the manufacturing districts, 2; infant serfs of a
neglected rural district compared with the child-
ren of the manufacturing population, 3; the
operative mind peculiarly susceptible of culture,
5; feeling of the accomplished workman towards
the sciences, 7; exchange of experiences between
the professor and the operative, ib.; bearing of
manufactures upon science, 7, 8; means of ren-
dering the interchange of scientific with practical
knowledge advantageous, 10; faulty construction
of subsidiary machines, 11; the border land of
science, 12; things familiar to mechanics but
ignored by philosophy, 13; suitable college train-
ing for the higher class of operatives, 13, 14;
Owens College, 14; a practical or manufacturing
system of education should be built upon this
foundation, 14, 15; how the scheme may be
carried out in Languages, 15, 16; in Mathematics,
17; Chemistry, ib.; History, ib.; Political Econo-
my, 18; Logic, ib.; whence the necessary funds
are to be derived, 20; unity of industrial art, 21;
a travelling professor, 22; College Exhibitions, 23;
Owens College a good beginning, ib.; improve-
ment necessitates improvement, 26; illustration
from Nasmyth's iron-gun experiment, ib.
Examination for East India Civil Service, 192; for
Royal Artillery and Engineers, 205.
Farm-schools, advantages of, see Mettray and Red-
hill.
Fielding, Henry, his early life and education, 108;
his plays, the irregularity of his life, 109; his
marriage, 110; his satires against ministers, ib.;
Fielding and Richardson, 112; "Tom Jones,"
"Amelia," 113; anecdotes of Fielding, ib,
Firmas, M. D'Hombre, notice of his Memoir on
Colour-blindness, 192.
France and Scotland, intercourse between, 155;
origin of the alliance, ib.; Scotland before the
Conquest, 156; Saxon fugitives into Scotland
after the Norman Conquest, 157; projects of
the Norman Kings, ib.; William Wallace, 159;
Robert the Bruce, ib.; escape from the Normans, ib.;
reasons which attached Scotland to France, 160;
nature of the connection, ib.; kindness of the French,
161; Royal Guard of Scottish Archers in France,
162; nature of their duties, 163; M. Teulet's
Papers, 165; competition between France and
England for the annexation of Scotland, 166; the
matrimonial alliances, the Guises, 167; effects of
the Reformation, 169; permanent social influence
of the alliance, 170; influence on laws and institu-
tions, ib.; on habits and manners, 172; on archi-
tecture, ib; on festive occasions, 173.
French Politics, anomalies of, 59.
Gallenga's History of Piedmont noticed, 292.
Gifford's Memoir of Ben Jonson, see Jonson.
Guthrie's (Dr.) Discourses, notice of, 256.
Hotels, 269; the "line" has supplanted the road, and
the railway hotel the roadside hotel, ib.; pleasure
traffic, not business traffic, now fills our hotels,
271; complaints of the expense of pleasure hotels,
272; importance of table d'hôte system, 273;
Englishmen at home and abroad, 275; meeting
with "objectionable people" a bugbear, ib.; com-
parative expense at large and small hotels, 276;
projected monster hotel in Trafalgar Square, ib.;
Clubs and Hotels, 279; moral aspects of the hotel
question, 280; effects on our domestic morality,
282; evil of excluding females from places of
resort, 283; hotel companies on the Continent,
Ireland, great changes which have taken place in,
and within a few years, 62; nature of these
changes, ib.; the present compared with the past,
63, 74; Cloncurry (Lord) Life and Times of, ib.;
Nicholas Lawless turns Protestant, and buys land,
ib.; becomes draper, and buys a baronetage, 64;
buys a peerage for £3000, 64, 65; education of
the second Lord Cloncurry, 65; becomes one of
the "United Irish," and is arrested and imprison-
ed, 66; repairs to the Continent for some years,
67; his opinion of the change produced by the
Union, ib.; his views on emancipation, the Church
question, and education, 68.
