The road from Beder to Burhanpour, through Patris and Jaffierabad, is from M. Thevenot. It afsists in determining the position of Jaffierabad, a principal town on the NE of Aurungabad. The road from Nander to Nagpour, through Mahur, is partly from M. Bufsy, and partly from Mr. Ewart; by whose account Mahur is 78 cofses, but by construction about 87, SW from Nag

pour.

The road from Poonah to Beder, is taken from the journal of the late Col. Upton: who returned from his embassy, by the route of Hydrabad, and the circars, to Bengal. His journal has much merit, being very descriptive of the countries and places he passed through; as well as of their respective boundaries: but he was unlucky in estimating his course; and it happens that we have no crofs line to correct it by.

The road from Aurungabad to Sanore-Bancapour, is taken from the map of M. Bufsy's marches: and Sanore was the extreme point of his campaigns, that way. See Orme, Vol. I. p. 425. I could only take the bearing and distance, as I found them in the map: and it is a great defect, that in so considerable an extent, there should be no observation of latitude; that we know of. By the data, Sanore is placed in lat. 15° 39′; lon. 75° 44; or about 117 G. miles E by N from Goa. There is nothing to check this position, from the Malabar side: not even the number of computed cofses from Goa. However, let the matter stand as it may, with respect to the mathematical exactnefs of the question; had it not been for these marches of M. Bussy (the only remaining monument to the French nation, of their former short-lived influence and power in the Deccan), the geography of these parts, would have been extremely imperfect: but as they extend through more than four degrees of latitude, and more than five of longitude; they occupy not only the principal part of the Deccan, but by fixing the positions of so many capital places, and intersecting the courses of so many rivers, tend to clear up many other positions.

K k

Visiapour (or more properly Bejapour) is not so well ascertained, as might be wished; although much improved in its position, by means of Capt. Reynolds's survey, from Poonah to Baddammy, on the south of the Kistnah river; taken a very few years ago.

The nearest point to Bejapour, that can be regarded as fixed, is Arruck, Areek, or Areg, as it is differently written by Capt. Reynolds, by Mandesloe, and by Anquetil du Perron. It lies a few miles from the north bank of the Kistnah river; and is supposed to be about 45 G. miles SW, or S W by W from Bejapour: this idea being collected from Mandesloe's route. On the first construction of the map, I had placed Arruck, partly on the authority of Anquetil du Perron, whose route from Goa to Poonah, is very vaguely described in the first volume of his Zendavista; and partly on that of Mandesloe; these two routes, falling into each other at Arruck and Inapour: and on this foundation, together with the reports of the distance from, Goa, Carwar, and Dabul; and the latitude (as given in the Lettres Edif. Vol. XV.); I had placed Bejapour. The particulars of the distance, &c. are as follow:

Mandesloe, who travelled the roads himself, says, that it is 80 leagues (French, I apprehend) from Dabul, on the coast of Malabar; and 84 from Goa; which may give 142 G. miles from Dabul, and 149 from Goa: making Bejapour in lat. 17° 26' 30", lon. 75° 19′. P. Du Val, who formed a map of Mandesloe's routes (a copy of which is in the British Museum), and probably had lights, besides what are furnished by the travels, to guide him; makes the distance between Dabul and Bejapour, greater than between Bejapour and Goa: which might possibly be the case, though contrary to

what is said in the travels.

Tavernier reckons 85 cofses from Goa to Bejapour (or rather,

* Speaking as a geographer,

perhaps, from Bicholim, the landing place on the continent), or eight days journey: which eight days may give 140 G. miles on a straight line; and agrees with what is said above. Fryer reckons Bejapour ten days journey from Carwar, or about 180 G. miles. Cæsar Frederick agrees with Tavernier, in making it eight days journey from Goa.

The Lettres Edifiantes make the latitude of Bejapour 17° 30'. I placed it in lat. 17° 26' 30", lon. 75° 19'; that is, 149 G. miles from Goa; 142 from Dabul; 171 from Carwar; and 203 from Golconda. At the same time, I thought it probable, that it might not be within 20 miles of its true position.

Capt. Reynolds's route pafsed through Arruck; which he reckoned 110 G. miles from Poonah, whilst my position gave only 101. He also made it 564 east of Poonah; my position 43 only. His latitude 16° 56' 30"; mine 17°. Now, as Bejapour is to be placed in reference to Arruck, it is plain that it ought to take a more easterly position than I had given it: and it is now placed accordingly in latitude 17° 28'; longitude 75° 27′: and somewhat more northwardly in respect of Arruck, than it was before.

