CHESTER-CONVENTUAL CHURCH, BENEDICTINE (S. Werburgh).

See founded 1541. The chapter house was built, cir. 1128, by Earl Ranulf. The refectory, now the King's School; other remains of the monastery. The internal length is 348 ft. 6 in. and breadth 150 ft. Restoration of the choir, 1844, by R. C. Hussey; 1855, Lady chapel; 1868, by Sir G. G. Scott.

S. and window.

Detached at
W. end.
S2 32 120

Central 107.1
Spire 271

Upper part of choir, stalls, and decorations of S. transept.

The church founded by bishop Seffrid II, upon that of bishop Ralph. There are four
The external length is 411 ft. 3 in.; internal length 380 ft. and breadth 129 ft. Restora-
C. Carpenter; shice 1859 by W. Slater. The central tower fell March 21, 1861, and
Scott, and W. Slater.

DURHAM - CATHEDRAL CHURCH, BENEDICTINE (S. Cuthbert).

See founded 635. The chapel of the Nine Altars was begun about 1230, forming a sort of transept at the end of the choir. This cathedral is remarkable from the pillars of its nave, which are curiously striated. The Galilee or Lady chapel, at the west end, begun by Hugh de Pudsey (1153-95), 48 ft. by 76 ft. 6 in., and finished by Bishop Langley (14 6-37). The chapter house dates 1134-43. The cloisters erected by Bishop Skirlaw, 1388-1405-37, are about 146 ft. square; the dormitory is now the new library. The internal length is 420 it. and breadth 172 ft. Repairs were made 1778-1800 by James Wyatt, and since 1859 by Sir G. G. Scott.

ELY CATHEDRAL CHURCH, BENEDICTINE (S. Etheldreda and S. Peter).

See founded 1108. The octagon tower and choir stalls were designed by Alan de Walsingham, a monk, 1312-42; and perhaps the Lady chapel 1321-49, which is without aisles, and is internally 100 ft. long, 46 ft. wide, and 60 ft. high to its vaulting. The Galilee chapel, at the western end, by Bishop Eustace, 1198-1215, is 40 ft. long. The chantries, are Bishop Alcock's 1486-1500, and Bishop West's 1515-53. The exterior length is 565 ft. from the west front to the east face of buttresses; the internal length is 517 ft. and breadth 178 ft. 6 in. Restorations from 1830 by John Bacon, clerk of the works; and 1852 by Sir G. G. Scott.

EXETER-CATHEDRAL CHURCH, BENEDICTINE (S. Peter).

See founded 1050. The general plan of the church is that designed by Bishop Quivil. The west front 1s celebrated for the display of a series of statues of kings, warriors, saints, and apostles, guardians as it were of the entrance, arranged in three rows. The lower part of the chapter house dates from about Bishop Brewer's time (1224-44); the upper part is by Bishop Lucy (1420-55); the ceiling richly decorated by Bishop Bothe (1465-78). The cloisters, which are only perfect on one side, are by Bishop Brantyngham, 1370-94. The "Fabric Rolls" of this Cathedral are interesting records. The internal length is 378 ft. 5 in. and the breadth 139 ft. The Lady chapel was restored, 1822, by John Kendall.

GLOUCESTER-CHURCH OF BENEDICTINES, MITRED ABBEY (S. Peter).

See founded 1541. The chapter house (Norman) is 72 ft. long, 34 ft. wide, and 3 ft. 6 in. high. The Lady chapel was commenced by Abbot Hanley, 1457-72, and finished by Abbot W. Farley, 1472-98. The cloisters are the most perfect and beautiful of any in England, and are unusually placed, being on the north side. They were commenced by Abbot Horton, 1351-77, and completed by Abbot Froucester, 1381-1412; in them is a monk's lavatory, and the "carols." The internal length is 406 ft. and breadth 141 ft. Restorations were commenced 1853 by F. S. Waller, who published a work on the cathedral in 1856.

HEREFORD-CATHEDRAL CHURCH, SECULAR CANONS (The Virgin and S. Ethelbert).

See founded 680. The Lady chapel is 93 ft. by 31 ft. The octagonal chapter house, 1330, with a central pillar, 40 ft. diam., was taken down by Bishop Egerton, 1724-46. The great west tower, 130 ft. high, fell 1786, and destroyed a great portion of the nave and aisles, which were then shortened about 15 ft. The length between the external faces of the buttresses is 344 ft.; the internal length 325 ft., the breadth 109 ft. at les-er transepts and 147 ft. at larger ones. Restorations 1786 by James Wyatt; from 1841 by L. N. Cottingham and his son; from 1858 by Sir G. G. Scott.

LICHFIELD-CATHEDRAL CHURCH, SECULAR CANONS (The Virgin and S. Chad).