Italian character and Italian prospects, 286; charac-
ter of the lower classes, 289; influence of the
priests, ib.; present prospects, 292; the three
principal parties in Italy, and how far they are
willing to unite for independence and unity, 293;
the constitutional party, Azeglio, ib.; the Federal
party, Manin, 294; the Republicans, Mazzini,
ib.; extinction of the divisions of Italy not desira-
ble, 296; difficulties in the way, Sicily, ib.; the
Pope, how to be disposed of, 298; how the Italian
patriots are regarded by the French, 299; and
English, 300; absurdities of the Vienna Congress
arrangement, 300, 301; union of moral and mate-
rial force, 302.
Jones, Inigo, associated with Ben Jonson in the
getting up of court masques, 245; quarrels with
him, 250.
Jonson, Ben, 238; defects of Gifford's Memoir, ib.;
his education, 239; what it was to be a literary
man about town, ib.; view of the Elizabethan
drama and dramatists, 241; very nearly comes
into acquaintance with the hangman, 242; Ben's
first dramas, ib.; becomes a writer of masques,
244; his social habits and haunts, 245; the Mer-
maid Club, 246; his habit of indulging in "silent
contempt," 247; his visits to Hawthornden, 249;
appointed poet-laureate, ib.; the Apollo Club, 250;
Ben compared with Shakespeare in their corporeal
dimensions and mental qualities, 262; Drummond's
portrait of him too unfavourable, 254; his peculi-
arities as a poet and dramatist, ib.
Laurence, Frederick, notice of his Life of Fielding,
108, 114.
Lutheran churches, persecuting spirit in, 211.
Manufacturing system of education, 6.
Mettray and Red-Hill farm-schools, 222; the train-
ing-school must supersede the prison, 223; has the
State a right over children not become amenable
to law? 224; the two principles upon which Met-
tray and Red-Hill are founded, 225; labour the
antagonist of vice, 226; objections to the farm-
school system, ib.; description of Mettray, 227;
objections of false economists, 230; expense of
punishing crime, ib.; expense of preventing crime,
231; choice of sites and general plan, 234; short
holidays, 235; necessity of religious teaching, 237.
Milton contrasted with Samuel Butler, 46.
Mozley on Augustinianism, 114; liberation of revela-
tion from the trammels of polemical theologies, ib.;
limits of human reason, 116; religious philosophy,
117; true theory of our necessary ignorance, ib. ;
incomprehensible knowledge, ib.; causality and
moral agency, 119; power ultimately incompre-
hensible, 120; generality of both the uninstructed
and the learned ignorant of their ignorance, 120,
121; position of incomprehensible truths in theo-
logy, 121, 122.
Napoleon, Louis, causes of the weakness or strength
of his government, 61.
Nasmith, David, founder of city missions, 88.
Néttement, M. Alfred, review of his History of French
Literature, 48.
Orleans, reign of the house of, in France, 48; Louis
Philippe's eighteen years of power produced no
great intellectual names, 49; character of Dr. Véron
and of his Mémoires, 49, 50; the nation did not
believe in Louis Philippe nor Louis Philippe in the
nation, 50; electoral reform, reform banquets, 51;
programme of the banquet, 52; dishonest compro-
mise, ib.; letter of the Duke of Orleans on the in-
surrection of Strasbourg, 53; discussion concerning
the secret service-money, 54; comparative view of
its amount and distribution under different govern-
ments, 54, 55; civil list of Louis Philippe, 56;
rapacity of the actors in the revolution of Febru-
ary, 58; pillage of royal residences, ib.; anomalies
of French politics, 59; hollowness of Louis
Philippe's régime, 60; no "solid edifice" fell in
February, ib.; the two species of right to rule, 60,
61; will Louis Napoleon's authority endure? 61.
Owens College, 14; a good beginning for a united,
scientific, and manufacturing college, 23.
