Page images
PDF
EPUB

RIPON COLLEGIATE CHURCH (by James I.); (S. Wilfrid).

[blocks in formation]

Wilfrid

1134-81

Roger, Archb. of York 1694 87 88 Part N. side. Included. 132 36N

L. B. H. L. B. H. L. B. H. L. B. H. L. B. H.

Crypt.

110 (Spires now removed were 110 ft. higher.)

-

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

E. and S. sides of C. rebuilt.

[blocks in formation]

See founded 1836. The chapter house, 34 ft. 8 in., 29 ft. wide, by 18 ft. 8 in. high, with an apsidal end, by Archb. Roger, but the two central pillars and vaulting are later. The crypt under it is perhaps the original church of Archb. Thomas of Bayeux, 1070-1100. The Lady chapel, 1482, is over it, a most unusual position; it is now the library. Melton extended the church eastward to twice its formen length. Great east window, 25 ft. by 51 feet high, dates at the end of 4th century. The crypt under the centre tower is 11 ft. 5 in. by 7 ft. 8 in., and 9 ft. 4 in. high; it is dedicated to the Holy Trinity. The internal length is 270 ft. 5 in. and breadth 132 ft. In 1829 the nave was new roofed and ceiled; and from 1862 the choir groined in wood and other restorations by Sir G. G. Scott.

ROCHESTER-CATHEDRAL CHURCH, BENEDICTINE (S. Andrew).

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

See founded 604. The crypt (Early English) is one of the best of the class. The walls of "Gundulf's tower," 24 ft. square and 95 ft high, are 6 ft. thick, the entrance is supposed to have been from the top. Of Bishop Ernulf's work 1114-24, the west front (perhaps), dormitory, refectory, and chapter house alone remain: the door to the latter is of Decorated work and remarkable. The chapel of St. Mary is 45 ft. by 30 ft. The internal length is 313 ft. 6 in. and breadth 122 ft. 3 in. Restorations 1825-30, by L. N. Cottingham, and of late years by Sir G. G. Scott.

SALISBURY--CATHEDRAI. CHURCH, SECULAR CANONS (S. Mary).

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

See founded 705. This is the most uniform of the cathedrals; the original plan given by Bishop Poore was carried out by his successors. Elias de Dereham was clerk of the works for the first twenty years, and Robertus for the following twenty. The great regularity of the masonry is a distinctive peculiarity of Parly English work. According to the account rendered to Henry III., it appeared that 40,00 marks. (22664. 138. 4d.) had up to 1258 been expended on the fabric. The chapter house is an octagon 58 ft. diam. d 53 ft high, with a central shaft; this with the cloisters, 182 ft. square, were comnienced by Bishop Walter de la Wyle (1263-70, and completed by Bishop R. de Wickhampton (1270-84). The latter were stored 1850-56, by Mr. Clutton for Bishop Denison. The sculptures in the former were painted, 1859, by Mr. Hudson, and have been explained by W. Burges. The stone spire is described in B. 3, ch. iv. The xenal length is 480 ft., the breadth 230 ft. The internal length is 450 ft., and breadth 206 ft. The west frent is 112 ft. long. Sir C. Wren effected some repairs. Restorations, 1782-91, by James Wyatt.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

See founded 909, and with Bath 1050. Though one of the smallest cathedrals, it is a very extraordina example. Its western façade is decorated with six rows of sculpture in a very perfect state, and somewh similar to Exeter and Lincoln. The subjects are angels, subjects from the Old and New Testaments, kin bishops, and warriors, amounting to over 300: they have been explained by C. R. Cockerell, in Iconography. The original plan seems to have been carried out to its completion. The chapel or roc under the chapter house and the curious staircase, were completed about 1286, by Bishop Burnell; a the chapter house, octagon, 52 ft. 6 in. wide and 42 ft. high, with a central pillar, by Bishop William de March, 1293-1302; see figs. 1275-7. The east walk of the cloisters, 163 ft., and library, date 1407-24; the w 166 ft. and part of the south, date 1443-64, and completed for 130 ft. more, soon after by Thomas Hent Treasurer. The support of the central tower is assisted by an inverted arch as at Salisbury. The intent Jength is 385 ft. and the breadth 135 ft. The west front is 147 ft. long. Restorations, 1842, by C. Cockerell, and later by B. Ferrey.