See founded 656. The church is very uniform, having been, like Salisbury and Exeter, built on one plan. "A dated record would render this cathedral one of the most valuable for the history of the development of styles:" Professor Willis. The polygonal apse is a special feature of this cathedral, and is unique in England; the triple spires is another feature. The arches in the triforia show the dog-tooth moulding in great perfection. The Lady chapel by Bishop W. Langton, 1296-1321. The chapter house, cir. 1240, is an elongated octagon, 40 ft. 3 in by 27 ft. 5 in., with a central pillar. The internal length is 371 ft. and breadth 149 ft. Restorations since 1860 by Sir G. G. Scott.

See founded 604. The chapter house was built 1332, and was octangular, 32 ft. 6 in. diam., and placed in the cloisters, 91 ft. square, erected by Henry de Wingham, 1260. Inigo Jones commenced the restorations 1633, and added in 1636 the beautiful Corinthian portico at the western end. The Church was burnt 1666, and was taken down 1675. Dugdale's History of St. Paul's has numerous plates by Hollar. The external length was about 590 ft. and of the transepts 290 ft.; the breadth across the nave 104 ft. ; these dimensions are obtained from Longman's Three Cathedrals of St. Paul, 8vo., 1873. The lengths in the above table are approximate only, arising chiefly from the error of 690 ft. as given by Dugdale for the length. The dimensions of the present edifice are given in paragraphs 470-474.

See founded 634. The plan is a double or Lorraine cross. The architect of S. Hugh's work is said to be Geoffry de Noiers. The chapter house, cir. 13th century, is a decagon with a central pillar, 50 ft. diam. and 4 ft. high. The central spire was blown down in 1547; the others were removed in 1808. The Galilee porch on W. side of the S. W. transept is later than S. Hugh's work. The façade is decorated with statues and sculpture, like Wells and Exeter. The cloisters were built by Bishop Sutton and are very slight. There is a curious" stone beam" over the vaulting and between the west towers. Total ternal length 484 ft. and breadth 222 ft. at west transepts. The west frout was restored about 1862.

MANCHESTER-COLLEGIATE CHURCH (The Virgin, S. Denis of France, and S. George of England).

Parish church; made collegiate 1422; see founded 1847. Lady chapel 16 ft. square. St. John Baptist er Derby chapel, cir. 1500, 80 ft. by 26 ft., and the chapter house 22 ft. by 13 ft. 6 in., having an unequal apaidal end, are both by Bishop Stanley. Jesus' chapel, by Bexwith, a merchant, 1506, is 35 ft. by 25 ft. The Trafford chapel, 1506, is 27 ft. by 21 ft. 6 in.; St. George's chapel, adjoining the last, 1508, is 25 ft. by ft. 6 in.; and the Bibby porch, 1520, is 13 ft. square. The Strangeways chapel, 1508, is 68 ft. by 22 ft. The Oldham chapel, 1518, is 15 ft. by 12 ft. The internal length, 215 ft. and breadth 112 ft.; externally, ft, and 180 ft. Restored and portions rebuilt by J. P. Holden. Tower rebuilt by him, but not a copy. later restorations have been carried on by J. S. Crowther.

NORWICH CATHEDRAL CHURCH, BENEDICTINE (Holy Trinity).

See founded 630 and again 673. Before 1272 the cathedral was so dilapidated as to render it necessary be rebuilt. The cloisters commenced by Bishop Walpole in 1297, were completed by Bishop Alnwick 1420; they are the most spacious in England, being about 176 ft. square and 14 ft. 9 in. wide. The La chapel was destroyed. The external length is 414 ft. 6 in. and breadth 191 ft.; the internal length is 404 and breadth 180 ft. The length from the west door to apse is 393 ft. 7 in.

OXFORD-PRIORY CHURCH OF AUGUSTINIAN CANONS
(S. Frideswide, or Christ Church).

See founded 1545. It is the smallest cathedral in England. The chapter house (Early English), oblon in form, 54 ft. ty 24 ft., may be compared with those of Lincoln, Salisbury, and Chester, belonging to fa wealthier communities. Wolsey destroyed the west front and the greater part of the nave Three sides o the small cloister (54 ft. wide) remain Interna' length 154 ft. (it was 202 ft. when complete) and breadt 102 ft. Interior restorations, 1856, by R. W. Billing.

PETERBOROUGH-CONVENTUAL CHURCH, BENEDICTINE (SS. Peter, Paul, and

See founded 1545. The three arches forming the west front, 153 ft. long, are 73 ft. high in the opening and as a portico, it is the finest and grandest in Europe: " Fergusson. There are only the remains of the cloisters, 132 ft. wide. The external length 480 ft. and 203 ft. wide. The internal length is 426 ft. and the breadth 185 ft. Paley, Remarks on the Arch. of Peterborough Cathedral, 1859. It was under restoration by Edward Blore from 1832; and from 1859 by G. G. Scott, K.A., to his death, 1878. The central tower wal rebuilt by John L. Pearson, R.A., 1885-6.