Paris Exhibition of 1855, 122; history of industrial
exhibitions, 123; the Crystal Palace at Sydenham,
124; description of the buildings of the Paris Ex-
position, 125; comparative industry of France and
England, 126, 127; Mr. Fairbairn's account of the
machinery, 127; superiority of the French in in-
struments of precision, 129; resolutions passed by
British jurors, 129, 130; patent law of England,
130; character of the old patent law, 131; its
justice, 132; Lord Brougham's patent bills of 1835
and 1852, 133; injustice of the new patent law of
1852, 133, 134; intolerable expense, appropriation
of the funds levied from inventors, 135; discussion
on patents in the British Association, 135, 136;
patents should be given gratis, 136; and abso-
lutely secured, 137; they and the copyrights should
be perpetual, 139; parliamentary committee of the
British Association, 140.
Presbyterianism and Independency burlesqued in
Hudibras, 36,
Puritans, Samuel Butler's hatred of, made him an
author, 32.
Puseyism, the Chevalier Bunsen's opinion of, 212.
Reformation, (Home,) and Christian Union, 74;
Philanthropic literature, 75; state of crime in Eng-
land, 77; London compared with continental
towns, ib.; how far the clergy have lost the confi-
dence of the people, 78; England, Scotland, and
Wales compared, ib.; the English Church, its de-
fects, and what it requires, 81; Dr. Chalmers' paro-
chial system, the West Port scheme a model for
imitation, 83; and illustrates the defects of the
English Church, 84; lay agency indispensable, ib.;
is the Church to be one organization? ib.; adapta-
tion of the Wesleyan Church to supplement the
defects of the national Church, 85, 86; City Mis-
sions, David Nasmyth, 88; fundamental idea of
city missions, 89; their discipline, ib.; the kind of
labourers, 89, 90; their training, 90; scene from Mr.
Vanderkiste's experience, 91, 92; religious tracts,
92; results of city missions, 93, 94; open-air
preaching, 94; Reformatory Institutions, Mr.
Nash, 95; progress towards Christian union, 96.
Russian Church, intolerance of, 221.
Russian empire, composition of, 148.
Schools (Scottish) for the middle classes, 192; ex-
amination for East India Civil Service, ib.; Scot-
tish share of the prizes, 193; reason of the small
success, ib.; High School of Edinburgh, 194;
yearly examinations, 195; how Scottish schools
differ from English, 196; lowering of the Scottish
Universities into drill schools, ib.; Scottish en-
dowments compared with English, 198; Scottish
University Extension, 200; false position of the
universities, "poaching upon the schools," 201;
professional schools, 204; examination for the
Scotland, effects of French alliance upon, 155; Eng-
Royal Artillery and Engineers, 205.
lish Norman kings, attempts of, to annex Scotland,
Science, bearing of manufactures upon, 7, 8.
Sermons (recent) Scotch, English, and Irish, 255;
Secret service-money in France, 54.
Dr. Blair's, ib.; Dr. Chalmers's, ib.; Dr. Guthrie's
discourses, 256; illustrative word-pictures, 257;
extracts, ib.; the Bible the preacher's model, 259;
undue fetters upon the freedom of the pulpit, 260;
prospects of the future, 261; the Episcopalian
pulpit, 262; Mr. Stanley's sermons on the Apostol-
ical age, ib.; Professor Butler's sermons, 265;
their peculiar excellences, 268.
Shakespeare, a member of the Mermaid Club, 246;
viewed in contrast with Ben Jonson, 252.
Sheil, Richard Lalor, Life and Times of, 69; his re-
collections of the Jesuits, 70; Catholic Associa
tions, 71; produces the play of "Adelaide," and
Sketches, Legal and Political," 72; his speeches,
73.
Sicily, political condition of 296.
Signals at sea and on railways, danger of red and
green, 189.
Stahl's theory of Christian toleration, 217; how dis-
posed of by Bunsen, 220.
Stanley's Sermons on the Apostolical Age, notice of,
Steven's (Dr.) history of the High School of Edin-
burgh, 194.
Teulet's State Papers reviewed, 155.
Thackeray, Mr., objections raised against him for the
moral imperfection of his characters, 104, 105; his
peculiar style, 106; breadth of handling characters
not permitted to modern novelists, ib.; difference
between Thackeray and Fielding, 106, 107; his
pathos, 107; his mode of describing female charac-
ters, ib.
