22866. FOUNDER, SMITH, AND IRONMONGER. joints to be screwed together and bedded in red lead putty. Rectangular rainwater down pipes are frequently used, with ornamental ears or bands. Newall's (or other) copper wire lightning conductor, with point, prop rly secured, to... (the highest portion of the building), and brought down with all requisite insulators; the end to be carried into the earth for a depth of 3 feet from the surface; and all to be carefully fixed. See par. 2264k. PLASTERER. 2287. Lath, plaster, float, and set all the ceilings, also the strings of staircases, and the quartered partitions on attic stories. Render, float, and set all brickwork in attic stories. All sides of the kitchen offices and office passages to be plastered with best floated rough stucco, lathed where requisite. All the remainder of the sides of the interior throughout is to be executed with the very best floated stucco, lathed where requisite. Stucco of offices (or office buildings, if any) to be finished with rough surfaces; all the rest of the stucco to be trowelled quite smooth. All the arched, groined, panelled, and coffered work, and the bands and architraves, to be executed in gauged stuff, in the best and most accurate manner. To run cornices in plaster round the several rooms, lobbies, passages, and other parts of the building, with enrichments thereto to be accurately modelled in accordance with the drawings (the enrichments may be of papier-mâché). An ornamented rose or flower to the centre of the ceiling of each room on the ground (and one-pair) floor, securely fixed. Those of papier-mâché can be easily screwed to the ceiling joists. Skirtings to basement or ground story (or both) are to be run in cement round all the rooms, lobbies, passages, &c., 10 inches high, 14 inch thick, whited when soft, and finally washed of stone colour (or painted). All necessary beads, quirks, and arrises; all internal and external reveals to be stuccoed; dubbing out where the work may require it, so as to bring out all extra thicknesses and projections; and counter-lathing the work over large timbers and elsewhere, to be done as may be necessary. Enrichments to be carefully trimmed and finished off, and where heavy leaves or embossed work may require it, to be screwed with strong copper screws. Lathing throughout to be lath-and-half heart of fir laths, free from sap. If the walls of a church are to be plastered, the stone jambs to windows and doors are usually specified to project one inch beyond the face of wall, so as to form a stop for plaster, and afterwards cleaned off and left flush. Lath for, and plaster to, the spaces between the rafters (unless the boarding is intended to be left visible). To stucco in the very best manner with cement, jointed to imitate masonry, the whole (or part, if such be the case) of the exterior of the building, with columns, pilasters, plinths, entablatures, strings, mouldings, labels, jambs, reveals, chimneys, chimney moulds, decorations, enrichments, and appurtenances of every kind, as shown on the drawings and profiles. Such work to be subject to further instructions from the architect; to be roughly coloured as each portion is executed, and finally coloured with weather-proof colouring, fixed with proper ingredients. Decorative chimney pots, of cement, and of the value of . . . to be provided for each flue. Pugging. To fill in upon the sound boarding between the joists, where so provided, with good lime and hair pugging mortar, laid throughout at least 1 inch in thickness. Par. 2247. Roughcasting. For the mode of describing this, see Plastering, Sect. IX. (2249.) Martin's cement, if used for walls and partitions, is to be laid in Martin's coarse cement and clean washed dry sand, I of cement to 1 of sand, floated and set with pure Martin's fine cement inch thick. A skirting to be 9 inches high, dubbed out with tiles in cement, and run as above described, finished on the top with a moulding, . . inches in girt, mitred at angles. Reveals to be run in pure Martin's fine cement. For floors, equal parts of coarse cement and sand, beaten down and keyed thick, and finished with a coat of pure Martin's cement, and brought to a fine surface. . Keene's patent cement.-Brickwork to be rendered with ... cement and clean sharp sand, in proportion of 9 to 1, and to be laid and set with Keene's patent fine marble cement, highly polished. Paving to be formed of laid with Keene's patent coarse marble cement 14 ins. thick. same as for Martin's cement. inches of concrete, Skirting will be the 2287a. PLASTERER. Parian cement.