Hindú constitution. Village communities of landholders Village officials and artisans Groups of villages formed into provinces CHAPTER II. RETROSPECT OF BRAHMANIC INDIA. Obscure origin of the Brahmans: a sacred caste of hereditary priests Distinction between the priests or sacrificers, and the Popular religion of the Bráhman priests. Animal sacrifices Origin of the doctrine of atonement. Secret religion of the Bráhman sages Creation of the universe by the supreme spirit Brahma Pantheistic idea of the supreme spirit pervading the universe Dogma of the metempsychosis, or transmigrations of the soul Lifeless character of the conceptions of a creation and creator Antagonism between the metempsychosis and the old Profound significance of the dogma of the metempsychosis Popular religion of the Bráhman priests unaffected by the Stages in the history of the Brahmans: originally sacrificers to all the gods Development of the Brahmans into a national priest hood. Pretensions of the Brahmans Brahmans regarded by the Kshatriyas as an inferior caste Character of the revolution which established Brahmanism Evils of a hereditary priesthood Connection of Satí with the Brahmans Origin of the rite of Satí, or Suttee. The Scythic and the Aryan usage Scythian Sati modified by Aryan culture and worship 88 89 89 89 90 Cradle of Buddhism in eastern Hindustan Birth of Gótama, B.C. 623 The three terrors-old age, disease, and death Religious quiescence succeeded by revolt Geography of Buddhist India during the life of Gótama Descent of Gótama from the Sakya Rajas of Kapila Incestuous marriages of the Sakya princes Religious melancholy of Gótama Marriage of Gótama The way of deliverance The flight from the palace Contrast between Gótama and Mohammed Gótama commences his career as a mendicant Distinction between the Brahmanism of the sages and the Buddhism of the monks Antagonism on the question of caste Characteristics of the caste system in India 109 110 111 Gótama as a disciple, a sage, and a preceptor 115 Abstraction of the soul Contemplation and austerities Failure of the Brahmanical system Development of the affections 116 116 117 118 Twofold character of the law: discipline and religion 120 Religion for the many Four truths comprising the law of the wheel Existences of deities and demons, heavens and hells 121 122 123 Head-quarters of Sákya Muni at Benares Profound sorrow of Sakya Muni over the horrors of existence Success of Sakya Muni 125 Assembly composed, not of priests, but monks Legend of Ajatasatru the parricide, and the apostate priest 137 Invasion of the Punjab by Alexander of Macedon, B.C. 327 153 Alexander crosses the Jhelum in the presence of the enemy 160 161 162 Results of the Macedonian victory: formation of a Mace donian fleet on the Jhelum 163 Advance of Alexander to the Chenab: flight of Porus the younger 164 Variety of marriage customs CONTENTS. Spirit of the Macedonians broken by the south-west mon soon. Return of the expedition to Persia Surface observations of the Greeks who accompanied Alexander. Absence of caste in the Punjab Interview between Onesikritos and the Bráhmans Behaviour of Mandanis Contrast between the two Bráhmans Sati Mutiny of the Indian mercenaries Death of Alexander, B.C. 323: political anarchy Establishment of the Greek Bactrian empire of Seleukos Marriage of the Hindu Raja to a Greek princess Hindú civilization described by Megasthenes: authenticity Ancient capital of Patali-putra, near the modern Patna Duties and amusements of the Raja Two tribes described by the Greeks. The Brahmans 175 175 177 178 178 180 181 182 184 Difference of civilization in the Punjab and Hindustan Reign of Sandrokottos: a transition period Division of the philosophers into Bráhmans and Germanes 198 Administration of the Gangetic empire compared with that of Burma Adaptation of the administration to the Hindú population 199 Embassy of Pandion or Porus to Augustus Cæsar CHAPTER V. BUDDHIST INDIA. B.C. 300 TO A.D. 645. Two classes of Buddhist records: the edicts and the chron 200 201 203 204 205 206 208 icles Religion of the heart, and religion of the intellect Antiquity of celibacy in India. Discovery of the edicts of Priyadarsi Enforcement of the edict by an imperial demonstration Significance of the prohibition Medical establishments for men and animals Character of the edict State system of moral instruction Opposition to Raja Priyadarsi Conciliatory edicts 209 210 211 213 213 215 215 216 216 216 218 218 218 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 228 230 231 232 Vitality of Dharma as the religion of loving-kindness. Association of Dharma with Buddhism: degeneration of |