the same name corresponds exactly to the poem.

SISTER HELEN

741. Founded on the old superstition that a woman deserted by her lover, could obtain the power of life and death over his body by making a waxen image of him, and laying it in the heat of the fire; as the wax melted the man's life ebbed away. There are three speakers,-the wronged woman, her small brother, who does not understand what is going on, and a spectator, whose comments, slightly varied from verse to verse, keep pace with the progress of the story.

THE EARTHLY PARADISE: AN APOLOGY

746. The Earthly Paradise is a collection of twenty-four tales in verse, commonly considered the best body of narrative verse that has been given to English poetry since Chaucer's time. In the Prologue Morris tells how "certain gentlemen and mariners of Norway, having considered all that they had heard of the Earthly Paradise, set sail to find it, and after many troubles and the lapse of many years came old men to some Western land, of which they had never before heard"; the inhabitants of this land are of Greek descent. For the entertainment of the wanderers, the dwellers in the western land give semi-monthly feasts, at each of which a story is told. The duty of telling a story alternates between the two peoples; half the tales are, accordingly, from the Greek mythology, half of Scandinavian or Romance origin. 25. The ivory gate. The house of Morpheus, god of sleep, had two gates, through which dreams issued: if true, the

dream passed through a gate of horn; if false, through one of ivory.

PROLOGUE

746. 7. Below bridge. Navigation stopped at London Bridge.

747. 15. Bills of lading. Chaucer was for a time a clerk of the customs.

ATALANTA'S RACE

748. 63. Fleet-foot One. Ordinarily the epithet would indicate Hermes; in this connection it may mean Artemis.

750. 177. Saffron gown. Saffron was the color used at marriages by the Greeks and Romans; cf. L'Allegro:

There let Hymen oft appear

In saffron robe, with taper clear." 184. Sea-born one. Venus.

751. 208. Adonis' bane. The wild boar. 752. 275. Three-formed goddess. Artemis, or Diana, so called because she was worshipped as Diana on earth, as Luna in heaven, as Hecate in hell.

279. Her. Diana.

cently chosen and edited' by a younger scholar, Mr. Arthur Galton, of New College, Oxford, a lover of our literature at once enthusiastic and discreet, aims at a more various illustration of the eloquent powers of English prose, and is a delightful companion."

763. 338. Le cuistre. The academic pedant. 358. Well! Pater is fond of this interjectional use of well. It suggests the French eh bien!

364. Dictionary other than Johnson's. Johnson's Dictionary, though comparatively slight in extent, contains few words to which exception may be taken on the score of utility, and is equipped with illustrative quotations which make it still valuable.

66

764. 417. "Its" which ought to have been in Shakespeare. Shakespeare uses his," in conformity with regular Elizabethan usage, for the neuter possessive. 453. Ascêsis. The Greek word from which the English ascetic and asceticism are derived.

765. 540. Michelangelo. For a discussion of one phase of the work of this great Italian artist, see Pater's essay in The Renais

sance.

609. Dean Mansel. Henry L. Mansel (1820-1871), Dean of St. Paul's from 1868 to his death.

767. 769. Swedenborg. Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772), founder of the New Church, or Swedenborgians. The Tracts for the Times were written and published by John Henry Newman and his associates in the so-called "Oxford Movement," during the years 1833-1841. The last of the tracts, No. 90, was condemned by the University because of its Romanism. 768. 952. Blake's rapturous design. One of the illustrations made by Blake for Blair's Grave represents "Soul and Body

Reunited." 769. 1057. Buffon. Le Comte de Buffon (1707-1788), a famous French naturalist.

WORDSWORTH

772. 36. Most serious critical efforts. See the selections from the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads.

38. The excesses of 1795. The culmination of the Reign of Terror.

773. 117. Disciplina arcani. Discipline, or learning, of the mystery.

