Niebuhr have followed, xlvi; abstract of his route, xlvii ; returns to Aden,
embarks, runs for Africa and visits Zaila and Berbera; truth of his de-
scriptions, xlviii; circumstantial evidence of the season at which this
voyage was made, xlix; Varthema crosses the Indian ocean to Diu in
Guzerat; thence to Gogo; and thence westward to Julfar in the Per-
sian Gulf, Máskat, and Hormuz, 1; notices of Hormuz and its his-
tory, 1, li.
Varthema's visit to Eri or Herat, lii; difficulty about his "large and fine
river;" Shiraz, liii; his meeting with a Persian merchant "Cozazionor,"
who becomes his travelling companion; advantages of this to Varthema,
liv; they start for Samarcand, but are turned back by the Sufi's perse-
cution of the Shi'äs; confirmation of this from history, lv, lvi; Cozazionor
proposes to give Varthema his niece in marriage, lvii; they reach Hormuz
and embark for India, arriving at Cheo or Jooah on the Indus; they
reach Cambay, lviii; truth of particulars regarding it.
Political state of Western India at this period, lviii; accession to the
throne of Guzerat of Mahmûd Shah, surnamed Bigarrah, who reigned
during Varthema's visit, lix; Mussulman kingdom of the Deccan, its
vicissitudes and subdivision; 'Adil Shah of Bijapur, Varthema's "King
of Deccan," lx; the Brahminical kingdom of Bijayanagar; Ramrâj of
that state, Varthema's "King of Narsinga," lxi; Rajah of Cannanore;
kingdom of the Zamuri Rajah or Zamorin, lxii; history of his pre-
eminence as given by the Portuguese; Quilon, lxiii; Chayl; kingdom
of Bengal under the Purbî sultans.
Varthema's account of the Jains and the Joghis, lxiv; his description of
Sultan Mahmûd's mustachioes confirmed by the Mussulman historians.
Varthema's journey along the coast, inland to Bîjapûr and back to the
coast, and so to Cannanore, lxv; his abstinence from communication
with the Portuguese already established there; visit to Bijayanagâr,
and remarks on his notices of the coinage; return to the coast and
journey along it to Calicut, lxvi; fullness, truth, and originality of his
descriptions of manners and peculiarities here, of the distinctions of
castes and singular marriage customs, lxvii; remarks upon these.
Varthema and his companion quit Calicut by the Backwaters, for Kayan-
Kulam and Colon or Quilon, lxix; thence to Chayl; position of the
latter; city of Cioromandel, lxx, probably Negapatam; their visit to
Ceylon; they proceed to Paleachet or Pulicat, Ixxi; remarks suggested
by the narrative as to the freedom of trade, and protection of foreign
traders in India in those days, lxxi; many subordinate ports then fre-
quented even by foreign vessels are now abandoned and have disap-
peared from the maps, lxxii; causes of the greater commercial centraliza-
tion of the present day, and doubts whether the improvement of access
to the old intermediate ports would not have been attended by better
results; general prosperity which seems to have prevailed, and for which
a much less equal distribution of property has now been substituted;
impartial administration of justice in old India; the comparative costli-
ness and tardiness of our system; humorous story in illustration related
by an Arab merchant, lxxiv.
Sketch of the political geography of the Transgangetic Peninsula, lxxvi;
Pegu, Siam, Ava, and Toungoo; the various kingdoms of Sumatra ;
"Moors" and "Pagans;" Java, lxxvii; sovereigns of the farther islands
visited by Varthema.
The travellers sail from Pulicat to Tarnassari or Tenasserim, lxxviii;
truthful features of the description; Varthema's notice of the Hornbill,
lxxix; of extraordinary marriage usages; voyage to the "city of Ban-
ghella," lxxx; discussion as to the whereabouts of the city so indicated,
with various quotations; wealth and abundance of products, lxxxii;
meeting with Christians from the city of Sarnau, and probable identifi-
cation of that place, from passage in Odorico; remarks on the interest-
ing character of Fra Odorico's narrative, lxxxiii; these Christians advised