"Dieses Buch gehört zur Literatur des In- und des Auslandes; denn es hat einen deutschen Verfasser, ist zum Teil aus dem Deutschen übersetzt und wird eine Zierde der englischen wissenschaftlichen Literatur sein. Wir kennen den Dr. Abel längst als einen der Seltenen, welche zugleich durch Strenge der wissenschaftlichen Methode und Sicherheit des empirischen Takts, wie durch Feinheit des Sprachgefühls, in das Wesen einzelner Sprachen mit der Absicht und mit dem Erfolge eindringen, das Wesen menschlicher Sprache überhaupt tiefer zu erkennen. Denn auch von dem grösseren Werke des Verfassers über das Koptische abgesehen, durch welches er sich eine Stelle in der vordersten Reihe der deutschen Sprachforscher eworben hat, dessen Würdigung aber über die Grenzen dieses Magazins wie über den sprachlichen Horizont des Referenten hinausgeht, hat sich Dr. Abel, dem deutschen gebildeten Publikum durch einige deutsch geschriebene Abhandlungen, welche in dem vorliegenden Buche englisch wieder erscheinen, als ein Meister in der Erweiterung und Vertiefung der Bedeutungslehre bekannt gemacht."-Professor LAZARUS in Magazin f. d. Literatur d. In- und Auslandes, Nov. 3, 1883.

"Messrs. Trübner & Co., of London, have just published a volume of Linguistic Essays, by Dr. Carl Abel, of Berlin, who has rapidly taken rank among the first philologists of our time. Language, as not merely the expression, but the embodiment of a nation's general views of men and things, is the theme of the first six Essays. In the seventh Essay he discusses the possibility of a common literary language for the Slav nations. The eighth Essay, on 'Coptic Intensification,' and the ninth, 'On the Origin of Language,' discuss the most mystical problem of the philologist by the latest historical light of Egyptian philology. The tenth and last Essay, 'On the Order and Position of Words in the Latin Sentence,' treats very ingeniously and learnedly of the intellectual principles of laws which determine the arrangement of words in a sentence. Dr. Abel is a leader of the 'Junggrammatische Schule' fast growing up in Germany, which is endeavouring to promote the growth of psychological linguistics, in contradistinction to the prevailing formalism of elementary and abstract grammar. No one would suspect from reading these Essays that he was a Prussian, and not a born Englishman.”—The Critic, New York, Sept. 23, 1882.

"This book is a somewhat miscellaneous collection of essays by a German scholar, who enjoys considerable reputation as a writer on language in general, and Egyptian philology in particular. His point of view is the psychological side of speech, a field in which Professors Lazarus and Steinthal have worked with distinguished ability. The author lays down, as the basis of his studies, the proposition that a nation's language is an embodiment of its general views of men and things; hence a comparative survey of the significations of words in the idioms of different races is a ready means of estimating their relative moral and intellectual qualities. It must be conceded that Dr. Abel has introduced us to a field which promises exceedingly important discoveries, but of which scholars are as yet scarcely beyond the border.”—Literary World, Boston, Sept. 9, 1882.

"Dr. Abel, the author of a new German treatise upon Language, recently published in London, is one of the first philologists in Germany. Though still comparatively a young man, he is a leader of the Junggrammatische Schule, now rapidly recruiting in Germany, the aim of which is to promote the growth of psychological linguistics in contradistinction to the prevalent formalism of elementary and abstract grammar; in other words, to make philology yield fruit as well as leaves. Dr. Abel is one of the few German writers of eminence whose English style never betrays his Teutonic origin. No Englishman writes more faultless or idiomatic English. We see it announced that he is to deliver a course of lectures this season at Oxford, where he will renew his efforts to 'eman

cipate philology from the thrall of conventionalism, and to make its waste places blossom as the rose.""-Harper's Magazine, October 1882.

"It is because Dr. Abel believes that the signification of words and forms reflects a nation's general view of mind and life, and carries on his researches on the basis of national and international linguistic analysis, that we gladly recommend these thoughtful and attractive Essays to the readers of Mind. Students of English especially may be congratulated upon a contribution to their branch of knowledge which combines no ordinary amount of empirical tact with a degree of sprachgefühl unusual even in the Germans themselves."-HERBERT MORTON BAYNES, in Mind, April 1883. "This is an extremely interesting volume. The author's ultimate object is to render philology a comparative conceptology of nations; and all his essays are so thoughtful, so full of happy illustrations, and so admirably put together, that we hardly know to which we should specially turn to select for our readers a sample of his workmanship. His first Essay, on Language as the Expression of National Modes of Thought,' is quite a model of sound and suggestive criticism; and not less admirable is the third Essay, which deals with the English verbs of command. Very striking, too, is the Essay on the Conception of Love in some Ancient and Modern Languages.'"-The Tablet, July 29, 1882.