158. Senancour. Obermann, by Etienne de Senancour (1770-1846), is characteristic of this interest in nature. Gautier (1811-1872) was an enthusiastic Romanticist, a dramatist, poet, and playwright. 161. Rousseau. The importance of Rousseau's La Nouvelle Heloise in awakening people to the influence of nature upon the soul, and the influence of Rousseau's theories concerning the "state of nature," have been often pointed out. Chateau

briand (1768-1848) and Victor Hugo (1802-1885) were both significant in the development of French romanticism. 773. 173. Reynolds or Gainsborough.

The two greatest English portrait painters: Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792), and Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788). 211 ff. The first three quotations are from The Prelude; the fourth is from The Pet Lamb.

775. 411. A selection of language really used by men. See the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads, p. 389.

776. 452. George Sand. Her most famous novel, La Petite Fadette, is known in English translation as Fanchon the Cricket. The author's real name was Mme. Amandine Dudevant.

457. Meinhold. (1797-1851) was a little-known novelist whom Pater considered significant in the history of German romanticism. 777. 588. Anima mundi. Soul of the universe. 778. 703. The Ode... had its anticipator. See Henry Vaughan's The Retreat, p. 123. 779. 747. Grandet, Javert. Characters in Balzac's Eugenie Grandet and Victor Hugo's Les Misérables, respectively. 785. Antique Rachel. In Dante's Purgatorio, xxvii, Rachel is a type of the contemplative life.

797. One who had meditated.
Morley.

STEVENSON

ES TRIPLEX

Lord

780. 24. Dule tree. A tree used as a gallows. 781. 104. The blue-peter. A blue flag indicating that a ship was about to sail.

141. The valley at Balaclava. The scene of the famous charge of the "Light Brigade" in the Crimean War.

145. Curtius. A hero of Roman legend who leaped into a chasm in the Forum, and sacrificed his life that the gulf might be closed.

159. Caligula. The third emperor of

Rome, who proclaimed himself a god. 782. 187. The sheet. The rope by which the position of a sail is controlled. If it be tied, or made fast," a sudden gust of wind may upset a small boat before the sailor has an opportunity to loosen the sheet.

206. Omar Khayyám . . . Walt Whitman. Omar Khayyam was a Persian poet who died c. 1123. Walt Whitman, an American poet famous for his wholesale violations of the conventions of poetry, died in 1892.

214. The same stuff with dreams. See Shakespeare's Tempest, IV. i. 156:

"We are such stuff

As dreams are made on, and our little life
Is rounded with a sleep."

783. 303. As the French say. A cul-de-sac.

783. 312. A Bath-chair. An invalid's chair, much used at Bath, the health resort. 320. Our respec ed lexicographer. Samuel Johnson.

327. Bound with triple brass. The title of the essay, "Es Triplex," meaning triple brass," is from Horace, Odes, I. iii. 394. Nelson. Before the battle of the Nile, Nelson made the remark to his officers. See Southey's Life of Nelson, chapter v.: "Before this time tomorrow, I shall have gained a peerage, or Westminster Abbey."

784. 416. The last paragraph might almost have been written by Stevenson as prophetic of the close of his own life.

SWINBURNE

ATALANTA IN CALYDON

785. The poem is a drama in the Greek form. 5-8. There is reference here to two stories of the nightingale, both accounting for the melancholy in its song. According to one, Ædon killed her son Itylus by error, and was changed by Zeus into a nightingale. The tongueless vigil refers

to the better known story of Philomela, ravished by her brother-in-law, Tereus, who cut out her tongue that she might not bear witness against him; she was afterward changed to a nightingale. Cf. Arnold's poem Philomela, p. 687. 785. 10. Maiden . . . lady. Artemis, the moon-goddess, patroness of chastity. 786. 38. The oat. The shepherd's pipe of oaten straw, contrasted with the lyre, symbolic of a more elaborate, sophisticated society.

44. Mænad, Bassarid. Names equivalent to Bacchanal (1. 49), one of the Bacchantes, female followers of Bacchus, who engaged in wild orgies in the god's honor.

TO WALT WHITMAN IN AMERICA

787. Whitman seemed to Swinburne, as to many others, to be the prophet and poet of the new democracy which America was to offer to the Old World.

CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE

790. 9. If all the pens, etc. A quotation from Marlowe's Tamburlaine, Part I, V. i.