Bejapour is a considerable city, and was once the capital of a large kingdom of the same name. It is now in the hands of the Poonah Mahrattas.

Whether it be regarded on the score of novelty, or of actual use, as giving us correct ideas of so many interesting positions, between Poonah and the northern frontier of Tippoo's country; Capt. Reynolds's route is certainly one of the most productive in geographical materials, that we have lately seen: and that, not only in the actual line of his progress, but on either side of it: and this is the true spirit of the science, which contemplates not only the objects that are immediately in view, but directs its inquiries to all around the neighbourhood. General geography will flourish only in the hands of such professors.

Amongst other positions, the following are ascertained by Capt. Reynolds's route:

Sattarah, the capital of the Mahratta state, during the time of the rajahs of Sevajee's line. It lies near the eastern foot of the Gauts, and near the most distant source of the river Kistnah

Merritch (or Merridge), mentioned in page cxxv of the Introduction, as the capital of Purseram Bow, a Mahratta chief. This is situated near the north bank of the Kistnah; eight or nine G. miles to the W NW of Arruck.

Pannella, so much celebrated in the history of Sevajee (see Orme's Historical Fragments of the Mogul Empire): as also Darwar, sometimes written Danwar; which place has been also the subject of history, in our own times; in particular for the siege which it lately sustained against the Mahrattas. It is one of Tippoo's frontier towns, towards the dominions of the Paishwah.

A general idea of the upper part of the course of the Kistnah river is also conveyed by this survey: and Moodul, or Muddul, near it, points out the direction of the route from Goa to Galgala on the Kistnah, travelled by a Portuguese gentleman, who visited Aurungzebe's camp at Galgala, during his campaigns in the Deccan, at the latter end of the last century. The MS. account of this route, was amongst the great variety of communications made by my friend Mr. Dalrymple.

Whether the Baddammy of Capt. Reynolds, be the Bandemgur of M. Bussy's route, I know not. The marches of the British detachment, that accompanied the Mahratta army to Darwar, during the last campaign, will probably settle this point, in common with a great many others.

The travels of M. Anquetil du Perron from Goa to Poonah, furnished some useful matter towards filling up a part, that has long remained almost a perfect void, in the maps of India; but a great part of it is now superseded by the survey of Capt. Reynolds. M. Anquetil speaks of cofses and leagues as synonymous

terms; and reckons 40 of these from Vaddal, at the western foot of the Gauts, and about 12 cofses (or leagues) SE or ESE from Goa, to Areg: and 51 more from Areg to Poonah. One can hardly tell how to denominate his itinerary measure; which is about two G. miles and a sixth in horizontal measure. On the road from Poonah to Nimderra (in page 212), we have observed the same deviation from the standard of the itinerary measures of the country; for, on that road, his cofses turn out exactly two G. miles each, on a straight line. It should be a rule for every traveller to use, not only the measures, but the denomination of the country he passes through; for then we are likely to pofsefs a better scale, than his judgment can furnish us with. This will be understood to apply to computed distances only. I lament exceedingly that M. Anquetil had not a compass with him, with which he might have taken the bearing of the road between Poonah and Aurungabad; and between Goa and Arruck; for in a quarter where geography is so bare of materials, that every notice of the kind is received with avidity, that gentleman had a fair opportunity of distinguishing himself in this way; as he may be said, in some parts of his route, to have trod a new path.

Naldorouk, Malkar, Sakkar, Kandjoly, and other places in the Deccan, are from Mr. Orme's Historical Fragments; to which publication I owe many obligations, as well on the score of rational amusement, as of genuine information.

Raolconda, a famous diamond mine, is placed in Mr. Montresor's map, about 15 G. miles to the west of Ralicotte, and 12 from the north bank of the Kistnah; but I know not on what authority. Tavernier, who visited Raolconda, gives its distance from Golconda at 17 gos, of four French leagues each. He crossed a river, that formed the common boundary of Golconda and Visiapour, about four gos, or more, before he came to Raolconda: and this river can be no other than the Beemah; which to this day, forms the eastern boundary of Visiapour; and passes about Sq