dalton and Cleveland. Rations should be ready to issue a sufficiency to last four days the moment Missionary Ridge is in our possession; rations to be carried in haversacks. Where there are not horses to move the artillery, mules must be taken from teams, or horses from ambulances; or, if necessary, officers dismounted, and their horses taken. Immediate preparations should be made to carry these directions into execution. The movement should not be made a moment later than to-morrow morning."

On the same day he said to Burnside: "I have ordered an immediate move from here to Missionary Ridge, and to threaten or attack the railroad between Cleveland and Dalton. This must have the effect to draw the enemy back from your western front." Thomas was in such condition at this time that he could not make this forward movement, and so informed Grant. Having no horses for his artillery, under the circumstances, and a sober second thought, suggested by that "calm prudence which is one of his best characteristics," he concluded to await the arrival of Sherman's force; and while thus waiting he had to content himself with exhorting Burnside to keep firm, and with

preparing the means for supplying his army with supplies and material, so that it would be able to take the offensive when the time came for so doing.

The anxiety of the government at Washington for the safety of Burnside is shown in the dispatches that follow. On the 14th Halleck teiegraphed: "Advices received from East Tennessee indicate that Burnside intends to abandon the defense of Little Tennessee River, and fall back before Longstreet toward Cumberland Gap and the upper valley. Longstreet is said to be near the Little Tennessee, with from twenty to forty thousand men; Burnside has about thirty thousand in all, and can hold his position; he ought not to retreat. I fear further delay may result in Burnside's abandonment of East Tennessee. This would be a terrible misfortune, and must be averted if possible."

see.

To this Grant replied, reassuringly: "Burnside certainly can detain Longstreet in the Tennessee Valley until we can make such moves here as will entirely free him from present dangers. I have asked him if he could hold the Knoxville and Clinton line for one week; if so, we can make moves here that will save all danger in East TennesSherman is now at Bridgeport. He will commence moving to-morrow or next day, throwing one brigade from Whiteside into Trenton, thus threatening the enemy's left flank. The remainder of his force will pass over Kelly's Ferry, evading view from Lookout, and march up to the mouth of Chickamauga. Pontoons are made, and making, to throw across at that point, over which it is intended that Sherman's force and one division

of Thomas' shall pass. This force will attack Missionary Ridge, with the left flank of Thomas supporting from here. In the meantime Hooker will attack Lookout, and carry it, if possible. If Burnside can hold the line from