of which, I believe, there is no other copy in Europe. Chitteldroog, Shevagunga, Banky pour, Chennyroypatam, Ananpour, and many others, are quite new; and Sera, Sirripy, Roydroog, Rettingery, and Chenapatam, appear much more consistent in their positions, than heretofore: and although we cannot expect that either the positive, or relative distances, should be perfectly exact, yet I have every reason to think that they are not far from the truth; and that at all events, the present map affords the best materials that can be procured in this country.

Seringapatam is placed nearly in the position it occupies in Mr. Sulivan's map, in respect both to Bangalore and Mangalore. Its parallel is very uncertain, as there is no good line of distance, to check it, either from the north, or south. Mr. Sulivan's map places it 99 G. miles to the northward of Coimbettore; and Mr. Montresor's 87,4. As I have adhered more to the account of its relative position, in respect of Bangalore; it stands in the map, only 91 from Coimbettore. Besides, a MS. itinerary gives its distance from Sera, at 3 days journey, or 54 G. miles horizontal distance; which is perfectly consistent with the 91 miles from Coimbettore. It is placed in lat. 12° 31′ 45′′, lon. 76° 46′ 45′′.*

Sir George Staunton's journey across the peninsula, from Madras to Mangalore, in 1783, as one of the commifsioners for negociating a treaty of peace with Tippoo Sultan, furnished a list of stages, and the estimated bearings and distances between them, the whole way. These, Sir George most obligingly communicated to me, together with his miscellaneous observations and reflections as he went along: and which, being written on the spot, and dispatched as opportunities offered, may be allowed to exhibit a faithful pic

* Other accounts are as follow: a large map, which I consider as the first that was constructed from the materials, collected during the war of 1767-8; and which may be styled the parent of most of the others, that appear on different scales; gives 99,3 G. miles, west from Kistnagheri; and 2' north of its parallel. This would place Seringapatam 6' west of its position, in the new map. Montresor's map, gives 66 G miles from Bangalore, and Mr. Sulivan's, 58. The first goes 9 beyond it; the other only 2.

ture of the mind that dictated them: and they afford a proof that a long journey, in which many things occurred that usually excite disgust, disappointment, and chagrin (not to mention fatigues and want of comforts); may be performed, not only without disturbing the tranquillity of the traveller; but in such a state of mind, as to leave him a sufficient portion of good humour, to enable him to amuse others.

The commifsioners were conducted by a very circuitous route, as well as impeded in their journey: for after proceeding on the great road from Anicul towards Seringapatam, in a WSW direction, to Malavilly, within about 12 miles of Seringapatam; they were carried to the N, and N W, so as to leave the latter place, at least 25 miles to the southward of them. As far as these estimated bearings and distances enable me to judge, the positions of Anicul and Seringapatam, in the map, are too far to the west, by several miles, in respect of Caveripatam; the last point established in this route, with any degree of certainty. But the route is unfortunately, too crooked, to admit of its being applied as a corrective, in small errors of distance.

Seringapatam is the capital of Mysore, the dominions of Tippoo Sultan; and it is situated in an island of the Cauvery river, about 290 or 300 miles from Madras. It is very strong both by situation and art, and is in a flourishing state. Mysore, a town and fortified post, and as I understand, the ancient capital; lies about 6 or 8 miles to the southward of Seringapatam. Mr. William Townsend, of the East-India Company's civil service, who travelled from Onore to Bednore, and Seringapatam, was 11 days in travelling between the two latter places; which, however, cannot be more than 180 or 190 miles asunder. He represents the whole country he travelled through, as being open and fruitful: nor did he meet with any mountains between the Gauts and Seringapatam.

Darempoury, Caveripatam, Kistnagheri, and Changamah, are obtained by means of a map of the valley of Vaniambaddy (or the

Barra-maul*) which map includes in general all the fortresses contained within the tract usually known by that name. This map is in Mr. Dalrymple's collection, and has much the appearance of general accuracy; the number of forts placed on rocky eminences, in and about it, affording an easy means of determining the relative positions, by triangles. The contents of this map are joined on to Amboor, a primary station; and I made no alteration whatever, in its scale or compafs. Darempoury, the extreme point in this map, to the S W, being thus obtained, stands more southwardly in respect of Arcot, than most other maps represent it: that is, the interval between Darempoury and Carroor, is lefs than is commonly reckoned; and that between Darempoury and Colar, lefs.