"Dr. Abel's philological essays are very interesting and suggestive studies of certain aspects of the use of language, and are characterised by thoroughness, clearness, and philosophical acumen. Popular in style, they contain a great many fresh, brilliant, and learned observations from the point of view of a philosophical student of language. Archbishop Trench has taught us how fruitful such themes may be when approached with adequate skill and scholarship: this is a pleasant glimpse of another excursion into the same field."-The Literary World.

"Dr. Abel has published an exceedingly subtle and delicate discrimination of the words expressive of love in several ancient and modern languages. The different shades and modes of the very variable sentiment are fully set forth in this instructive treatise."-Professor POTT, Wurzelwörterbuch, v. 379, lxvii.

"Dr. Abel's treatise on the Latin order of words is a thoughtful essay, based upon ample and deep observation. Conceived from a thoroughly psychological point of view, it is uncommonly calculated to inculcate correct and discerning notions of Latin linguistic phenomena."-Prof. SCHWEIZERSIDLER, in Kühn's Zeitschrift für verzleichende Sprachforschung, xxi. I.

"Dr. Abel, honourably known for his contributions to Coptic philology, has published very interesting and ingenious lectures on language as an index to national character. The English, Latin, Hebrew, and Russian languages are principally analysed, and the vocabulary of each, in the crucial examples selected, is shown to be very copious.”—Saturday Review. "A psychological analysis of language carried out with all the author's well-known refinement and subtlety."-Professor BASTIAN in Ethnographische Zeitschrift, 1882.

"A philologist equally famous for scholarship and intellectual appreciation of linguistic peculiarities has presented us with a most accurate and refined delineation of the English concept of command."-Cologne Gazette.

"In dissecting words, Dr. Abel is writing a history of civilisation and culture. While the substance of his essays is equally commendable for philosophical and linguistic subtlety, the form in which he communicates the result of his learned researches is a pattern of attractive and lucid style."-St. Petersburg Gazette.

LONDON: TRÜBNER & CO., 57 AND 59 LUDGATE HILL.

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ABEL-LINGUISTIC ESSAYS. By Carl Abel. CONTENTS: Language as the Expression of National Modes of Thought-The Conception of Love in some Ancient and Modern Languages-The English Verbs of Command-The Discrimination of Synonyms-Philological Methods-The Connection between Dictionary and Grammar-The Possibility of a Common Literary Language for the Slav NationsCoptic Intensification-The Origin of Language-The Order and Position of Words in the Latin Sentence. Post 8vo, pp. xii. and 282, cloth. 1882. 9s. ABRAHAMS.-A MANUAL OF SCRIPTURE HISTORY FOR USE IN JEWISH SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES. By L. B. Abrahams, B.A., Principal Assistant Master, Jews' Free School. With Map and Appendices. Third Edition. Crown 8vo, pp. viii. and 152, cloth. 1883. 1s. 6d.

By Louis Agassiz. 8vo, pp. vii. and

AGASSIZ.- AN ESSAY ON CLASSIFICATION. 381, cloth. 1859. 12s. AHLWARDT.—THE DIVANS OF THE SIX ANCIENT ARABIC POETS, ENNĀBIGA, 'ANTARA, THARAFA, ZUHAIR, 'ALQUAMA, and IMRUULQUAIS; chiefly according to the MSS. of Paris, Gotha, and Leyden, and the Collection of their Fragments, with a List of the various Readings of the Text. Edited by W. Ahlwardt, Professor of Oriental Languages at the University of Greifswald. Demy 8vo, pp. xxx. and 340, sewed. 1870. 12s.

AHN. -PRACTICAL GRAMMAR OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE. By Dr. F. Ahn. A New Edition. By Dr. Dawson Turner, and Prof. F. L. Weinmann. Crown 8vo, pp. cxii. and 430, cloth. 1878. 3s. 6d.

