2285f. CARPENTER AND JOINER. If the panels of 13-inch doors are raised, or if double marginal deors, so describe them. All the above must be specified as to be hung folding, if the nature of the work so requires. Wainscot doors.-14-inch wainscot, 2 panels, square; and bead flush and square; and moulded and square; and bead flush on both sides; and bead flush and moulded. 2-inch wainscot, 2 panels; 24-inch wainscot, 2 panels; follow in the same order. 13-inch wainscot, 4 panels, follow in the same order, and may be moulded on both sides; also 2-inch wainscot, 4 panels; and 24-inch wainscot, 4 panels; also 2-inch wainscot, 6 panels; also 23-inch wainscot, 6 panels; and so on. Wainscot sash doors.-2-inch wainscot, with diminished stiles, lower panel moulded, bead flush, with astragal and hollow sash; or ditto, with astragal and hollow sash, moulded on both sides; or 24-inch wainscot sash doors, diminished stiles lower panels moulded, and bead flush, with astragal and hollow sash; or ditto. with astragal and hollow sash, moulded on both sides. These may be hung folding, double margined, or moulded on the raising. Mahogany doors, or best Spanish mahogany if required (of course now veneered)— 2-inch Honduras mahogany, 2 panels, moulded and square; or moulded on both sides. 2-inch Honduras mahogany, 4 panels, moulded and square; or moulded on both sides. 2-inch Honduras mahogany, 6 panels, moulded and square; or moulded on both sides. 24-inch Honduras mahogany, 4 panels, moulded and square; or moulded on both sides. 24-inch Honduras mahogany, 6 panels, moulded and square; or moulded on both sides. These may be hung folding; with projecting mouldings; or with double margins. Mahogany sash doors.-2-inch Honduras mahogany, astragal and hollow, bottom panel moulded and square; or bottom panel moulded on both sides; or 24-inch Honduras mahogany, astragal and hollow, bottom panel moulded and square; or bottom panel moulded on both sides. These may be hung folding; or with double margin; or diminished stiles. External doors-2-inch wrought, ledged, framed, and braced, folding (or other) doors, with stop chamfered, arched heads, stiles, rails, and braces, covered on the outside with 2-inch wrought, tongued, and V jointed oak boarding, hung to solid oak frame (or on hinge-hooks let into stone jambs), with strong, heavy, wrought iron medieval hinges, and fastened with best rim dead lock cased with oak, and a heavy wrought iron latch, with bold ornamental drop handle and plate, key-plate, &c., all wrought according to detail drawing (or a price to be stated for each article). The frames to be of oak, 6 inches by 4 inches, wrought, double rebated, stop chamfered, grooved, &c., tenoned into stone steps, and to have extra strong hooks on plates screwed to same. 2-inch deal, 4 panels, the lower panels bead butt and square, and the upper panels square both sides; or the upper panels bead butt on the backs; or the upper panels bead flush on the back. The panels may have raised mouldings. 2-inch deal, 4 panels, the lower panels bead butt and square, upper panels square on both sides; or bead butt on the back; or bead flush on the back; with perhaps raised mouldings. 2-inch deal, 6 panels, lower panels bead butt and square, upper panels square both sides; or bead butt on the back; with perhaps raised mouldings. 2-inch deal, 6 panels, the lower panels bead butt and square, and the upper panels square both sides; or bead butt on the back; or bead flush on the back; with perhaps raised mouldings, double margined, &c. Describe any of these external doors, if to be hung folding, or with circular or curved heads. Sash doors.-1-inch deal, 2 panels, square, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash; and bead butt and square, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash; and bead flush and square, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash; and moulded and square, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash; and moulded and bead butt, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash; and moulded and bead flush, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash; and moulded on both sides, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. 2-inch deal, 2 panels, square, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash, in the same order. 2-inch deal, 2 panels, square, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash, in the same order. All these may be hung folding, or with marginal lights. In describing joiner's work, specify the ironmongery to be used; that is, the hinges, locks, fastenings, and furniture. There is now great variety. Common framed 4-panel doors are usually hung with 34-inch butts and 7-inch iron rim stock locks. Better doors are hung with 4-inch iron or brass butts, mortise locks and brass knob furniture. Folding doors, if heavy, should have 4 or 5-inch brass butts, and if necessary to clear mouldings, they should be hung with projecting brass butts, be provided with flush and other bolts, and mortise locks and 22859. CARPENTER AND JOINER. furniture. Doors of dining, drawing, and other rooms, where they are required to clear the carpet by rising as they open, should have 4 or 44-inch rising joint butts. Closet doors have usually 3-inch butts, with brass tumbler locks and keys. External doors require larger locks, which are usually iron rim locks, or patent locks and keys; also 10 or 12-inch bright rod bolts, chains, staples, &c. Shutters have butts, which for the back flaps are of a less size, and spring bar fastenings. Brass or other china knobs to the front flaps. Doors, mouldings, and joinery are now to be obtained of American and Swedish manufacture, as well as English. Moulded architraves to doors and windows, are described by their width and mouldings, or referred to drawings. Columns and pilasters.