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Proofs of the fall of the angels; refutation of several propo-
sitions of Balfour, which accuses the orthodox sects of deriving their
peculiar opinions from the writings of Zoroaster, the Persian; of the sin
of Eve; with strictures on the Universalist opinion, that all the devil
there was which misled Eve was her lusts; with other curious matters,
Fall of the angels; and cause of Satan's being, still further
examined; God revealed to the angels; his reasons for creating free
agents, though he foreknew that some would sin,.

Mode of the trial or probation of the angels, long before the
world was made; and an account of those who fell in that trial; the
argument which was carried on between Michael and Lucifer, (both
good angels at that time,) constituting what is called in Scripture a war
in heaven; and by what means this war was ended; their first discovery
of creation, &c.....

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Respecting Lucifer, son of the morning; who and what he
was, as spoken of by Isaiah the prophet; whether the king of Babylon
or Satan the fallen angel,..

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What became of the wicked angels after their fall; is there'
a located hell or not in another world; and is there yet to come a day
of particular and general judgment? with further proofs of the existence
of a devil and evil spirits; with strictures on the Universalist opinion,
that the ruining the Jews by the Romans was the day of judgment
spoken of in the New Testament; with other curious matters,........
The famous text, by which Universalists think they prove
that the worst hell there is in existence is in this life, examined; and is
found Psalms, lxxxvi. 13; with other interesting subjects,.......
Respecting whether other worlds may have been destroyed
in ages past, by fire, as this is to be; with proofs of such occurrences,
according to the archives of astronomy,

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315

INDEX TO PART SECOND.

Account of the operation of Satan, with the heads of our
race-Adam and Eve; with further evidence of the real existence of
Satan and evil spirits,-with strictures on the Universalist belief, that
the lusts of human nature-its diseases-the idols of the heathen, &c.,
are all the devils there are in existence; with other curious matters,
about the fall of our first parents......
What would have been the condition of Eve, if when she had
broken the law about the forbidden tree, and offered its fruit to Adam,
if he had not received it; and what would have been the condition of
our race, under such a view of the subject.....

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Further proofs of the being of Satan, and of his real identity,
as shown from the book of Job, and other Scriptures; with further
strictures about the lusts of Eve, before she had sinned-according to
Universalists; and other curious matters...

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Further evidence still, of the real existence of Satan, and evil
angels-shown from the text of the New Testament-his operation
against the Saviour, and possession of many people-and of their being
cast out of them, &c.; with strictures on the Universalist belief, that
the carnal mind is one of the devils of human nature, &c........
Further accounts of the being of Satan; with proofs that the
world is to be destroyed by fire, &c........................
The subject of rewards and punishments-whether awarded
in this life, or in another; a guilty conscience purgatory—as held by
Universalists-examined; the deaths of St. Paul and Voltaire con-
trasted; of a day of judgment to come, &c.; with strictures on Univer-
salist opinions, about the penal fire of the New Testament; with other
subjects, &c.......

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An enquiry, how Satan, and evil spirits were worshiped in
ancient times-with proofs that they were worshiped, and even in
modern times.....

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An enquiry as to the original cause of diseases and death;
are they of God or of Satan? with other curious matters,
On the subjects of evil spirits-the opinions of the Jews on
this subject-of Simon Magus, and the Gnostics; evil spirits cast out of
many who were possessed; of the wonderful consequences which
followed......

Miscellaneous strictures and remarks on the subjects of Uni-
versalist doctrines and opinions......

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362

On the subject of the forms or shapes of good and evil spirits,
and of the human soul when disembodied; with conjectures how evil
spirits get the possession of human beings,.

404

Attributes of Satan, and evil spirits

414

Evidence of Polycarp, the Martyr, against Universalists, in

relation to a hell after death.......

417

Proofs of the immortality of the human soul, or that it does
not die or sleep, from death till the resurrection as held by some Uni-
versalists,....

418

TO THE SUBSCRIBER.

Although the Index does not particularise all we have allu-
ded to in the allusions of the Prospectus, yet we have treated on
all the promised subjects, and many more.

HISTORY OF THE FALLEN ANGELS, &C.

PART FIRST.

That there exists a supernatural being, designated by the original term, and name, Saten, is believed by all the Christian sects, denominated orthodox; yet we do not find among the great number of this description of Christians any belief extant of the existence of but one such being; while it is held by them that there are many evil spirits or supernatural demons, who are inferior in mental ability, and subordinate to this one Satan; who before he fell, was one of the only two archangels, of all the inte!lectual powers, which God created in the very out-set and beginning of existences.

The names of those two archangels, when first created, were Michael and Lucifer, as we shall show in the course of the work; Michael signifying, "the might of God:" and Lucifer, Light-bringer. St. Jude, the Prophets Daniel and Isaiah, speak of these beings, under those names; orthodox christians believe that these two highest of all angelic orders, as well as all beneath them, were created by the WORD of God, who, in the course of ages, created not only our earth, but all other worlds, and contintes to create as he pleases, and will continue thus to create ad infinitum, peopling them and constituting them as he will; and that this WORD of God-the Second Person of the ever-adorable and mysterious Trinity-in the fullness of periods, became incarnate, or in other words, became flesh and dwelt among men : when he received the name of Jesus Christ.

