these lie near Callington. They are very valuable, the arts being much indebted to the assistance of this orẹ in various of their processes; such as, bleaching linen and paper;* giving the violet colour to glass, and the black hue to Wedgwood ware.

Arsenic. Arsenical Pyrites, both massive and cristallized, occurs in many of the copper mines in Gwennap, Illogan, &c.

Scheele. Wolfram, massive and crystallized, is found in Poldice, and other mines in Gwennap, and at Ketchill, near Callington.

Uranite. All the varieties of this semi-metal are produced at Carharrach, Huel Gorland, Tolcarne, and Huel Unity,

Menacanite. Of this I have already made mention. Molybdana is found in very small quantities at Huel Unity, in Gwennap.

Of the mineral crystallizations peculiar to Cornwall, the following, I believe, is a pretty correct list.

* The bleaching liquor prepared from manganese is used for bleaching the rags with which the paper is made. It renders the brownest rags perfectly white, and fit for making the finest paper. It is well known to be capable of whitening paper after being manufactured; but it is not used by papermakers for that purpose,

All the varieties of Arseniate of Copper, described by Count de Bournon, and analyzed by Chenevix, published in the Transactions of the Royal Society for the year 1801; found at Huel Gorland and Huel Unity.

Arseniate of Copper, of the olive green colour, found at Carharrack mine.

Arseniate of Iron, crystallized in cubes, found at the same place.

Wood tin found in several stream works, more particularly in the parish of St. Stephen's, and on the Goss moors, near Bodmin.

To these should be added a schedule of the very rare, though not peculiar crystallizations..

Horn Silver, mentioned before.

Red Copper Ore, crystallized in perfect cubes, octoedrons and dodecaedrons, with the intermediate passages.

Copper Pyrites, or yellow copper ore, in perfect tetraedrons, dodecaedrons, &c. from North-Down mines, in the parish of Redruth; Tincroft mine, in Illogan, &c

Sulphuret of Copper, or vitreous copper ore, crystallized in six-sided prisms, with and without double sixsided pyramids, hexangular tables, and double hexangular pyramids, &c. from Cook's Kitchen, Dolcooth, Tincruft, Crevor, and Godolphin mines.

Grey Copper Ore, crystallized, in tetraedrons and decaedrons, with the intermediate passage of crystallization; from Huel Jewel, in Gwennap.

Variegated or Purple Copper Ore, crystallized, in cubes, from Dolcooth and Huel Jewel.

Sulphuret of Tin, or Tin Pyrites; from St. Agnes and St. Stephen's parishes.

Carbonat of Lead, crystallized in hexangular prisms, with and without hexangular pyramids; from North Downs, Huel Unity, and Huel Rose.

Sulphat of Lead, crystallized, octoedral, &c. from a mine near Heyl.

Oxyde of Uranite, crystallized, in cubes, four-sided tables, &c. from Carharrack, Tolcarne, and Huel Gorland mines.

Blende, crystallized, in perfect tetraedrons, octoedrons, cubes, &c. from St. Agnes parish.

Grey Ore of Antimony, described by Count de Bournon, exceedingly rare.

Hydrophanous Opal, from Huel Clinton, in Gwennap.

Topaz, crystallized, white and yellow, an oxyde of tin, from St. Agnes parish.

Felspar, crystallized, in rhombs, &c. from Polgooth, Penandrea, in Redruth, and Roselobly mines, in Gwennap.

Fluor, crystallized, in octoedrons, cubes with truncated corners, also in crystals of twenty-four sides.

As the miners of Cornwall form so considerable a part of the population of the mining country, they would of course attract our attention, and we observed a few circumstances in their character as a body, which appeared to distinguish them from ail other tribes of workmen that had before fallen under our notice. These peculiarities naturally arise from the nature of their employment, which is altogether unlike that of the labouring classes in general throughout the kingdom. I believe I have before observed, that the expense of sinking the shafts, and cutting the adits, or courses by which part of the water is drained from the mines, lies with the adventurers, who furnish also the machinery for the works. The lode is then taken by the miners on tribute, as it is called, or in other words, on speculation; an agreement by which they undertake to drive the vein and raise the ore, (finding their own tools, candles, gunpowder, &c.) on the condition of their receiving a certain proportion of the profits on the copper or tin produced and sold, be it little or much; a proportion which is determined and ac

counted for every month. This circumstance of the uncertainty of their gains has a marked effect upon their character. The activity which hope inspires keeps their spirits in an agreeable agitation, renders their minds lively and alert, and prevents that dulness which generally characterizes the English labourer. Should success crown their speculation, it is needless to say that joy is the result; but if it terminate otherwise, the expectation of a more fortunate take holds out its never-failing consolations to them, and the charm of perspective good fortune quickly banishes all the gloom of present disappointment. They cannot be distressed by want, as the adventurers always make an advance to them after an unlucky attempt, to provide immediate necessaries for themselves and families; and thus relieved from a care which deadens all the energies of a common labourer under misfortune, and bows him down to the dust, they proceed to a second experiment with unabated ardour, and undiminished spirits. As their profits are regulated by proportions, and determined by calculations, their interest naturally leads them to become conversant with numbers; and there are scarcely any of them who are not acquainted with the lower branches of arithmetic. The various machinery too employed in the mines directs their attention so much to the mechanical powers, that it