Cudapanattam and Vaniambaddy, were set from Amboor rock, and their distances taken from the MS. maps. The roads and places between Cudapanattam and Bangalore; as well as those between this last place and Condour; and also between Bangalore and Darempoury; are taken from the 4 MS. maps, from whence I have. inferred the position of Bangalore: and I consider the places within this tract, to be ascertained with much more precision, than those on the south of Darempoury; and between it and Carroor, and Coimbettore: it being a more confined space, and also much oftener traversed, during the war of 1767. But to recount the particulars, would be both tedious, and useless: as the account would contain nothing more than a comparison of bearings and distances, and the mode of correcting, and working them up, into their present form: the labour of which, although compressed within the compass of a few inches, would scarcely be conceived, or believed. Although most, or all, of the roads that appear in the map, between Darempoury, Attore, Carroor and Coimbettore, have been

The name Barra-mahal, or Barra-maul, anglice the twelve places, was given it because it contained 12 fortresses of some note (viz), Kistnagheri, Jegadivy, Candely, Congoonda, Vaniambaddy, Mahrauzegur, Cockingur, Cooturagur, Bazingur, Tripatore, Tadcull, and Gigangurry.

marched over, either by British armies, or their detachments, at different times; yet seldom having a surveyor with them, or by the want of instruments, or leisure, or both; little has been done for geography, more than barely informing us that such roads and places exist. So that the whole country beyond the first ridge of hills from Arcot, and south of the Barra-maul, can be but vaguely described: no one point, as I before observed, having been mathematically determined, on the north of Carroor and Coimbettore; and was it not for the observation of latitude at Chinna-Balabaram, the position of Bangalore, and all the places dependent on it, would be involved in uncertainty.

The road from Seringapatam to Calicut, is from Col. Humberstone's report; and that from Calicut to Damicotta, is from Jefferies's old map. Of that from Seringapatam to Coimbettore, I have seen several copies: among which there are variations both in the scales, and in the names. Col. Wood went from the Barra-maul to Damicotta, Sattimungulum, and Coimbettore, in the course of his campaign in 1767: but I know not on what authority the road from Damicotta to Mysore, is described.

The determination of the positions in that part of the southern Carnatic, beyond the extent of Mr. Pringle's measured lines, was what interested me particularly: as from its vicinity to a principal settlement, and the scene of much warfare, it may be expected to be a subject of public curiosity. But even here, any more than on the farther side of the mountains, accuracy was not to be attained: for no position was determined mathematically, in the line between Tritchinopoly and Velore: nor even a single line measured from the sea to the hills, to determine the breadth of the Carnatic: nor even a series of triangles, although such a succefsion of tempting marks occur, throughout this whole space. The only particular that presented itself, in the shape of actual measurement, was Mr. Pringle's route from Tritchinopoly to Velore: but this was without bearings, save from the top of Tiagar hill, about midway

between and which, from the greatnefs of the distance, could take in only a part of the line; that is, from Volconda to Trinomaly.

Changamah, as has been said before, is placed by the map of the Barra-maul, from the west: and as Trinomaly in the Carnatic, is not only very near it, but also an eligible primary station, it appeared, that if there was any tolerable authority for Trinomaly, the operation of fixing it, would at the same time verify Changamah, in respect to the eastern coast: which, considering the slender foundation on which it rested, appeared necessary.

Trinomaly hill, which is visible more than 40 G. miles, was found by trigonometrical procefs (that is, by an angle of intersection of 20 degrees, from the hills of Wandiwash and Carumpaucum) to be 40 G. miles from the former, in the direction of W 28° S. I should not have been entirely satisfied with this result, had not the position thus pointed out, agreed nearly with the apparent situation of Trinomaly, in respect of Changamah. This is indeed given by Mr. Sulivan's map, at E 10 N, 13 G. miles; while the bearing of Collispauk from Changamah is NE 20,7; and that of Trinomaly from Collispauk, S 7 W, 12,6 G. miles. But, as Mr. Pringle measured that side of the triangle between Trinomaly and Collispauk, and found it only 11 G. miles (or 15 B. miles in road distance), the side between Changamah and Trinomaly ought to be only 10: and this I have adopted, with a small correction; Mr. Pringle's bearing being S 12 W, instead of S 7 W, as in Mr. Sulivan's map. Sir George Staunton, who travelled along that side of the triangle, between Collispauk and Changamah, estimates the road distance at 19 B. miles; which by this construction, ought to be 23 at least.

Trinomaly, thus adjusted, is 52 G. miles, on a bearing of about WNW, from Pondicherry (the nearest point on the coast). M. D'Anville thought it no more than 48; and a French MS. map, which contains the southern Carnatic, and which has afforded me much N n