AHN.-NEW, PRACTICAL, AND EASY METHOD OF LEARNING THE GERMAN LANGUAGE. By Dr. F. Ahn. First and Second Course. Bound in 1 vol. 12mo, pp. 86 and 120,

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AHN. -KEY to Ditto. 12mo, pp. 40, sewed. 8d.

AHN. MANUAL OF GERMAN AND ENGLISH CONVERSATIONS, or Vade Mecum for English Travellers. 12mo, pp. x. and 137, cloth. 1875. 1s. 6d.

AHN.-GERMAN COMMERCIAL LETTER WRITER, with Explanatory Introductions in English, and an Index of Words in French and English. By Dr. F. Ahn. 12mo, pp. 248, cloth. 1861. 4s. 6d.

AHN.-NEW, PRACTICAL, AND EASY METHOD OF LEARNING THE FRENCH LANGUAGE. By Dr. F. Ahn. First Course and Second Course. 12mo, cloth. Each 1s. 6d. The Two Courses in 1 vol. 12mo, pp. 114 and 170, cloth. 1865. 3s.

AHN.-NEW, PRACTICAL, AND EASY METHOD OF LEARNING THE FRENCH LANGUAGE.
Third Course, containing a French Reader, with Notes and Vocabulary.
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AHN.-MANUAL OF FRENCH AND ENGLISH CONVERSATIONS, FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS
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AHN.-FRENCH COMMERCIAL LETTER WRITER. By Dr. F. Ahn. Second Edition. 12mo, pp. 228, cloth. 1866. 4s. 6d.

AHN. NEW, PRACTICAL, AND EASY METHOD OF LEARNING THE ITALIAN LANGUAGE. By Dr. F. Ahn. First and Second Course. 12mo, pp. 198, cloth. 1872. 3s. 6d. AHN.-KEY to Ditto. 12mo, pp. 22, sewed. 1865. 1s.

AHN.-NEW, PRACTICAL, AND EASY METHOD OF LEARNING THE DUTCH LANGUAGE,

being a complete Grammar, with Selections. By Dr. F. Ahn. 12mo, pp. viii. and 166, cloth. 1862. 3s. 6d.

AHN.-AHN'S COURSE. Latin Grammar for Beginners. By W. Ihne, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. vi. and 184, cloth. 1864. 3s.

ALABASTER. -THE WHEEL OF THE LAW: Buddhism illustrated from Siamese Sources by the Modern Buddhist, a Life of Buddha, and an Account of the Phra Bat. By Henry Alabaster, Esq., Interpreter of Her Majesty's Consulate-General in Siam, Member of the Royal Asiatic Society. Demy 8vo. pp. lviii. and 324,

cloth. 1871. 14s.

ALLEN. THE COLOUR SENSE. See English and Foreign Philosophical Library, Vol. X.

ALLIBONE.-A CRITICAL DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE AND BRITISH AND AMERICAN AUTHORS (LIVING AND DECEASED). From the Earliest Accounts to the latter half of the 19th century. Containing over 46,000 Articles (Authors), with 40 Indexes of subjects. By S. Austin Allibone. In 3 vols. royal Svo, cloth. £5, 8s.

'ALTHAUS. THE SPAS OF EUROPE. By Julius Althaus, M.D. 8vo, pp. 516, cloth. 1862. 7s. 6d. AMATEUR MECHANIC'S WORKSHOP (THE). A Treatise containing Plain and Concise Directions for the Manipulation of Wood and Metals; including Casting, Forging, Brazing, Soldering, and Carpentry. By the Author of "The Lathe and its Uses." Sixth Edition. Demy 8vo, pp. vi. and 148, with Two Full-Page Illustrations, on toned paper and numerous Woodcuts, cloth. 1880. 6s. AMATEUR MECHANICAL SOCIETY.-JOURNAL OF THE AMATEUR MECHANICAL SOCIETY. 8vo. Vol. i. pp. 344 cloth. 1871-72. 12s. Vol. ii. pp. vi. and 290, cloth. 1873-77. 12s. Vol. iii. pp. iv. and 246, cloth. 1878-79. 12s. 6d. AMERICAN ALMANAC AND TREASURY OF FACTS, STATISTICAL, FINANCIAL, AND POLITICAL. Edited by Ainsworth R. Spofford, Librarian of Congress. 8vo, cloth. 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882. 7s. 6d. each.

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AMERY.-NOTES ON FORESTRY. By C. F. Amery, Deputy Conservator N. W. Provinces, India. Crown 8vo, pp. viii. and 120, cloth. 1875. 5s.