—14-inch (or 11-inch) deal diminished columns, . . . . inches diameter. Pilasters similarly specified. Both one and the other to be glued up and blocked. If fluted, to be mentioned; as also any necking grooves to columns. Caps and bases according to the Order, or to drawing, carved, or of papier-mâché, as the expense will allow. Entablatures got out of deal, as to drawing. To be glued up, blocked, and fixed with all necessary brackets and grounds. Water-closet, fitted up with 1-inch clean deal (wainscot or mahogany), seat with hole Plate-rack for scullery to be provided over the sink, and of the same length. Dresser. For a good house:-2-inch deal, with cross-tongued top 10 feet long and Dwarf closets.-These vary. 1-inch deal, square framed and moulded in front to follow other doors. The top to have 1-inch mahogany top, moulded in fron`, and 3-inch skirtings. One shelf, same depth as closet. The doors to be hung (folding) with 24-inch butts, a bolt inside, a brass knob outside, and tumbler locks. 2285h. CARPENTER AND JOINER. Pipe casings, wrought and framed, to be provided where necessary, to hide lead and other pipes of all descriptions, the fronts to be made to unscrew for coming at the pipes when necessary. Larder fittings.-Dresser top of clean deal, 1 inch thick, 2 feet 6 inches wide, and feet long, to be feather-tongued and fixed on strong framed legs and rails. Two meat rails, 6 feet long, of wrought fir, 3 by 2 inches, suspended from wrought iron stirrups. A hanging shelf, 6 feet long, 10 inches wide, and 11⁄2 inch thick, suspended from wrought iron stirrups. Laundry. To be fitted up with 13-inch clean white deal washing troughs, wrought two sides, and splayed and put together with white lead (as shown on drawing). 1-inch deal ironing board, wrought both sides and clamped, hung with hinges to a proper hanging stile. Provide two clothes racks, hung with pulleys and ropes to the ceiling to raise and lower the same. Dust-bin. See BRICKLAYER. Arris gutters to eaves should always be of zinc, or iron for better use, not of wood. Mangers, &c.-2-inch deal bottoms and 14-inch deal sides. Wrought oak manger- Fronts to hay-racks.—Oak standard, 4 by 4 inches, wrought and framed into onk about 10 inches. Line the walls to the height of 5 feet with 1-inch yellow deal, wrought, ploughed, tongued, and beaded, with a 5-inch beaded capping thereon. Stable fittings have now become an almost distinct trade. Oak fencing. The site to be enclosed with an English oak fence, having oak posts 5 inches square, 6 (or more) feet long, the lower end tarred and fixed in the ground 2 feet, and well rammed round with dry ballast or brick rubbish, fixed 9 (or 10) feet apart, and framed with two tiers (or three) of oak arris rails secured with oak pegs. The whole covered with oak cleft pales 4 (5, or 6) feet high, nailed with galvanized iron nails. The bottom to be finished with 14-inch oak plank 12 inches wide, tenoned to posts. The top of pales to be covered with inch oak capping 2 inches wide, secured with galvanized iron nails. Sometimes the fence fronting the public way is varnished, with two or more coats. Tar. Cover the .. with one (or two) coats of good Stockholm tar. Churches. To give general directions for the specification of a church would be impossible. The principles of its timbering may be collected from what has preceded. The old style of pewing, planned as drawings, of deal square-framed partitions two panels high; 1-inch framed doors and enclosures one or two panels high, with stiles, munnions, and top rails 3 inches wide, and bottom rails 6 inches wide. The panels of the doors and enclosures should not be more than a board in width, and the framework round them chamfered. The doors are hung with 3-inch butt hinges, and should have brass knob pulpit latches. Capping to the whole of the pewing, grooved and moulded according to drawing. Pew fittings are, 1-inch wrought and rounded seats, 12 inches wide, with proper bearers and 14-inch cut brackets not more than 3 feet apart. Seats rounded next the pew doors. Flap-seats in the galleries to have strong joints. All the pews to have 3-inch book boards 6 inches wide, with 4-inch rounded capping bearers, and -inch cut brackets thereunder, not more than 2 feet 6 inches apart, and the ends rounded next the pew doors. If there be an organ, its enclosure would correspond with the pews, or be specially designed for it. Free seats of 1-inch deal, as shown in the drawings; the seats to be 11 inches wide, rounded in front; backs framed with stiles, munnions, and rails, 3 inches wide, and the standards, ends, and bearers, according to the drawings. Children's seats to be of 1-inch deal, with brackets same thickness, not more than 2 feet 6 inches 22851. CARPENTER AND JOINER. apart; at least 8 inches wide, and the flap seats, where they occur, to be hung For more modern work may be specified :-The whole of the seating throughout FOUNDER, SMITH, AND IRONMONGER. 