Turkish empire, composition of, 147.
University (Scottish) Extension, 200.
view of the British people, ib.; colder views of the
British Government, 143; cause of the coldness or
non-sympathy of the Americans, 144; not a war
on behalf of freedom, but for the status quo, 145;
this the grand error of the Western Powers, ib.;
the present European arrangements indefensible,
146; the Vienna Congress, ib.; the three Eastern
Powers in reference to the status quo, 146, 147;
Turkey, 147; the Russian dominions, 148; the
Austrian dominions, 149; disposal of the Crimea
and the Trans-Caucasian provinces, 151.
Wartmann, Professor, analysis of his Memoirs on co-
lour-blindness, 191.
Voluntary association, wonders achieved by, one of Wesleyan Methodists well adapted for supplying the
the signs of the times, 210.
missionary machinery which the National Church
wants, 85, 86.
Wilson, Dr. George, biographical notice of, 176; ac-
count of his researches on colour-blindness, 177.
War with Russia, significance of the struggle, 142; Wit, Hudibrastic, 47.
ART. 1.-Owens College. Annual Report | even this, or, say both in different senses, of the PRINCIPAL, read in the Common have become what they are as they stand Hall, at the Meeting for the Distribution related to that INDUSTRIAL GREATNESS of of Prizes, 29th June 1855.
BRITAIN, which, with its bone and sinew, and with its Titan force, rises up new every morning from the bowels of the earth. If then we were in search of the final causes of the railway system, as it now covers the land, or of its efficient causes, or of its historic origin-in search of the first, and of the second, and of the third, we must go whither? we must do what? book ourselves at Euston Square for Manchester.
LAY before you, on the right hand, a map of the Geology of the British Islands, and on the left hand Bradshaw's (much needed) illustration of the mysteries of his "Railway Guide." Volumes of thought are suggested by a comparison of the two sheets! Tell us, if any can tell us, how many cycles of centuries, or millions of Telluric millenniums have run themselves out to make up the in- In the present grave aspect of European terval of duration which separates those affairs, who shall come forward and assure physical evolutions that are set forth in the us that, ere long, Her Most Gracious Maone sheet, from those engineering operations jesty will not be called by the voice of the that are set forth in the other! Neverthe- British people to fight the world almost sinless, the causal relationship of the one to the gle-handed, in defence of that one spot on other is obvious and unquestionable. So far earth where liberty, political, civil, and relias the ways and works of man are concern-gious, is truly understood and is fully enjoyed, it is a thesis not needing much argument ed? But should such a time come-and to establish it, that those interlacings and may God avert it!-whence will be drawn perplexed crossings which belt the island the funds and material of so mighty a confrom Birkenhead to Grimsby-from Ripon flict? From the sources whence has come to Stafford or Birmingham, are the direct the iron ribbing which Bradshaw's map consequences of those treasures of the materials of industry which underlay the same areas, and which our recent geology has mapped out.
brings under the eye. Let the other sources of the nation's surplus wealth be reckoned at their utmost, it might easily be shewn that the share contributed, directly or indirectly, by the manufacturing energies of the manufacturing districts, is large almost beyond computation.