According to these, the orthodox sects, it is believed that one of these archangels, namely, Lucifer, fell from his first condition, together with many other angels of lower orders, and were therefore, necessarily, bereft of all happiness, which constitutes their departure from, or fall from heaven, their first estate. The first information of this occurrence, they believe is found in Gen esis, the book of the generations of the heavens and the earth, at the beginning of the 3d chapter, as written by Moses; and is believed to be the eldest literary work now in being: the Chinese and Hindoo books not excepted: which by some it it is said, however, claim an astonishing antiquity, amounting even to millions of years, if not of ages; but are known, and ascertained by the enlightened antiquarian societies of the age, and especially

the one established in China, to be preposterous in the extreme. In this Chapter, it is believed, is found the first proof of the exis. tence of such a being, who by Eve, the first woman, was called Serpent, as stated by Moses; and by St. Paul, 2d Cor. xi. 3, and St. John, Rev. xx; who adds the names of Devil and Satan, to the word Serpent. Here in the disguise of an animal, called in our English translation of the Bible, the Serpent, this fallen angel is noticed conversing with Eve, the mother of the whole hu

man race.

But as it respects proof, that there was a fallen angel, called Satan, the Serpent, and the Devil, an intellectual being, who by sophistry, false argument, and lies, misled, beguiled and deceived Eve, we shall defer it for the present; for the purpose of ascertaining the kind of animal Eve meant, when she said to the Lord, that the Serpent had beguiled her, and she did eat; which when we shall have ascertained we shall resume again.

As it respects the kind of animal, thus spoken of, and called a serpent, it was believed by the pious, learned, and celebrated Adam Clarke, one of the most laborious and voluminous Bible commentators of the age, that it was not a snake or serpent; but a creature of the Simia species: namely, the Orang Outang, or the wild man of the woods, which is the meaning of the word in the Chinese language: the wild man of the woods because it looks so much like a man. This opinion may, perhaps, appear extremely singular to many, if not wholly absurd, on account of having always from infancy supposed it to have been a snake; yet before we condemn this opinion, no doubt we shall do well to attend to the reasoning of that great man, as well as to the arguments of others, of the same opinion. We intend, however, to give all the reasons we can find in support of the common belief, as well as in support of the other; between which the reader will make his choice, if he values the question.

Dr. Clarke's reasons against the animal having been a snake are as follows. He says the word which is translated serpent, and has led the whole world to believe that the creature was a snake, is in the original Hebrew written Nachash, or Nahash, and that it is susceptible of no less than three distinct significations.

First: it signifies to observe attentively, to divine or foretel events; or to use enchantments as did the ancient augers or seers, by viewing attentively the flights of birds, the entrails of beasts when slain, the course of the clouds, &c.

Second: the word Nachash signifies to acquire knowledge by experience, as by suffering, by enjoyment, society, &c.

Third: it signifies brass, and is translated in the Bible not only brass, but chains and fetters of brass, and in several places even steel, or any thing which glitters or is highly burnished.

From which it is clear, says this writer, that from the various acceptations of the word, and the different meanings which it bears, in the sacred writings, that it was a sort of general term in the Hebrew language, confined to no one specific sense, to the exclusion of all others. Here it will be necessary to follow his rea soning, in his examination of the root of that word; to see if its original ideal meaning will not enable us to discover the true animal intended in the text, and spoken of by Eve to the Lord.

We have already seen, he says, that the word Nachash signifies, among other meanings, to view attentively, and also to acquire knowledge by experience, as it is used in Gen. xxx. 27, by Jacob: who, in speaking of the hard treatment he met with at the hand of Laban, his father-in-law, says Nachashti; signifying, I have now learned by experience: for his father-in-law had cheated him, or changed the conditions of his services no less than ten times, and this meaning appears to be its most general meaning in the Bible, namely, that of acquiring knowledge, by experience or otherwise.

But this word Nachash was, by the Greek translators, who translated parts of the Old Testament into their language, nearly three hundred years before Christ, made to mean Opis, or Ophi, a creeping animal the snake. They do not seem, says Dr. Clarke, to have done this because this was its fixed and deterninate meaning in the sacred writings, but because it was the best that occurred to the then translators, who do not seem to have given themselves much trouble about it. We may suppose however, another reason which we will add to the above, as additional, why they may have supposed the word to mean a snake. We have seen that one of its significations, under the third head of its general meanings, was anything which was bright and highly burnished, glittering in the sun, and being beautiful to the sight of the beholder. Now this meaning of the word, was very well suited to the glossy, bright, and variegated shining of many kinds of serpents, which abound in Greece, and all tropical countries, or in very warm latitudes: on which account, and not being acquainted with the orang-outang, a creature of the hotest regions of Africa and the East Indies, the snake, for the reason just remarked, and not on account of its subtilty, was supposed by these Greek translators, to have been the animal which Eve mentioned, as stated by Moses.

From that translation therefore, which is called the Septuagint, says Dr. Clarke, we can derive no light, nor indeed from any other of the ancient versions of the Scriptures, which are all subsequent to that translation. Wherefore, he says, in all this uncertainty about the meaning of the word Nachash, in the ancient Hebrew, it is natural for a determined and serious enquirer after truth, to look everywhere for information; and that in

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