Regard for his health and that of his family render it necessary that he should travel annually for a few weeks. Esc., ENGL., CH. II,

19.

It will be necessary also that the medical management of the two shall be combined. MID., CH. LXVII, 506.

47. Will is used when the acting power is the will of some person directed towards his own actions. The corresponding Dutch word is mostly willen, sometimes zullen, especially in sentences implying a promise. Would is used for will in describing past events, and has no particular meanings of its own.

Volition is manifested in various ways, which cannot, however, always be strictly distinguished:

a) in the expression of a determination.

I ought to have my own way in everything and what's more, I will too. SCHOOL FOR SCAND., II, 1.

Touch him at your peril! I will not stand by and see it done,
my blood is up and I have the strength of ten such as you.
Look to yourself, for by Heaven, I will not spare you, if you
drive me on. NICH. NICKL., CH. XIII, 78a.

Why will you distress me by renewing this subject? SCHOOL FOR
SCAND., II, 2.

I saw

My dear papa, why will you worry one so? SHE STOOPS, I.
"I never saw such a gun in my life," replied poor Winkle, looking
at the lock as if that would do any good. "It goes off of its
own accord. It will do it." PICKW., CH. XIX, 165.
"I will speak," cried the man, "I will not be turned out.
it all. I keep the book-stall. I demand to be sworn. I will not
be put down. Mr. Fang, you must hear me. OL. TWIST, CH. XI, 26a.
The royal widows even declared that they would throw themselves
and their children from the palace-windows if any harm were
done to the prisoners. SH. HIST., CH. XIII, 188.

b) in the expression of a desire or a wish.

I would not have the affair known for the world. GOOD-NAT. MAN, II.
I would fain die a dry death. TEMP., I, 1, 72.

Would you deprive us of our privileges? SCHOOL FOR SCAND., II, 2.
If your love for me were fixed and ardent, you would not lose
your hold, even though I wished it. Riv., III, 2.

c) in the expression of a willingness.

"Do you forgive me for all this?" "I will forgive you, Agnes,"

I replied, "when you come to do Steerforth justice." Cop.,
CH. XXV, 183a.

My father affectionately sends me word, if I will make a deed of conveyance of my right to the estate after his death to my younger brother, he will immediately furnish me with four thousand pounds to pay my debts. LOVE FOR LOVE, I, 2.

Riv., I, 2.

Will you

But tell me, will you promise to do as you are bid?
take a husband of your friends' choosing?
Have pity on him, he'll yield to any conditions. LOVE FOR LOVE, I, 2.
I shouldn't mind anything if she would have me. MID., CH. LIII, 388.

d) in the expression of an intention.

To the end of our days we will be her brothers, as fate wills that
we can be no more. We'll be her knights and wait upon her,
and when we're old, we'll say how much we loved her. PEND.,
II, CH. XXXIV, 363.

I will go and bury myself in my château. LADY OF LYONS, I, 1.
I will go to town to-morrow. MOLLOY, § 1, 16.

e) in a promise, vow, or threat.

Well, well, Philip, I'll hear you upon that another time; so go
to bed now. GOOD-NAT. MAN, I.

I will punish you if you neglect your studies. MOLLOY, § 1, 16.
I will be very angry if my orders are disobeyed. ib., § 1, 17.

48. Obs. I. Determination is the strongest form of volition, and will, when expressing this idea, is therefore uttered with strong stress. In print we often find this symbolized by italicizing. Determination is also expressed by to be bent on, to have set one's heart on, to be determined and a variety of other phrases (CH. XIX, 41). He was bent on being extremely friendly and brotherlike to me. LIFT. VEIL.

II.

She had set her heart on seeing the Lakes. PRIDE AND PREJ.,
CH. XLII, 236.

Once apart from him, I was determined to keep apart. CoP., Cн. XL,
2866.

Except in the preterite subjunctive, will is not often used to express a desire. See also Obs. IX. Here are some instances: In fact I think, though I will not be certain, that he confided to me his opinion that Clavering was an utter scoundrel. PEND., II, CH. XXXII, 351.

What will you have done with him that I caught stealing your plate in the pantry? GOOD-NAT. MAN, I.

A true English officer is not contented with beating the French, but he will scold them too. ib., III.

The brothers, and other relatives,
they did not disgrace the name.

Note the idiom in:

might do as they would, while ORD. OF RICH. FEV., CH. I, 5.

She would have none of them. SHIPS, I, CH. II, 8.
She would have nothing to say to him.

MEES. WILL, CH. III, 28.

In ordinary cases other verbs and phrases, such as to choose, to desire, to want, to wish, to have a mind, etc. are used to express a desiring. He chooses to remain concealed.

GOOD-NAT. MAN, IV.

My friend Heep is a man of remarkable shrewdness, of whom I desire to speak with all possible respect. CoР., CH. XXXVI, 2646, I want to show Olivia the town. GOOD-NAT. MAN, I.

Your honour would never wish to keep me from my wife and
family. CROKER, THREE ADVICES.

He looked at me as if he had a mind to swallow me. SAM. TITM.,
CH. III, 31.

If two fools have a mind to marry, I think we can tack them
together without crossing the Tweed. GOOD-NAT. MAN, V.

A strong desire mixed with determination is also expressed by the
regular verb to will.