-To be laid with coarse quality Parian cement and clean sharp sand in equal proportions, and set with fine white Parian, highly polished. Portland cement.-Rendering to walls, in proportion of 1 of cement to 3 of clean sharp grey sand Drawn and jointed to form blocks (state size). For rough work the proportion may be 1 of cement to 9 of sand. PLUMBER. 2288. The flats and gutters to be laid with milled lead of 6 (7 or 8) lbs. to the foot superficial. Where against walls, to be turned up 7 inches; where against slopes, as rafters, to turn up 10 inches. Rolls not to exceed 27 inches apart. Flashings of milled lead to the walls of 4 (or 5) lbs. to the foot, to be worked in the wall, and to turn down over gutters and flats. Where flashings adjoin the slopes of a roof, they should be described to be formed stepwise into the brickwork, and of an average width of 12 inches. Hips and ridges to be covered with milled lead 6 lbs. to the foot, and at least 18 inches wide, well secured with lead-headed nails. Eaves gutters.-To put round the eaves at the curb plate 4-inch iron (or zinc) guttering, fixed complete with bands and brackets, with iron (or zine) down pipes,. inches diameter, with neat heads and appropriate shoes, and let into the gutter, syphon trap, or drain. To fix...stacks of rain-water pipes (if to be of lead) from the gutters to the drains, of (5) inches bore, turned up from milled lead of 8 lbs. to the foot superficial, and securely fixed with ornamental cistern heads, as shall be approved by the architect, and 2-inch strong overflow discharging pipes. Similar description for conveying water from the roof or flat of a portico. Roses pierced with holes of sufficient size to be provided of 10-lb. lead to rain-water cesspools, and pipe heads. No pipes but of lead or zine should be used against stone buildings. Cast iron pipes should only be used to offices. Domes should be covered with lead from 6 to 8 lbs. to the foot superficial, according to their size, and must be well secured with proper seams or rolls thereto. Tops and sides of dormers to be covered with 5-lb. milled lead, turned down all round full 8 inches. A flashing of 5-lb. milled lead, 30 inches wide, to be fixed over the sill of the dormer door or window, as the case may be. Aprons of 6-lb. milled lead, and 10 inches wide, should be described to sky-lights. External mouldings of wood may be covered with 6-lb. milled lead, to turn up 6 inches, and to have flashings of 4-lb. milled lead let into the brickwork, and to be turned down inches. In London, it is usual to specify that the water supply should be laid on for the service of the house in following manner (regulating cisterns are required by some companies):-Lay on water from the main of the . . . . . Company with 3-inch strong cast lead pipe to the cistern of the upper water-closet, with ball-cock complete. Similarly to lower water-closet and to such other cisterns as are provided, with ball-cocks, &c. complete, and to pay all official fees. Line the sink in the scullery, and in the butler's pantry (and other small ones, if any) with 6-lb. milled lead, and fix thereto a 2-inch waste pipe, with brass bell trap complete, to be carried outside on to cr under a grating, and so into the drains. (Another to each for hot water.) Line the kitchen cistern with milled lead, bottom 9 lbs. and sides 6 lbs. to the foot, with all soldering thereto. To provide to the same a 14-inch waste pipe. Line the kitchen sink with lead of 8 lbs. to the foot, to turn well over the woodwork and to have a 2-inch strong waste pipe to lead into the drain, with brass bell grate complete. A 3-inch service pipe and brass cock to be provided from the cistern for supplying water to the sink. (Another for hot water). Water-closets to be constructed and fitted up in every respect complete, with . . . basin, and the very best patent valve apparatus. Soil pipe of 4-inch bore out of 8-lb. lead, to lead into drain with strong. . trap; lead service box, 10 inches by 7, and 6 inches deep, of 10-lb. milled lead; 5-lb. lead safe under pan, with 2-inch swan-necked waste pipe. 1-inch supply pipe to the basin, and all other pipes, wires, cranks, handles, and other proper fitments. The cistern is to be lined, bottom with 8-lb. cast lead, and sides with 5-lb. milled lead. 14-inch waste pipe, to be carried outside, with washer and waste complete. (See par. 2220 for modern contrivances). Inferior water-closets to be provided with stoneware syphon pan, with water laid on, and in all respects to be fitted complete, to modern requirements. 