2286. Cast iron girders and columns. Reference must be had to Chap. I. Sect. X. (1628e Chimney bars. To kitchen chimney two wrought iron cradle bars, each 2 inches wide Cramps of cast, and wrought, iron, or copper (par. 2284d), as may be directed, for the Cast iron sashes as necessary. inch Wedges for underpinning must be described with reference to the thickness of walls Knocker.-Provide and fix . . . iron, or brass, knocker for . . . door (specify a price). 2286a. FOUNDER, SMITH, AND IRONMONGER. Air bricks of cast iron, single or double, and fixed in the brickwork of the outside walls, for the ventilation of the floors; also air gratings, . . . in number, 9 inches square. Area gratings. Of cast iron, with bars 1 inch by of an inch, and not more than 1inch apart. Frames 1 inch by 1 inch, and with strong flanges to let into the surrounding stonework, and properly fixed. Window guards, of wrought iron to the windows of . . ., and... bars, to be 1 inch square and 4 inches apart, with framework of iron of the same substance, and let well into and securely fixed to the brickwork in cement. Coal plates of cast iron, with proper fastenings, to be provided to the coal shoot. Hayward's patent self-locking plate is one of the new patents. Cast iron ornamental railing, to the windows, or to the balcony in front of the house, as the case may be, according to the drawings, or selected from a manufacturer. Traps of cast iron, or stoneware, to all communications of surface water with drains, to be of appropriate size, with all gully gratings that may be necessary. Drains to roads or paths to be of unglazed earthenware pipes, in 2-feet lengths, of a inch bore, laid to a fall of... inches in each 100 feet into..., with all necessary bends, junctions, &c. Iron gully trap or glazed stoneware trap, or traps, jointed as drains. The Kitchener apparatus for cooking must be specially named; and in large mansions many modern conveniences are required to be specified. The Carron Company have issued (1887) a book of appliances of various sizes. Copper. A copper, . . inches diameter (or cubical quantity), of copper, or of galvanized iron, with all requisite bars and iron work. Stable fittings.-No.... cast iron hay-racks, 3 feet wide and 2 feet high in the clear. 1-inch round staves, about 3 inches apart, the frames 14 by of an inch, with the arris rounded off next the staves. Fix two manger rings in each stall. Cast iron coping to the walls of the dung-pit of an inch thick, and returned on each side 4 inches down at the least. Cast iron gratings to stable yards are usually described as of the weight of 1 cwt. CHURCH AND CHAPEL WORK. The founder's, smith's, and ironmonger's work is so de pendent on the design, that no general instructions can be given. Cast iron saddle bars to the windows by 1 inch (or 4-inch square), 12 inches longer than the clear width of each window, with lead lights, laid into and worked up with the brickwork, at the height shown on the drawings, to be fixed on an average 12 inches apart. Each window to have wrought iron framework for a hopper casement, to be fitted up complete, with patent lines, brass pulleys, and all other requisite appurtenances. Or the hoppers may rest on the sill, and be hinged next to it, so that when closed the exterior glazing may be flush, and to be fitted with opening racks and fastenings. To outside of windows, where necessary, fix 1-inch square stanchions, not more than 6 inches apart, with ornamental heads forged to drawing, let into (frames or) stone sill at bottom, and passed through saddle bars with mortises formed thereon. For church windows with tracery heads, provide and build in across the springing of the arch of all windows of 3 lights and upwards, wrought iron bars 2 inches by -inch, corked, and well turned up 2 feet from jambs, on each side; these bars to be well galvanized, and fixed with play for expansion or strain, in notches through the mullions. All straps, bolts, nuts, and washers for the various roofs. Where visible, the straps are to be worked to detail drawings; and the washers and nuts to be notched and stamped as directed. Wrought (or cast) iron vanes, crosses, ridge cresting, guards to areas, balconies, &c., according to drawings; all to be securely fixed; the vanes and gable crosses to have stems as long as possible, and to be leaded into the stone or screwed to the roof timbers, as the case may be. Ornamental wrought iron hinges, latches, key-plates, closing rings, &c., on doors, all to be strictly worked according to detail drawings. Ornamental grating of cast iron to pattern, to cover hot water pipe channels in floors. Cast iron rain-water pipe.-To be 21, 3, 31, 4, 41, 5 or 6 inches diameter, fixed from the roof into the drain, with proper head and shoe, ears or bands, &c., complete. Eaves gutter. All overhanging eaves to have a 4-inch cast iron eaves gutter, with all necessary angle pieces, valley pans to internal angles, swan-necks, and socket pipes cast on the gutter to lead into heads of rain-water pipes. The gutters to be fixed on strong wrought iron brackets screwed to the feet of the rafters, and the |