AMBERLEY. AN ANALYSIS OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF. By Viscount Amberley. 2 vols. demy 8vo, pp. xvi. and 496 and 512, cloth. 1876. 30s

AMONGST MACHINES. A Description of Various Mechanical Appliances used in the Manufacture of Wood, Metal, and other Substances. A Book for Boys, copiously Illustrated. By the Author of "The Young Mechanic." Second Edition. Imperial 16mo, pp. viii. and 336, cloth. 1878. 7s. 6d. ANDERSON.--PRACTICAL MERCANTILE CORRESPONDENCE. A Collection of Modern Letters of Business, with Notes, Critical and Explanatory, and an Appendix, containing a Dictionary of Commercial Technicalities, pro forma Invoices, Account Sales, Bills of Lading, and Bills of Exchange; also an Explanation of the German Chain Rule. 24th Edition, revised and enlarged. By William Anderson. 12mo, pp. 288, cloth. 5s.

ANDERSON and TUGMAN.-MERCANTILE CORRESPONDENCE, containing a Collection of Commercial Letters in Portuguese and English, with their translation on opposite pages, for the use of Business Men and of Students in either of the Languages, treating in modern style of the system of Business in the principal Commercial Cities of the World. Accompanied by pro forma Accounts, Sales, Invoices, Bills of Lading, Drafts, &c. With an Introduction and copious Notes. By William Anderson and James E. Tugman. 12mo, pp. xi. and 193, cloth. 1867. 6s. APEL.-PROSE SPECIMENS FOR TRANSLATION INTO GERMAN, with copious Vocabularies and Explanations. By H. Apel. 12mo, pp. viii. and 246, cloth. 1862. 4s. 6d. APPLETON (Dr.)-LIFE AND LITERARY RELICS. See English and Foreign Philosophical Library, Vol. XIII.

ARAGO.-LES ARISTOCRATIES.

A Comedy in Verse. By Etienne Arago. Edited, with English Notes and Notice on Etienne Arago, by the Rev. E. P. H. Brette, B.D., Head Master of the French School, Christ's Hospital, Examiner in the University of London. Fcap. 8vo., pp. 244, cloth. 1868. 4s.

ARMITAGE. LECTURES ON PAINTING: Delivered to the Students of the Royal Academy. By Edward Armitage, R.A. Crown 8vo, pp. 256, with 29 Illustrations, cloth. 1883. 7s. 6d.

ARNOLD. PEARLS OF THE FAITH; or, Islam's Rosary: being the Ninety-nine beautiful names of Allah. With Comments in Verse from various Oriental sources as made by an Indian Mussulman. By Edwin Arnold, M. A., C.S.I., &c. Crown 8vo, pp. xvi. and 320, cloth. 1883. 7s. 6d.

ARNOLD. THE LIGHT OF ASIA; or, THE GREAT RENUNCIATION (Mahâbhinishkramana). Being the Life and Teaching of Gautama, Prince of India, and Founder of Buddhism (as told in verse by an Indian Buddhist). By Edwin Arnold, M. A., C.S.1., &c. Tenth Edition. Cr. 8vo, pp. xiii. and 238, limp parchment. 1883. 2s. 6d.

ARNOLD. THE ILIAD AND ODYSSEY OF INDIA. By Edwin Arnold, M. A., F.R.G.S., &c., &c. Fcap. 8vo, pp. 24, sewed. 1s.

ARNOLD.-A SIMPLE TRANSLITERAL GRAMMAR OF THE TURKISH LANGUAGE. Compiled from Various Sources. With Dialogues and Vocabulary. By Edwin Arnold, M.A., C.S.I., F. R. G.S. Post 8vo, pp. 80, cloth. 1877. 2s. 6d. ARNOLD.--INDIAN POETRY. See Trübner's Oriental Series.

ARTOM.-SERMONS. By the Rev. B. Artom, Chief Rabbi of the Spanish and Portuguese Congregations of England. First Series. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, pp. viii. and 314, cloth. 1876. 6s.

ASHER. ON THE STUDY OF MODERN LANGUAGES in general, and of the English Language in particular. An Essay. By David Asher, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. viii. and 80, cloth. 1859. 2s.

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. List of Publications on application.

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ASIATIC SOCIETY.-JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. New Series. 8vo. Stitched in wrapper. 1864-82.

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