RESEARCHES

ON

THE DANUBE AND THE ADRIATIC.

ON THE

DANUBE AND THE ADRIATIC;

OR,

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MODERN HISTORY

OF

ΑΝΙΑ,

HUNGARY AND TRANSYLVANIA, DALMATIA AND

CROATIA, SERVIA AND BULGARIA.

1862.

PREFACE.

This work is a remodelling of the substance of my four former volumes on the regions of the Danube and the Adriatic, at less than a fifth of the original price. All the ephemeral politics and secondary incidents have been omitted, and their places supplied by fresh historical digests; for although I avoid noticing the very latest events of the day, I nevertheless attempt, by maturer and more extended investigations into physical geography, and into the now much advanced science of ethnology, to enable the general reader to see clearly into the hitherto dark labyrinth of these complicated nationalities, so as to arrive at the normal and permanent causes of those movements which from time to time have agitated the Danubian and Adriatic regions of the Austrian Empire, and of Turkey in Europe.

The portraits of most of the leading personages who have figured in the modern history of the Austrian and Ottoman Empires, taken not from books but from the life, have been carefully retouched, while everything relating to History and Geography, Manners and Customs, the