2288a. PLUMBER. Provide all stench-traps, syphon-traps, and other similar contrivances as may be named, where the pipes are to communicate with the drains. Cold bath.-A. . . feet . . . inches bath, if of copper of 16 ounces to the foot superficial, tinned on the inside, and painted in japan to imitate marble, or as may be directed. Lay on the water with strong 11-inch lead pipe, with brass cock, and fix 2-inch strong lead waste pipe, with brass washer and plug, thereto. If the hot bath be not of marble (as before stated, see Mason), the following clauses will describe the several positions and varieties of the boilers by which a supply of hot water is obtained in the present day: I. Provide a Tylor and Sons' 5 feet 2 inch taper oval-end copper (or galvanized tinned iron) bath, white marbled inside, with copper pipes, mounted in wood cradle, with 14-inch deal framing, panelled, with French polished Honduras mahogany top. Three of Tylor and Sons' inch round way bath taps, S. B., with socket keys and handsome levers, hot, cold, waste. A Tylor and Sons' patent bath boiler, with stove front to fit opening of fireplace, with doors and damper (no setting required). Inch lead pipe from cold water cistern to boiler, -inch lead pipe to relieve boiler up to and turned over top of cistern (or any convenient outlet). Inch lead pipe for hot, cold, waste, and overflow pipes to bath. Lead safe with waste under cocks, and leave the work perfect; as estimated, at 391. Os. 9d., exclusive of carriage and any bricklayer's, plasterer's, or carpenter's work, cutting away for pipes and making good, fixing bath framing, and graining and varnishing it. A galvanized tinned iron bath is 67. less. II. Tylor and Sons' 22-gallon copper chimney boiler, with wrought iron band, with bolts and nuts to carry ditto, and stove front to fill up opening in fireplace, with sliding blower, revolving damper, soot door, and bars; as estimated, at 381. 08. 9d. III. Tylor and Sons' copper saddle boiler with unions, a stove front to suit ditte, with sliding blower, revolving damper, soot door, and bars. A galvanized wrought iron cistern, close top, with manhole screwed down, to be fixed with two lines of inch wrought iron pipe from boiler to hot cistern, inch ditto to supply cold water to hot cistern. -inch ditto to relieve hot cistern, inch hot, cold, waste, and overflow pipes to bath, &c.; as estimated, at 471. 48. 3d. IV. Provide a 5-feet (larger or smaller, as deemed necessary) strong best make improved kitchen range, with strong wrought iron back boiler with close top, wrought iron oven, and line fireplace with panelled covings. A galvanized wrought iron hot water cistern, &c.; as estimated, at 617. 38. 9d. V. The range fitted with two boilers, one for the bath, the other for domestic use; where a fire is kept sufficiently large to work two boilers, they are recommended. Estimate 41. extra to No. IV. VI. A range with partially closed fire instead of one with open fire. 41. 15s. extra to No. IV. VII. Tylor and Sons' 22-gallon copper dome-top boiler, with furnace iron work, doors, bars, and damper, and continue as No. I. This boiler may be fixed in the basement, and will supply a hot bath in any apartment below the level of the cold water cistern. As estimated, 43l. 15s. 3d. NOTE. In I., the bath and boiler may be fixed in the same or separate apartments; open or close fire at pleasure. All the estimates are framed presuming on a cold water cistern and a rain-water pipe, or a drain, being within 10 feet of the room. In III., the hot water cistern is placed over the fireplace in the room. In IV., the hot cistern is supposed to be 25 feet above the boiler. In VII., the cold cistern is supposed to be 25 feet above boiler. The waste pipe from the bath to the drain should always have as great a fall as possible, and never be laid to so small a fall as allowed by placing it within the depth of the floor. Common pumps are generally described as 3-inch pumps, with neat cast iron cases, fixed complete, with proper lead suction pipe to bring sufficient supply of water from well into the cistern, and all other