But, looking beyond this region, there is a true sense in which these wonders of national wealth and of mechanic art, which Bradshaw's map exhibits-netting with iron. We need not therefore stay to prove that the Island, from Falmouth to Aberdeen, re- the prosperity of these districts is every ceive their explication from the geological Englishman's concern. Though he be a chart. Grant it that the agricultural wealth grower of corn in the eastern or southern of England has contributed its share to this counties, or a trader in a dull provincial network: Grant it too, that the colonial town, far remote from the din of machinery, greatness of England, and that its vast com- he may, nevertheless, from time to time, merce have furnished a large share; yet make the anxious inquiry, "How are things
going on at Birmingham, at Sheffield, at physical result of their peculiar modes of Leeds, at Preston, at Stockport, at Manches. life. This is true to some extent, but no ter ?" The artillery of England's future safe- more than superficially. The races indigety is at this moment either a-making, or it is nous to this region claim a high antiquity, not a-making in these towns, and in the hun- and their characteristics are manifestly such dred towns around them; and it is so what- as must be of a permanent kind. At this ever their line of business may be, whether present time, and if we are walking the in iron or in cotton, or in silk, or in wool, or streets and lanes of the principal manufacin clay. It can be no impertinence then, on turing towns, we must of course set off a the part of any one who seeks to inform him- large percentage of all whom we meet as self concerning these vital interests, or who an alien population, attracted from distant even ventures to suggest what he thinks districts by the higher rate of wages which might perhaps promote and secure them, usually, or at certain times, are there to be and which at present may be wanting. obtained. On all sides, too, we encounter But it may seem to the reader that man- the people of Scotland, and, alas! abundant ufactures, and that manufacturers might overflowings from the Sister Isle, as well as safely be left to take care of themselves. a mixed multitude always filtering in from Can one push one's way through the sunless the agricultural counties, proximate and restreets of these great towns, or mount from mote. Yet amidst these alloys it is never story to story in the mills, and shops, and dificult to attach the genuine man of the warehouses to the right and left, and then region-the Lancashire man, or the Yorkentertain a doubt as to the energy, or the shire man. His osteology alone would dauntless, untiring, well-skilled determina- mark him; then the set of his muscular tion of the Principals and the subordinates system-his tendency to adipose accumulawhich have been, and which are, the soul of tions-the peculiar hinging of the lower these mighty movements? What need can there be either to stimulate this productive ardour, or to inform it? Is it not firmly resolved, and does it not thoroughly understand its days' work? Is it not eager enough, and bold too, in pursuit of its object? Is it Gentlefolk, inhabitants of the southern, not astute, experienced, and endlessly patient eastern, and south-midland counties, who of toil? All this must be granted, and much seldom if ever visit the manufacturing more to the same purport might be affirmed region, or do so only to rush through it in without exaggeration. Truly it is admirable the "Express," on their way to Scotland or to see with what spirit and courage, with the Lakes, such persons amuse themselves what largeness of view, with what perfection sometimes by talking about the "manufacof method, with what address, with what turing population" in tones of pity, which force, with what niceness, with what power, show strikingly how utterly at fault even with what massiveness and volume, with well-informed people may be concerning what infinitesimal parsimony in the details, broad and obvious facts, a true knowledge with what freedom and nobleness, with what rigidness and care, the men of these manufacturing districts are now working up, and are turning to the best account, those treasures of fuel and of mineral which were laid up for their use, and hidden deep beneath the soil, at the morning hour of the planetary system.
limbs upon the pelvis-and, not least, his speech bewrays him; his twang, and the ample justice which he does to certain favoured vowels, and to some much loved diphthongs.
of which might be acquired by a three days' sojourn in a region that is not more than seven hours distant from their homes. There are, indeed, times of awful stagnation, and there are also clusters of towns and villages devoted to peculiar lines of business, when and where a manufacturing population wears the aspect of sad priVery little of the tendency to theorize, vation, of squalor, of extreme wretchedness; or to catch at imaginary relationships, suf- but such times and such spots are excepfices for suggesting the belief that the tional. It should also always be recollected, aboriginal population which occupies the area now in view, strongly marked as it is, in its physical and mental characteristics, has a predestinated adaptation to the part assigned to it, as the working force upon this ground. Let those who profess the "Development" philosophy, as applicable to all things, affirm, if they please, that the peo- But now let us invite the reader to travel ple have become what they are as the con- with us a hundred or two miles, and, within sequence of their occupations, and as the the compass of a ten hours' journey, to
that a dense population will not fail, even at the best, to shew its scum, and that it will conceal, until it be searched for, its feculent sediment-the intemperate, the dissolute, the debauched, the blind and the maimed also, and, alas! (it is a grief to say it ever and again) the Irish!
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