Pris er höjere en Sölvets, "The price of gold is higher than (that of) silver;" Kapteinens Heltemod var större end Generalens, "The Captain's valour was greater than the General's."

The prepositions ad, af, til, etc., may be used to indicate the genitive; as, en Sön ad (af, or til) Dronningen, "A son of the Queen."

Words expressing weight and quality are placed in direct apposition to the noun which they govern, without taking the genitive case, or using a preposition; as, et Pund Smör, 'a pound (of) butter;' et Glas Vin, ' a glass (of) wine.'

The objective noun which is used directly in the dative precedes the simple objective; as, Manden gav DRENGEN Blommen, "The man gave the boy the plum;" but where the dative is governed by a preposition, it follows the objective; as, Manden gav Blommen TIL DRENGEN, “The man gave the plum to the boy."

Traces of the inflexions of nouns in the Old Northern yet linger in Danish in certain forms of expression, in which the ancient terminations of cases (generally the genitive and dative) have survived; as, ad Hjærtens Lyst, 'to one's heart's content;' at have i Sinde, 'to intend' (have in one's mind); i Live, alive;' til Döde, 'till (or to) death.'

In the oldest forms of Dano-Norwegian, nouns were classed under three genders, survivals of which are still to be found in the provinces, where the peasants retain the use of the feminine gender for various inanimate objects.

Nouns of the common gender acquire a distinct feminine significance, (1) by the addition of inde, or ske; as, en

Dandser (m.), a male dancer;' en Dandserinde (f.), 'a woman dancer ;' en Holländer, ‘a Dutchman;' en Hollånderinde, a Dutchwoman;' en Syerske, 'a work woman.' (2) By the use of a characteristic noun or pronoun; as, en Bondekone, a peasant woman;' en Hunkanin, 'a doerabbit.'

Some nouns have changed their gender in the course of time; and in regard to others, it may be said that their right gender is undecided, as in the case of Slags, ‘kind,' Helbred, health,' Punkt, 'point,' which may be used with an article and adjective of the common, or the neuter gender.

The older and original form of gender may often be determined by the survival of some idiomatic expression; as, at gå i Tåget, 'to be in (a cloud), a muddle;' efter Bogstaven, 'literally,' ' according to the letter,' although Tåge, a mist,' is now of the common gender, and Bogstav, 'letter,' is neuter.

The following list gives some examples of the numerous nouns which vary in meaning in accordance with differences of gender :

en Ark, an ark;

en Birk, a birch;

en Bo, a dwelling;
en Flor, a bloom;
en Frö, a frog;
en Gran, spruce-fir;

en Kuld, a cold;

et Ark, a sheet of paper.

et Birk, Danish provincial jurisdiction. et Bo, an estate.

et Flor, gauze.
et Frö, a seed.

et Gran, an atom, grain.

et Kuld, descendant of same parents.

en Led, a side;

en Lod, a portion;

et Led, a link; wicket-gate.

et Lod, a plummet, ounce-weight.

en Mor, a moor (Dan.) et Mor, moire (silk fabric).

en Nögle, a key;

et Nögle, a ball of thread (Dan.)

en Rim, a hoar-frost; et Rim, a rhyme.

en Segl, a sickle;

en Spand, a bucket; (Dan.)

et Segl, a seal; sail (Norw.)

et Spand, a span; team of horses; bucket, (Norw.)

en Söm, a seam; sew- et Söm; a nail (Dan.)

ing; nail (Norw.)

en Vår, spring (of

the year);

en Öre, a piece of

money;

et Vår, a pillow-case.

et Öre, an ear.

In former times there was a larger number of such words than at present, for the tendency here, as elsewhere in Dano-Norwegian, is to simplify and minimize rules and exceptions. Thus many words having different meanings, which were formerly distinguished by differences of gender, are now reduced to one gender, while their special significance is often indicated by some slight but definite accentuation. Danes and Norwegians in some cases use different genders, as Smäld, crack,' 'smack,' which the former refer to the neuter, and the latter to the common gender.

Danish adapts itself with the most facile readiness to the formation of compounds, the gender of which is regulated by that of the last word in the combined group; as, et Moderland (n.), ‘a mother-land;' en Klædebod, 'draper's shop; Handklædetöj (n.), 'towelling.'

ADJECTIVES. (Tillægsord.)

Adjectives must agree in number and gender, both with the noun which they qualify, and with that to which they stand in the relation of predicates; as, et lidet Hus, 'a little house;' Vejen var hende for lang, 'the way was too long for her;' de söde små Börn, 'the dear (sweet) little children!' Generalens Værelser vare ikke så store som mine, 'the General's rooms were not so large as mine.'

The plural adjectives få, 'few,' mange, ‘many,' alle, ‘all,' admit of being used with a singular verb, and without the adjective-article; as, der kommer få Mand,' a few men (man) are coming;' Klokken er mange, 'it is late, (the clock is many); alle gang, every (all) time.'

6

Al, alt (n.), ‘all,' begge, 'both,' precede the noun directly, without the adjective-article, while they require the affixarticle to be appended to the noun; as, al Verden, 'all the world;' alt Græsset, 'all the grass;' Begge Pigerne, 'both the girls.'

Hel, 'all,' 'whole,' may be used with either article; as, hele Huset, or det hele Hus, the whole house.'

Adjectives may be used as, and in the place of, nouns, the latter being understood; as, hun ælskede den Gode, 'she loved the good (man, person);' De Stolte, 'the proud! (people).'

Some adjectives, expressive of worth, or obligation, follow the objective noun, instead of standing near the subjectnoun; as, Præsten er den Ære værdig, the clergyman is worthy of the honour;' Soldaten er Generalen intet skyldig, 'the soldier owes the General nothing.'

Adjectives follow the noun when used as titular distinctions; as, Knud den store, 'Canute the Great;' Karl den femte, Charles the Fifth.'

When adjectives are used to represent nouns they follow the same rules as the latter in regard to the genitive, which they form by adding s; as, de Godes Handlinger og de Slettes, the actions of the good and the bad.' An apostrophe is inadmissible here, as in the case of nouns, although in some names, more especially when they are of foreign origin, it is occasionally used, as Darius's.

In the following list of the numerals will be found the several forms of numeration, common among Danes and Norwegians respectively.

The Cardinal Numbers.

These are the same among both peoples up to 30; as,