and Hindustan were possessed or colonised by the same extraordinary race.'

Philostratus introduces the Brahman Iarchus by stating to his auditor that the Ethiopians were originally an Indian race compelled to leave India for the impurity contracted by slaying a certain monarch to whom they owed allegiance."2

Eusebius states that the Ethiopians emigrating from the River Indus settled in the vicinity of Egypt."

In Philostratus, an Egyptian is made to remark that he had heard from his father that the Indians were the wisest of men, and that the Ethiopians, a colony of the Indians, preserved the wisdom and usage of their forefathers and acknowledged their ancient origin. We find the same assertion made at a later period, in the third century, by Julius Africanus, from whom it has been preserved by Eusebius and Syncellus.*

Cuvier, quoting Syncellus, even assigns the reign of Amenophis as the epoch of the colonization of Ethiopia from India.5

The ancient Abyssinians (Abusinians), as already remarked, were originally migrators to Africa from the banks of Abuisin, a classical name for the Indus."

As will appear from the accounts of the commercial position of India in the ancient world, commerce on an extensive scale existed between ancient India and Abyssinia, and we find Hindus in large numbers settled in the

Asiatic Researches. Vol. I, P. 426,

2V. A, III, 6. See "India in Greece," p. 200.

3 Lemp, Barkers' edition; "Meroe."

4 See "India in Greece,” p. 205. 5P. 18 of his "Discours," &c.

6 Heeren's Historical Researches, Vol. II, p. 310.

latter country, "whence also," says Colonel Tod, "the Hindu names of towns at the estuaries of the Gambia and Senegal rivers, the Tamba Cunda and another Cundas." He continues: "A writer in the Asiatic Journal (Vol. IV, p. 325) gives a curious list of the names of places in the interior of Africa, mentioned in Park's Second Journey, which are shown to be all Sanskrit, and most of them actually current in India at the present day."

1See Tod's Rajasthan, Vol. II, p. 309, footnote.

II-PERSIA.

Not vainly did the early Persian make
His altar the high places, and the peak
Of earth-o'ergazing mountains, and thus take
A fit and unwalled temple, there to seck
The spirit, in whose honour shrines are weak,
Upreared of human hands.

- BYRON : Childe Harold.

MR. POCOCKE says: "I have glanced at the Indian settlements in Egypt, which will again be noticed, and I will now resume my observations from the lofty frontier, which is the true boundary of the European and Indian races. The Parasoos, the people of Parasoo Ram, those warriors of the Axe, have penetrated into and given a name to Persia; they are the people of Bharata ; and to the principal stream that pours its waters into the Persian Gulf they have given the name of Eu-Bharat.es (Euphrat-es), the Bharat Chief."1

says:

Professor Max Muller's testimony is decisive on the point. Discussing the word Arya,' he "But it was more faithfully preserved by the Zoroastrians, who migrated from India to the North-west and whose religion has been preserved to us in the Zind Avesta, though in fragments only." He again says: "The Zorastrians were a colony from Northern India."3

Professor Heeren says: "In point of fact the Zind is derived from the Sanskrit, and a passage in Manu India in Greece, p. 45. 2Science of Language, p. 242. 3 Science of Language, p. 253.

(Chapter X, slokes 43-45) makes the Persians to have descended from the Hindus of the second or Warrior caste."1

शनकैस्तु क्रिया लोपादिमाः क्षत्रियजातयः ।

बृषलत्वम् गतालोके ब्राह्मण दर्शनेन च ॥
utuaigāts zlası: fater: 2971: War: /

q1ce1: q9ga1gataı: facıat: ezer: @ETI: ||

The old name of the country, Iran, was given by the first settlers there, who were Airan, the descendants of Aira, the son of Pururavas the son of Budha of the Lunar race. (Airan is plural of Aira). These settlers had been expelled from India after long wars, spoken of by ancient chronicles of Persia as wars between Iran and Turan, Turan being a corrupt form of Suran, Sura the Sun, the sun tribes. The tribe of "Cossai" seen near the banks of the Tigris, are the people of Kasi, the classical name of Benares.

Sir W. Jones says: "I was not a little surprised to find that out of ten words in Dú Perron's Zind Dictionary, six or seven were pure Sanskrit."s

Mr. Haag, in an interesting essay on the origin of Zoroastrian religion, compares it with Brahminism, and points out the originally-close connection between the Brahminical and the Zoroastrian religions, customs and observances. After comparing the names of divine beings, names and legends of heroes, sacrificial rites, religious observances, domestic rites, and cosmographical opinions that occur both in the Vedic and Avesta writings, he says: "In the Vedas as well as in the older Historical Researches, Vol. II, p. 220.

2India in Greece, p. 161.

Sir W, Jones' works, Vol. I, pp. 82 and 83,

portions of the Zind-Avesta (see the Gathas), there are sufficient traces to be discovered that the Zoroastrian religion arose out of a vital struggle against a form which the Brahminical religion had assumed at a certain early period." After contrasting the names of the Hindu Gods and the Zoroastrian deities, Professor Haug says: "These facts throw some light upon the age in which that great religious struggle took place, the consequence of which was the entire separation of the Ancient Iranians from the Brahmans and the foundation of the Zoroastrian religion. It must have occurred at the time when Indra was the chief god of the Brahmans."2

It is not an easy matter to ascertain the exact period at which the Hindu colonization of Persia took place. It is certain, however, that it took place long before the Mahabharata. Colonel Tod says: "Ujameda, by his wife, Nila, had five sons, who spread their branches on both sides of the Indus. Regarding three the Puranas are silent, which implies their migration to distant regions. Is it possible they might be the origin of the Medes? These Medes are descendants of Yayat, third son of the patriarch, Menu: and Madai, founder of the Medes, was of Japhet's line. Aja Mede, the patronymic of the branch of Bajaswa, is from Aja ‘a goat.' The Assyrian Mede in Scripture is typified by the goat."

Haug's Essays on the Parsees, p. 287.

2 Hang's Essays on the Parsees, p. 288.

Of great importance for showing the originally-close relationship between the Brahminical and Parsi religions, is the fact that several of the Indian gods are actually mentioned by name in the Zind Avesta, some as demons, others as angels.--Haug's Essays, p. 272.

3Tod's Rajasthan, Vol. I, p. 41.