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ESSAYS

ON

ITALY, IRELAND, AND THE UNITED STATES

OF AMERICA.

рас

ON

ITALY AND IRELAND

AND THE

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

Reprinted from the "Revue des Deux Mondes" and the
"Westminster Review."

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Ballantyne & Company, Printers, Edinburgh.

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PREFACE.

'HESE Essays, written during the course of the

THESE

last three years, are now reprinted in a single volume, in the hope that their publication may not be without use to those who watch with interest the great events of our own time. The subjects treated of are, the Rise and Formation of the Kingdom of Italy, the Disestablishment of Ireland's State Church, and the American Civil War, which involved constitutional questions of vital importance to the cause of national self-government.

The writer must, however, venture to ask those who think it worth while to read these Essays, to bear specially in mind, while doing so, the exact date at which each one of them was written. The reason for making such a request arises simply from the extraordinary rapidity with which the changes of the present day are accomplished; for they often entirely alter, within a very brief period, the circumstances and condition of a whole country. Thus have been completely transformed, within a few

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