NOTES.

WARREN HASTINGS.

P. 247. uncovered and stood up to receive him. There are in this essay several allusions to the custom which obtains in the House of Commons of wearing hats during session. See p. 375. time by a series of events The earldom of Huntington,

P. 248. was regained in our scarcely paralleled in romance. which is limited to heirs male, lapsed on the death of the tenth Earl in 1789. It was revived in 1819, when a Captain Hastings succeeded to the title, his descent in the male line from the second Earl (1560) having been proved. He was called to the House of Lords as the twelfth Earl, his father being counted as the eleventh, though he had died before the claim was made. The romance lay partly in the fact that Captain Hastings did not press the claim. A lawyer, Mr. Bell, conducted the process and bore all the

expense.

p. 5.

P. 251. Christ Church, one of the colleges at Oxford.

P. 255. to buy rotten boroughs in Cornwall. See note to

P. 257. Ferdusi, see article on Firdousi, Enc. Brit.

P. 258. an Indiaman. The general name applied to the passenger ships plying between Englaud and India.

P. 261. at present the governor is absolute.

This was

written in 1841. Since that time the control of Indian affairs is vested in the Secretary of State for India.

P. 272. Ghizni, see note to p. 244.

Macaulay's view of the Rohilla War, like his opinion regarding Nuncomar and Impey, is hardly to be considered an impartial one. It is of interest in this connection to read Sir John Strachey's Hastings and the Rohilla War, published by Macmillan, which is especially valuable as picturing, in an entirely different light, the whole career of Hastings as well as the conduct of his impeachment.

P. 274. caput lupinum, wolf's head, i.e. an outlaw whom any one may lawfully kill at sight, as one would a wolf.

P. 281. The Middlesex election. John Wilkes was three times elected to Parliament from Middlesex, but was refused admission by the House of Commons. The struggle lasted from 1768 to 1774, when he was finally allowed to take his seat. See essay on The Earl of Chatham.

P. 292. the tour of the Hebrides, see any life of Dr. Samuel Johnson, or the work itself, Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland.

Jones's Persian Grammar. William Jones, a chief justice of Bengal (1746-1794), was founder of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta (1784), and a distinguished scholar. See p. 334.

P. 293. Seldom seen so far eastward. The fashionable part of London lies towards Westminster. The east end and the city proper are rarely visited by any except men of business. When Queen Victoria appeared at the opening of the People's l'alace in 1887 it was remarked that only once before in 26 years had she been in the city. The offices of the company were formerly in Leadenhall Street, in the extreme eastern part of the city proper. For the changes in the company and its present status see Enc. Brit. The offices of the India Company are now in St. James's Park, Westminster.

P. 298. the Straits of Calpe, i.e. Gibraltar. Calpe was the ancient name of the rock, which with the opposite Abyla formed the "Pillars of Hercules."

P. 300. Lascars, Bengal boatmen or sailors.

the council of war which preceded the battle of Plassey, see essay on Lord Clive, p. 196.

P. 311. to fling his guns into the tanks. The tanks are huge reservoirs in which is collected the water for artificial irrigation. They, together with the. canals, form a vast system presided over by European officers.

P. 319. the Black Town of Calcutta. The northern part of Calcutta, inhabited by Hindoos and Mohammedans, is called the Black Town, as distinguished from the southern part, the European quarter.

P. 321. The Rajah of Benares was henceforth to be a mere pensioner. The title existed until 1871, when it was abolished. The last rajah, like the one in this essay, bore the name of Cheyte Sing.

P. 331. Downing Street in Westminster contains the Foreign Office and the Exchequer.

Somerset House is the Audit Office and the Inland Revenue Office. It stands in the Strand, midway between London (city) and Westminster.

P. 333. the beneficent administration of a far more virtuous ruler. The reference is to Lord William Bentinck. See closing sentence of the essay on Lord Clive and the note on that passage.

P. 334. the Asiatic Society, see note to p. 292.

P. 337. zemindars, i.e. collectors. In other connections the word sometimes means landholders.

Carlton House, the residence of the Prince of Wales, afterwards George IV.

P. 343. The wits of Brooks's, a famous club house, the favorite meeting place of the Whigs, most of whom were opposed to Hastings. Fox, Burke, Sheridan, Garrick, Gibbon, and Walpole were members of the club.

P. 345. a people with whom he had neither blood nor language in common. If Macaulay were living now could he have made this statement in view of recent discoveries in ethnology and philology?

never attained by any public man who had not quitted Europe. The plain meaning of this passage is that Burke had quitted Europe. Yet Macaulay knew well that Burke had never been in India.

P. 346. the tank, see note to p. 311.

Beaconsfield was the name of Burke's villa in Buckingham

shire.

P. 358. Garter King-at-arms. The chief of the college of heralds.

junior Baron. Baron is the lowest title in the peerage, and the junior baron is the last man who has been called to the House of Lords under that title. He holds the place, of course, until the advent of the next recipient of the title, who then becomes the junior baron.

P. 359. the historian of the Roman empire. Edward Gibbon.

the oppressor of Africa.

Marius Priscus.

her to whom the heir of the throne.

Mrs. Fitzherbert.

Mrs. Sheridan,

the beautiful mother of a beautiful race. née Linley, a famous singer before her marriage. She was painted as St. Cecilia by Sir Joshua Reynolds. Her daughters, the Duchess of Somerset, Mrs. Norton, and Lady Dufferin, were noted for their beauty.

Mrs. Montagu (not to be confounded with Lady Mary Wortley, who died in 1762) was the founder of the Blue Stocking Club and author of An Essay on the Genius of Shakespeare.

whose lips, more persuasive than Fox himself. At the Westminster election of 1780 Fox was strongly supported by the Duke of Devonshire. It is said that a kiss from the Duchess prevailed upon one of the electors to vote for Fox "against palace and treasury."

P. 360. wearing a bag and sword. The bag was a sort of silken purse formerly tied to men's hair.

P. 361. Age and blindness had unfitted Lord North. He was at this time only 56 years old.

P. 364. zemindars, see note to p. 337.

aumils, court officials.

perwannahs, official orders.

nuzzurs, presents made to superiors. The other unfamiliar words in this connection may be found in the dictionaries.

P. 371. Logan was a Scotch clergyman of the eighteenth century. He wrote the familiar Ode to the Cuckoo, beginning, "Hail! beauteous stranger of the grove!"

Simpkin's letters, a rhyming burlesque of the speeches of the

accusers.