have furnished him with a plea for indolence or indifference, or only called forth a decent attention. to his studies; but he valued his fortune only as it enabled him to strengthen and enlarge his mind, and to qualify himself for public pursuits. In the Temple, he therefore pursued his studies with the zeal which characterised their commencement, and emulated the diligence of those, who could look only to a profession for advancement. In England he found also an additional motive for exertion. If it was not there that he first learned the distinction between an Englishman and a colonist, it was there that he was most painfully wounded by it. Pride is a striking feature in the English character. Glorying in their country, they think they have a right to be proud, and they do not merely yield to the sentiment but cherish it as ennobling. Now, however becoming this may appear to its votaries, it is seen in a less amiable light by its objects, and its victims. In the colonies, the people cherished the idea that they were of the English race, and endeavoured to associate themselves with the military, the civil, and the literary, glory of England. The colonists read Shakspeare and Milton with the feelings of Englishmen. It was their ambition

"That Chatham's language was their mother tongue,
"And Wolf's great name compatriot with their own."

But in England the colonist was taught to be less aspiring. At every step he was met by some mortifying distinctions, which checked his presumption; and though the laws made no difference between the subjects of the crown, whether born at home or abroad, the pride of the English would not permit them to receive, as equals, a colonial race, unadorned by a nobility, and unsupported by hereditary wealth. In the intercourse of society, nothing makes a deeper impression on the youthful mind, or will be more keenly resented, than a contemptuous deportment. The practice which prevailed in the southern provinces, of completing the education of their youth in England, had not, therefore, the effect of binding faster the links which united the mother country and the colonies.

The mortifications to which our youth were of tén exposed in England, rather sent them home with alienated affections; and the sentiment that America could be nothing of herself, so long as she was dependent upon Europe, gradually gained ground. In all appointments, civil and military, for the colonies, an unwise government cherished rather than repressed these distinctions and jealousies. Places of confidence and profit were committed almost entirely to Europeans, and America was governed, not as an integral member of the British

empire, but as a dependent province, erected and administered only for the advantage of an insolent step-mother. This degradation was felt by all, but even the most enlightened, though sensible that there was something wrong in the relations of the two countries, knew not what was the remedy..

After completing his studies in the Middle Temple, Mr. Heyward set out upon his travels. Several years were spent in visiting different countries on the continent of Europe. Nor was his tour unprofitable to him. He endeavoured to travel with the spirit of a patriot, that undazzled by the magnificence of Europe, he might preserve his heart true to America. With such feelings, he could not but compare the general industry, the moderate fortunes, the absence of extreme poverty, the equality of ranks, the simple style of living, and the domestic felicity in America, with the bloated wealth, the aristocratic pride, the pauperism, the luxury, and the licentiousness, which glared upon him from every direction, in Europe. He was not insensible of her advancement in science, letters, and arts, and the conveniences and elegances of life; but he loved to turn his eyes towards those contrasts which would strengthen his attachment to the place of his birth, and the home of his affections.

Untainted by gay life, and contented with the moderation of his own country, he returned from Europe. He brought back an understanding improved by books and men. Society and pleasure had not alienated him from his profession; and he, therefore, entered immediately upon the labours of the law. In 1773, he was united to Miss Mathews, a lady of an amiable temper, and a beautiful person. In her society, his affectionate dispositions were indulged and cherished. In the midst of his domestic enjoyments and professional advancement, the differences between England and the colonies, which had only been allowed to repose since 1764, were renewed. Mr. Heyward was no stranger to the principles which alone could reconcile them; nor would his zealous temper permit him to speculate merely on the questions in dispute. He could not be ignorant of the weight which his fortune, his education, and his profession, gave him in society; he, therefore, early associated himself with the venerable leaders of the revolution.

Uniting a fearless with, an amiable temper, he soon became a favourite with the people. He was elected to the first revolutionary assembly in the province, and shortly after chosen a member of the council of safety, an office bestowed only on the determined and the prudent. Their powers were

VOL. IV.-C

discretionary, and their duties grave and weighty. To collect intelligence, to awe the disaffected, to direct the public mind, and to see that the youthful commonwealth suffered no injury, were services which demanded no small portion of wisdom and courage, ability and address.

Without such a machine, the revolution must have moved heavily along. His fidelity to this trust recommended him to higher honours. When, in 1775, on the expectation of an invasion, John Rutledge and Christopher Gadsden were recalled from congress to be employed at home in the defence of the state, Mr. Heyward was selected to supply one of the vacancies. His modesty led him to hesitate in accepting the appointment, and he only yielded to the wishes of a respectable delegation of citizens. He arrived at Philadelphia in time to attend in his place upon the discussion of American Independence; and found himself in the midst of that assembly of sages; whose sagacity and intrepidity had reminded a Chatham of the fathers of ancient Rome. Here he was daily enlightened and elevated by the mellow wisdom of Franklin, the indignant eloquence of Adams, and the aspiring genius of Jefferson.

America had before this been alienated from England, by unkindness and oppression: to cut asun