appurtenances. The manufacturer's stock to be seen if others be required. Where water is not laid on, as in London, fix a 3-inch lifting engine pump, with brass barrel; and provide from the well.. feet of 1-inch strong suction pipe; with service pipes to the cisterns, and all cocks and joints that may be necessary. Provide all copper and zinc nails that may be wanted for laying the metal works. Provide in the contract. . . cwt. extra of milled (or other) lead, including labour and all proper materials as may be wanted and directed by the architect; and if the same or any part thereof should not be used, a deduction to be made for the same on making up the accounts, after the rate of . . . per cwt. for such portion thereof as shall not have been used. GLAZIER. 2289. All the windows to be glazed with best crown glass; the offices with second crown glass. To glaze all the front windows with best sheet glass; or with best flattened sheet; or with patent plate; or with British plate; as the case may be, and according to the weight specified. For varieties of glass, and glass for other purposes, see Chap. II. Sect. XII., par. 1870 et seq. The architect often names the manufactory or firm from which the glass is to be procured, to ensure the proper quality being supplied. All the glazing is to be properly bedded, stopped in, sprigged, and back-puttied, the convex side outwards (of crown and sheet glass), to be free from specks, blisters, or other blemish; and to be left whole and clean, on the works being rendered up as complete. Glaze all the windows (of the church) and tracery heads (if any) with quarries and borders in strong church lead inch wide. The lead to be secured to the saddle bars and stanchions with strong copper wire, soldered to lead, and securely twisted round the saddle; the glazing to be properly eemented, to be let into the grooves of stonework, and neatly pointed with lime and stone dust. The glass to be Powell's quarries, or Hartley's patent rough cathedral glass, & inch thick. The quarries to be of one tint, and the borders of another tint (as for instance, green and yellow). Skylights and windows, in exposed situations, where much light is not required, may be glazed with Hartley's rough plate glass, inch thick, or less. Water-closet and similar windows (where privacy is desired), with Hartley's patent rough plate glass, inch thick; with fluted glass; or with diapered; or with embossed glass. Enumerate any windows to be glazed with ribbed, enamelled, embossed, or stained glass. Provision to be made in window sills and skylights (where practicable) for conveying condensed water to the exterior of the building. PAINTER. 2290. Knot (with silver leaf in best work), pumice down, and smooth, stop, and otherwise properly prepare all the wood and other works intended to be painted. Paint four times (or till they bear out), with the best oil and colour, all the internal and external wood and iron works, all the stucco, and all other works that are usually painted. The plain painting to be of tints of brown, drab, or stone colour, as may be directed. The walls of the principal staircase, lobbies, and entrance-hall are to be carefully executed imitations of marbles, as directed by the architect, jointed like masonry, in blocks of sizes as directed, and twice varnished with the best copal. The doors, shutters, dadoes, skirtings, boxings, architraves, and other dressings on the ground and one-pair floors (and others, if required), are to be grained in addition wainscot (or other wood, as may be specified), in an artist-like manner, and sized and varnished twice with best copal varnish. Some of the mouldings of doors and shutters may be gilt. All the wrought woodwork (except the floors, and the work executed in oak) to be stained with . . . stain, once coated with linseed oil, and twice varnished with the best copal varnish. Or, if the deal has been picked, it may be left plain, and only varnished. Or, if selected with much care, the deal and pine may be polished. Inside oak work is best left to obtain an effect by use, but where immediately desirable, it may be once or twice oiled. Pick out the ornamental ironwork on doors, roofs, screens, &c., in black or dark blue. A pattern or diaper is sometimes done in gold leaf upon it. To flat extra, of such tints as may be directed, all the rest of the stucco work and wood work on the principal and one-pair