WINCHESTER-CATHEDRAL CHURCH, BENEDICTINE (S. Mary).

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

See founded 648. The west front was originally the work of Bishop Edingdon. The nave, which w "transformed "(Prof. Willis) by Wykeham is, with Ely and Canterbury, probably the longest in t world, S. Peter's at Rome excepted. The Cloisters are 180 ft. by 174 ft. The exterior of the choir is oft finest Gothic of the fifteenth century. The choir as at Gloucester, is under the tower. The chantries Waynflete and Beaufort are fine examples. The crypt is an interesting example, and more so now t the chalk, 4 ft. deep, filled in about 400 years since, has been removed, 1886-7. There is no chapter hou The external length is 557 ft. 9 in.; the internal length is 525 ft, the breadth 208 ft. The stone screena the episcopal throne are by Garbett. The west front restored 1860.

WORCESTER-CATHEDRAL CHURCH, BENEDICTINE (S. Mary).

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

See founded 680. The chapter house is circular (sometimes called a decagon) 55 ft. diam., 45 ft. high, with a plain central pillar. The cloisters (Perpendicular) about 120 ft. square, were erected in the time of Bishop Lynn. They were restored 1866. The refectory, now the King's School, 120 ft. by 38 ft., is still perfect. The external length is 405 ft.; the internal length 388 ft. and the breadth 128 ft. Restoration, auce 1857 by R. E. Perkins.

YORK-CATHEDRAL CHURCH, SECULAR CANONS (S. Peter the Apostle).

[blocks in formation]

See founded 622 or 626. The octagonal chapter house, 57 ft. diam. and 67 ft. 10 in. high, was, perhaps, erected at the same time as the nave; it has no central pillar. The choir and crypts were rebuilt on a larger scale, 1154-81, by Archb. Roger; some parts are earlier. The aisles surrounding the church in every part are of similar dimensions and were built at same time. The open central tower is 188 ft. high from the floor. The Rose window in the S. transept is the finest in England, it is 22 ft. 6 in. diam. The five lancet lights, dating 1250, in the N. transept are each 5 ft. 7in. wide and 54 ft. high. The church was consecrated July 3, 1472. The Fabric Rolls" of this cathedral are valuable records of building operations. The external length is 518 ft. The internal length is 486 ft. and the breadth 223 ft. The choir roof was burnt 1820, and restored by Sir R. Smirke; the nave roof burnt 1840, and restored by S. Smirke. The S. transept was restored 1875, by G. E. Street.

WESTMINSTER-ABBEY CHURCH, BENEDICTINE (S. Peter).

[blocks in formation]

1713-35

1490

Edward IV.

(six bays and towers)

L. B. H. L. B. H. L. B. H. L. B. H. L. B. H.

72
95 1011
384

136

156 38 101
(fig. 1278)

[ocr errors]

189 77 10545 824 38 78 N

16

[ocr errors]

16

- - 122

[ocr errors]

Additions to west front and towers, by Sir C. Wren and others. -102}
King Henry VII.'s Chapel, 100 ft. long, 35 ft. wide, and 66 ft..
with aisles, and 54 ft. high (figs. 1325-6).

See founded 1540, annulled in 1550. The flying buttresses of Henry VII.'s chapel are among the most beautifully decorated in England. The triforia of the church are lighted from a range of windows externally, each consisting of three circles, inscribed within a triangle. The chapter house, an octagon of 58 ft in diameter, is of the same date as the choir; the two sides of the cloister, which is 185 ft. by 141 ft., date as the western part of the nave. Portions of the "Fabric Rolls" have been printed in Scott, Geming1, 870., 1863, 2nd edition. The total length internally is given as 489 ft. and 511 ft. 6 in. These Mansions are from Neale's History, those "corrected" in Ackermann's History are smaller. The outside the chapel was restored 1809-22 by Thomas Gayfere, mason, under James Wyatt, R.A.; the building tally by Edward Blore, and by Sir G. G. Scott, R.A., 1848-62. Later by J. L. Pearson, R.A.