You willed not to play and it was the right you willed. DoN. II, 207.
Though he had willed more than a year before not to see her

again, he had all the time nursed a faint hope of a possible
reunion. ib., 201.

Suppose one wills to raise one's arm and whirl it round. HUXL.,
METH. AND RES., CH. IV, 187.

You by an effort catch what is being said elsewhere. This you
do by an effort of your will. That is to say, you will to attend
to what is being said elsewhere. LEWES, HIST. PHIL., VI,
CH. I, 525.

any of the other in use to express Such are: to be

III. Willingness is oftener expressed by will than
manifestations of volition. Various phrases are
the same idea, and its opposite: unwillingness.
willing, to be ready, I don't mind (ik wil wel), etc.; to refuse,
to decline, to be unwilling, etc.

I am willing to give way as far as is right. SIL. MARN., CH. XI, 82.
Provided he declines to tread in their footsteps. RAMBLER, No. 143.
I don't mind doing a swop with you. CROKER, THREE Adv.

Note. To be willing also occurs in the sense of to want.

I am willing to show him so much seriousness in one scarce older than himself. GOOD-NAT. MAN, I.

IV.

V.

John was willing to try the worth of the advice which his master had given him. THREE ADVICES

He was not willing to spoil sport. VAN. FAIR, I, CH. VI, 54.

Similary willingly is sometimes used in the sense of purposely.

To do the varlet justice, too, he was strongly attached to his parent. He would not willingly have given her pain on any account. D. HEYL.

Intention can,
of course, also be expressed by such words as to
intend, to mean, to be going.

I intended to have teased him three or four days and now I've lost
him for ever. RIV., I, 2.

I don't mean to defend Charles's errors, but before I form my
judgment of either of them, I intend to make a trial of their
hearts. SCHOOL FOR SCAND., II.

I am not going to make myself anxious about him. VAN. FAIR, I,
CH. VI, 53.

He was not going to be beholden to his wife's sisters. MILL. ON
THE FLOSS, Cн. VIII, 65.

A blending of intending and desiring is expressed by to be for,
which is followed by a gerund(-clause).

But Pot did not want to be thanked. He was for making off without more ado, when she cried to him [etc.]. Asc. R. HOPE, OLD POT.

At first I was for giving all up and going home. LIFE OF CH. BRONTË, 130.

There are no special verbs or verbal expressions denoting the mental attitude manifested in the act of promising, vowing or threatening.

VI. Weak-stressed will is often shortened to 'll.

I'll not be ruined by your extravagance. SCHOOL FOR SCAND., II, 1.
I'll not bear it. ib.

When I tell you that the lady they are abusing is a particular
friend of mine, I hope you'll not take her part. ib., II, 2.
They'll not allow our friend Miss Vermilion to be handsome. ib.,
II, 2.

This is often very indistinct in meaning, so that it can scarcely
be distinguished from shall as a mere tense-sign, as in I'll be with
them directly (SCHOOL FOR SCAND. II, 1), or weak must as in
Mr. Honeywood! You'll excuse my apprehensions! (GOOD-NAT, MAN, I).

VII. Similarly weak would is often shortened to 'd.

I wish you'd let Old Glub come here to see me. DOMB., CH. XII, 103.

In connection with rather, sooner, as soon, as lief (lieve), 'd stands for an earlier had. (CH. II, 27, ff.) Ignorance of the origin of the phrases I had rather, etc. caused 'd to be mistaken for a curtailed would, with the result that the full form would is now not unfrequently found for the original had.

I would rather have you go to Australia. NEV. TOO LATE, I, CH. II, 32.

I would rather have lost a thousand pounds than lost the boy just now. CHUZ., CH. XLII, 330a.

He had told her that he would sooner die than acknowledge her as his wife. SIL. MARN., CH. XII, 94.

VIII. When a case is put in a general way, a desire is often expressed in a preterite subjunctive instead of in a present indicative.

IX.

X.

He that would hang his dog gives out first that he is mad. Nor.
AND QUER.

In marriage sacrifices must be ever going on, if we would be happy.
HOW TO BE HAPPY, CH. I, 3.

If students would excel, they must bring the whole powers of their
mind upon their art. ib., CH. III, 35.

Would is also frequently used for will or want from motives of modesty.

We would call the attention of all who are interested in promoting military efficiency to this series of articles. TIMES.

It follows from the meaning of will, that it is seldom connected
with the pronouns of the first person in pure questions, i. e. such
as imply a desire of enlightenment. But instances of will being
used in the first person in rhetorical questions are frequent
enough. We may also find it in direct questions repeating a
preceding question with I (we) substituted for you.

When I am in the army, won't I hate the French? VAN. FAIR, II,
CH. XXXII, 360.

We won't trouble about it, will we? FALL. IDOL, Cн. V, 74.
"What would you ha' me do?" "What would I have you do?
I'll tell you kinsman." Ev. MAN IN HIS HUM., I, 1, 72.
"Will you have some bread and jam?". "Will I have some bread
and jam! Of course I will." MOLLOY, CH. VI, 51.

When the question is addressed to the you that may be implied in we, we occasionally find will we in a pure question.

"Shall we take anything to drink?" "Well, you may take it or

leave it," said Mr. Grady, who thought his offer slighted and