2318. The next table which we submit for use exhibits the number of reduced feet to superficial feet from 1 to 10,000, the thicknesses being from to 2 bricks.

4

4

C612234

18408408

Rods. qrs. ft. in. Rods. qrs. ft. in. Rods. qrs. ft. in. Rods. qrs. ft. in. Rods. qrs. ft in.

218345

1

20

2

4

0480

2840

2135

2319. The following table exhibits the value of a rod of brickwork (allowing 4500 bricks to a rod) at the prices from 30s. to 60s. per thousand for the bricks, and for labour, mortar, and scaffolding the several sums of 3l. 5s., 3l. 10s., 34. 15s., 4l., 4l. 5s., and 4l. 10s. per rod.

2320. The following is a table of the decimal parts of a rod of reduced brickwork.

Feet. Dec. Parts. Feet. Dec. Parts. Feet. Dec. Parts. Feet. Dec. Parts. Feet. Dec. Parts.

Feet. Dec. Parts. Feet. Dec. Parts. Feet. Dec. Parts. Feet. Dec. Parts.

Feet. Dec. Parts.

2321. The subjoined table shows the number of plaintiles or pantiles required to cover any area from 1 to 10,000 feet.

The use of the foregoing tables it can scarcely be necessary to explain, They are such as to indicate, on inspection, their value; and we shall therefore leave them without further comment for their application.

2322. When work is performed by the day, or the materials used are to be numbered, as ofttimes necessarily occurs, fire bricks, red rubbers, best marle stocks for cutters, second best ditto, pickings, common bricks, place bricks, paving bricks, kiln-burnt bricks, and Dutch clinkers are charged by the thousand.

2323. Red rubbers, kiln and fire-burnt bricks, are also charged by the hundred. Foot tiles and ten inch tiles are charged either by the thousand or hundred.

2324. Sunk foot tiles and ten-inch tiles with five holes, now never used in the south of England, are charged by the piece.

2325. Pantiles, plaintiles, and nine-inch tiles are charged by the thousand.

2326. Oven and Welsh oven tiles, Welsh fire lumps, fire bricks, and chimney pots are also sold by the piece.

2327. Sand, clay, and loam are charged by the load; lime sometimes by the hundred weight; but the hundred of 100 pecks is the more usual measure in and about the metropolis. Dutch terras is charged by the bushel, which is also sometimes the measure of lime. Portland and other cements are similarly charged. Plaster by the bag.

2328. Pantile and plaintile laths are charged by the bundle or load; hair and mortar by the load; hip hooks and T tiles by the piece.

2329 Neither here, nor in the following pages, is it intended to convey to the reader more than the principles on which an estimate is founded. The prices of materials are in a state of constant fluctuation; something approaching a constant value, from the known performance of a good workinan, was given in the previous editions from the computations of Peter Nicholson, but they are now omitted. Wood working machinery has also altered the values very materially.

CARPENTRY AND JOINERY.

2330. The works of the CARPENTER are the preparation of piles, sleepers, and planking, and other large timbers, formerly much, but now rarely, used in foundations; the centering on which vaults are turned; wall plates, lintels, and bond timbers; naked flooring, quarter partitions, roofing, battening to walls, ribbed ceilings for the formation of vaulting, coves, and the like in lath and plaster, posts, &c.

2331. In large measures, where the quantity of materials and workmanship is uniform, the articles are usually measured by the square of 100 feet. Piles should be measured by the foot cube, and the driving by the foot run according to the quality of the ground into which they are driven. Sleepers and planking are measured and estimated by the foot, yard, or the square.

2332. Plain centering is measured by the square; but the ribs and boarding, being different qualities of work, should be taken separately. The dimensions are obtained by girting round the arch, and multiplying by the length. Where groins occur, besides the measurement as above, the angles must be measured by the foot run, that is, the ribs and boards are to be measured and valued separately, according to the exact superficial contents of each, and the angles by the linear foot, for the labour in fitting the ribs and boards, and waste of wood.

2333. Wall plates, bond timbers, and lintels are measured by the cubic foot, and go under the denomination of fir in bond.

2334. In the measurement and valuation of naked flooring, we may take it either by the square or the cube foot. To form an idea of its value, it is to be observed, that in equal cubic quantities of small and large timbers the latter will have more superficies than the former, whence the saving is not in proportion to the solid contents; and the value, therefore, of the workmanship will not be as the cubic quantity. The trouble of moving timbers increases with their weight, hence a greater expenditure of time; which, though not in an exact ratio with the solid quantity, will not be vastly different, their sections not varying considerably in their dimensions. As the value of the saving upon a cube foot is comparatively small to that of the work performed by the carpenter, the whole cost of labour and materials may be ascertained with sufficient accuracy when the work is

uniform.

2335. When girders occur in naked flooring, the uniformity of the work is thereby interrupted by the mortices and tenons which become necessary; thus the amount arising from the cubic quantity of the girders would not be sufficient at the same rate per foot as is put on the other parts, not only because of the difference of the size, but because of the mortices which are cut for the reception of the tenons of the binding joists. Hence, for valuing the labour and materials, the whole should be measured and valued by the cubic quantity, and an additional rate must be put upon every solid foot of the girders; or, if the binding joists be not inserted in the girders at the usual distances, a fixed price must be put upon every mortice and tenon in proportion to their size, The binding joists are