BATH ABBEY CHURCH, BENEDICTINE (SS. Peter and Paul).

[blocks in formation]

See founded 970, and with Wells 1050. Considered to be the last building in the Perpendicular peri of great magnitude. Edward Leycestre, master of the works, succeeded 1537 by John Multon, freemas It has 52 large sized windows. Its internal length is 218 ft. and breadth 74 ft. Interior remodelled 1 by G. P. Manners, and restored 1868-71 by Sir G. G. Scott, R.A.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

Founded 793. See founded 1877. Abbot John de Whethamstede, 1420-40 and 1451-64, altered t ground story windows north side of nave and choir, added the large windows in nave and transepts, a the watching loft. The internal length is 520 ft. 8 in. Outside length, 550 ft. from plinth of buttre of east wall of Lady chapel to plinth of west porch. Restoration was commenced 1870 to the tower, & by Sir G. G. Scott (died 1878). The west front and part of south transept were pulled down and rebu 1884-7 by direction of Sir E. Becket Denison, now Lord Grimthorpe.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

See founded 1884. South of south choir aisle is a second aisle 7 ft. wide, and south of this is the o aisle of the parish church (Early English and Decorated periods). This is 76 ft. long, 17 ft. wide, al 29 ft. high. A western tower has been added to this aisle, and forms a feature in connection with t south transept. The external length is 284 ft., 73 ft. across the nave and aisles, and 117 ft. across tra septs. The internal length is 276 ft. by 110 ft. The architect is John L. Pearson, R.A. At present, No 1887, are erected only the choir, the great transepts and aisles, the east transept, the baptistery, two na bays up to the triforium, the clock tower at south transept, and the central tower, including the fir stage of the lantern with temporary roof.

SOUTHWELL-COLLEGIATE CHURCH, SECULAR CANONS (S. Mary the Virgin).

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

See founded 1886. Repairs carried on steadily since about 1856 by John Gregory and his labourers. From 1575 the roofing, restoration of the west spires and of the chapter house, were completed under Mr. Ewan Christian, who (1886) has commenced the stalls and restoration of the screens; and the flooring of stone and marble. The perfect condition of this structure, erected of magnesian limestone similar to that of Bolsover Moor, attracted the attention of the Commissioners in their Report on Stone for the Houses of Parliament, fol., 1839. Its internal length is 306 ft. It was reopened February 2, 1888.

NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE

LIVERPOOL

SECT. VI.

ELIZABETHAN ARCHITECTURE OR LATE TUDOR STYLE.

436. The revival of the arts in Italy has furnished the subject of Chap. II. Sect. XVI. It commenced, as we have there seen, with its author Brunelleschi, who died in 1444; and it was not till nearly a century afterwards that its influence began to be felt in this Country. The accession of Queen Elizabeth took place in 1558.

437. Whilst the art here, though always, as respected its advancing state, much behind that of the Continent, was patronised by the clergy, it flourished vigorously; but when that body was scattered by the dissolution of the religious houses, no one remained to foster it; and though Henry VIII. delighted in spectacle, and a gorgeous display of his wealth, he was far too great a sensualist to be capable of being trained to refinement in the arts. There is in England no general pervading love of the arts, as among all classes on the Continent. The Elizabethan, or as some have, perhaps more properly, called it, the last Tudor style, is an imperfectly understood adaptation of Italian forms to the habits of its day in this country. It is full of redundant and unmeaning ornament, creating a restless feeling in the mind of the spectator, which, in the cinque-cento work, the renaissance of was in some degree atoned for by excellence of design, by exquisite execution of the bject, and by a refinement in the forms which some of the first artists the world ever gave to its productions. In Italy, the orders almost instantaneously rose in their

Italy,

« PreviousContinue »