Iberians, who were purest along the Mediterranean and the slope of the Pyrenees, and may have come from the east, originally from the Caucasian Iberia. Finally, there were the Cynetæ, in the west or south-west, who might possibly either have come from Africa, as their position would suggest, or else have formed part of an Ethiopian ring once encircling the Old World. In either case, should the Cynetæ prove to be Ethiopians, it would most likely be Libyan or Sub-Semitic intrusion from the east into Barbary and the Sahara that divided them from their kindred beyond the Desert.

The following resemblances between Trans-Saharic languages and Basque are in favour of the hypothesis that the Cynetæ were Ethiopians, or, at least, that there was an Ethiopian race in ancient Spain :—

The Central Indian (Kol, Santali, Bhumij, Mandala) buru, 'mountain', should likewise be compared with the Basque buru, 'head', as also the African (Kiriman) muru, 'head', should be with the Basque muru, 'hill'.

The following words for 'hair' are found in Madagascar and Australasia, regions where the Ethiopian or t-n hand

five has been previously detected (p. 21):-Madagascar, wulu; Lombok, bulu; Sumbawa and Celebes, welua; Borneo, ulu; Australia, yal, eeal, (and also walo, wollar, wollak,

Sudo is nose' in a Finnish language, the Mordvin, where kämen is 'ten', and thus resembles Ethiopian 'tens' (p. 24).

In Central India, á, bái, váyi are words for mouth'; and in Southern India, vai, bai, boi: in the Caucasus there is the Tshetsh bagga.

To these should be added the following words for 'tongue':-Tasmania, mena; Polynesia, mangee (Paumotu),

mea (Vanikoro), mia (Tanema).

With regard to the value of these words as signs of affinity in language or in race, it may be mentioned that all their English exponents are German as well, thus indicating our true pedigree; and that they form, moreover, ten out of the twelve names for members of the human body that have been selected as tests of ethnical affinity (Latham, Comp. Phil., p. 679). The other two names are, in Basque-escu, 'hand', for which see ante, p. 16; and azur or ezur, 'bone', which comes near the Munipuri surru, 'bone' (between Assam and Burmah), the Dungmáli súr-wá, 'bone' (E. Nepal), and the Gyarung syárhú, 'bone' (Tibet).

Of the two great divisions of the globe, 'earth' and 'sea', the first is called in Basque lur, which seems the same as the Gaelic làr, the Welsh llawr, the Cornish ler, and the Breton leur, which have all the like meaning; while ́sea is called itsaso, which may be explained without difficulty from Guinea dialects::

The double meaning of the Greek äλs, 'salt, sea', would lead us to identify together the Avekvom etsa, ́ salt', and etya, 'sea'. Similar African words for 'salt' are:-yase (Koama), yesa (Guresha), adsi (Papel), and several more. It is plain that such a word as the Basque its-aso,' sea', might be made out of the Avekvom etsa-esonh, the Adampe edse-esi, the Mahi idse-ezi, or the Dahomey dse-zi, 'saltwater'. 'Water', again, is su in Turkish; wesi in Finnish;

asi, esi, in Assamese; and oso, uzu, in Mongolian. In Basque it is ur, which is like the Central Indian er, ir, yer, 'water', as the Basque erri, iri, uri, 'village', is like the Central and Southern Indian ur, uru, village', the Central Indian urá, ora, 'house', the Southern Indian arra, house', and the Brahúi urá, 'house'. But it would be better to proceed further with numerals before touching more on the Aboriginal Indian affinities of the Basque, which should also be considered in connection with its Caucasian or Iberian affinities.

The next list of numerals includes such fives' as are similar to Aryan 'fives'. Unlike the 'fives' incorporated in Aryan 'sixes', and which have been called above s fives, these other fives' occupy no continuous, or approximately continuous, area on the earth's surface, but occur in a number of regions isolated from one another, as if they had been scattered or repelled by the intrusion and pressure of s fives. In Asia they might be styled Himalayan, as the mountains of that name form a kind of axis for the area within which they lie, with the exception of the countries into which the Aryans would have carried them, after taking them up in the original Aryan home in Mount Imaus. In America, on the other hand, their position is maritime, as they seem confined to Alashka, Oregon, and Florida, at least where such words are used numerically. In Africa they are rarely so used, though Africa presents, under other applications, the fullest collection of this class of words. The African terms will accordingly be found below, compared in succession with those afforded by the other three continents:

AFRICA.

Dewoi gbo, 'leg'.1

AMERICA.

1 Such a root as gbë, kvë, quë, would give both the Momenya bu and ku, next following, and might, with an original sense like 'limb', be the base of all the terms in the list, being sometimes doubled, and used with an anuswara suffix, much as the Latin quamquam is formed.

1 In ainaakhvanam, 'seven', pinaiviakhvanam, 'eight', chtameakhvanam, ‘nine', and tamemiakhvanam, 'ten'; ainak and painaivak being 'two' and 'three' in Kuskutshewak, while stamek and talemek are other Esquimaux forms for 'four' and 'five'.

2 Why should'ten' and 'arms' be apparently produced by omitting the initial k of 'five' and 'arm"? Perhaps, as k is the symbol of unity, its omission might be thought to imply plurality.