floors. Distemper the ceilings (or as follows) : The ceilings and cornices on ground and one-pair floor to be painted four times in oil, and flatted and picked in with such extra colours as may be directed. The ceilings (and perhaps the cornices and centre flowers also) on the two principal floors to be distempered. All the rest of the ceilings, strings, and mouldings are to be whitened. The sides of the rooms in the attic (as the case may be) story, as well as the lobbies, closets, passages, &c., are to be finished of such tints as the architect may direct. Stables and coach-house walls, larders, and sculleries, cellars, including vaulting under sides of floors where open, to be lime-whited. 2290a. PAINTER. Sashes to be finished on the outside of... colour. To a church: Stop with coloured stopping, twice oil with linseed oil, and twice varnish with best copal varnish, the exterior doors and frames. Stop with stained stopping, and knot with coloured knotting, the wrought woodwork of roofs; brush the whole twice with boiled oil, and once varnish the same. Pick out the chamfers and mouldings in roofs with vermilion, cobalt blue, chocolate, pale yellow, and white, in two oils, and stencil patterns thereon, according to drawing. Deal seats, or benches, are to be knotted with stained knotting, stained with ... stain (approved by the architect), and twice varnished with tackless varnish. To French polish in the best manner the handrail of the staircase, the mahogany work of the bath and water-closet, and other parts (if any). All paint and varnish to be of the best quality; sizing and mineral turpentine will not be allowed. PAPERHANGER. 2291. To prepare and bring to a proper face all the walls and surfaces intended for papering. All the papers are to be approved by the architect, or by his client. To hang with figured paper, value... per yard (or per piece) the rooms (to be described) on the . . . floor, with borders (as may be desired). The remainder of the rooms to be hung with paper, . . . per yard (with or without borders). Where satin paper is to be put up, or any of the more expensive descriptions, then to underline (or line the walls) with lining paper, joints rubbed down, and hang with... paper of . . . shillings per piece, the rooms on the . . . floor. Borders also, if thought desirable, nrust be specified. The entrance passage or hall, staircase, and landings, up to . . . to be papered with A 3-inch gilt. . . moulding to be fixed with needle points round the dressings, and BELLHANGER. 2292. Bells to be put from the following places . to the several positions marked for them. A 14-oz. bell and . . . oz. copper wire, brass cranks, and . . . spring lever and rose. ... The pulls in the principal rooms to be bronze or iron lever pulls of medieval character, and very strong; the wire of strong copper; the cranks to be best horn cranks. Floor boards over bell wires to be screwed (not nailed) down, for ready removal. Put 3-inch zinc tubing for the concealment and casing of the wires to the bells, secured by round fine galvanized iron hooks. The bells to be hung and furnished with strong brass T-plate back and spring lever carriages. To be hung on a 3-inch wrought and beaded deal board, secured to wood bricks (or strong wedges) by screws. The front (and side) entrance door (or yard, or gate) to have bold pendant mediæval wrought iron pull, according to detail drawing, or to be selected. It is usual to mark the place, both up and down stairs, where the bells are to be hung. Where many bells are fixed together on a bell board they are sometimes described to be so tuned as to form a musical scale. They are also to be numbered; sometimes the names of the several rooms from whence the bells are pulled are painted on the board under the bell. The electric, and the pneumatic, bell system will somewhat depend on the patentee selected. The following specification for a twelve-roomed house is taken from Henry F. Joel and Company's Illustrated Catalogue, No. 3: To providing and fitting the following system of bells: Ground floor. Front entrance. One ornamental bronze pull, marked "Visitors," fixed by the side of the door, to ring and indicate in kitchen. Tradesmen's entrance. One plain bronzed pull, fixed by side of the door, to Dining-room. Two black and gold porcelain pushes (or walnut wood), fixed Library. Two black and gold line porcelain pushes 'or oak wood), ditto, ditto. |
