8 Sankha seems the Sankhachuda of the Nāgānanda, loc. cit. p. 68; and it may also be the same name intended by Fa Hian's 'Samkassa' xvii. worshipped for rain. He is worshipped (Bühler, Ind. Antiquary, vi. p. 270) in a lake near Dharindha, in Lārpagman, in Kashmir.

9 Kalo, this may be the same as the 'Māhakāla nāgarāja,' referred to in Hardy's Monachism, p. 274.

10 Panchalo. Compare 'Panchala' in Indian Antiquary, vii. p. 11.

11 Kaliko. Compare Krishna's combat with the Serpent Kalika.

12 Hastikachchho seems to be the Naga's name of the lake at Hastinapura-' the Naga or Elephant city'— of the Sudhana Jātaka.

13 Elapatro, mentioned by Hiuen Tsiang, loc. cit. ii. 41. 14 Huluda. Compare CS. DE K.'s Analysis, p. 92.

15 Sudarshano is evidently the Sudassana,' the son of Nagarajā Dhataraṭṭha, of the Bhūridatta Jātaka, No. 547 of Fausböll's list.

ART. VI.-Mr. Justice Telang.

By Sir RAYMOND WEST,

K.C.I.E., LL.D., M.R.A.S.

No death in India in the present generation has been more universally deplored than that of the Honourable Mr. Justice Kasinath Trimbak Telang. This widespread regret gives us in some sense a measure of his great worth to his country and to learning, of his personal charm, and of the influence he exercised in helping unnumbered disciples to take larger views and lead purer and nobler lives. Amid the manifold activities to which the needs of life and his public spirit led him, his high aims and his passionate desire for the moral elevation of his countrymen gave to his conversation and character a loftiness, a singleness of purpose, and a tender consideration for the weaknesses of others which, combined with his wide range of information and his penetrating intelligence, made his presence almost fascinating to all for whom he lifted the veil of his reserve. It was a reserve consistent with a polished urbanity, and even outside the veil there were ample stores to furnish forth the discussion of all common topics on the accepted lines; but his inner nature was in a great degree that of a meditative Saint enamoured of purity and holiness, and filled with longing aspirations for the progress of mankind, but especially of the Hindus, towards perfection in knowledge, wisdom, and purpose. This central light, softly shining through all his words and works, made men of all classes, Europeans and Asiatics alike, feel at home in his company; all alike felt that there could be no selfseeking or sinister purpose in his serene and purely intellectual view of any subject that arose in conversation,

A refined perhaps somewhat over-refined-sensibility checked in a measure the outflow of his thoughts when conversing with Europeans, whose learning or capacity he respected; but when his shyness was overcome he was copious and clear as a lake-fed river. To his countrymen, and especially his juniors, he was fond of presenting the high speculative views of morality and of human relations, which occupied his own mind so much. In all his utterances there was a tone of sincerity and conviction which won attention and respect even from those who differed from him in opinion.

Such a man, so learned, so candid, gentle, and goodhumoured, and with such a fertility of ideas, could not, even apart from his eminence as an advocate, fail to gain a high and honoured place in any society in which he moved. To a large section of his countrymen, Telang became an evangelist; they looked to him for guidance in all the graver occasions of national and social life. His death has left amongst them a sense of loss and loneliness hardly conceivable by the firmer fibred European. A space in this Journal may, it is thought, be most fittingly consecrated to a brief memorial of the life and character and labours of one who thus played so great and beneficial a part as a patriot and an apostle of progress. It is by the work and the example of him and his like that India must be regenerated, and the moral endowments of her children made nobly serviceable for the general welfare of mankind.

Telang was born in 1850 of a family of high respectability, but of no remarkable distinction. His father, still living, was long connected with one of the great mercantile houses of Bombay, and handed on to his son the treasure of an unblemished reputation. Of his mother one knows little; the feeling of the Hindus, as of the Greeks, being that a matron's best renown is to be little spoken of. We can but opine that she was gifted by nature with a quite unusual ability and sweetness of disposition, if, as generally happens, her son owed his talents and his tastes chiefly to

her. He was in his infancy adopted by his uncle Trimbak, whence his name Kasinath Trimbak Telang, when Trimbak takes the place of Bapu, the name of his father.

Young Kasinath was set to his lessons in good time, and applied himself then, as always, to study with all the patient receptiveness of his race. He ran quickly through the preparatory course in his vernacular Maratha, and after gaining such prizes as were accessible to a child, he entered on a higher course of study in the Elphinstone High School, then, as now, the principal "English" School at Bombay. Here he made rapid progress, won prizes, and almost leaped from class to class. He showed, even at this early stage, a strong liking for English literature, in which he was to find so much of companionship and happiness all through his life, but this in no way impaired his native interest in the Maratha poetry. It was, indeed, his love of this which first led him to take up Sanskrit as an auxiliary study, but Sanskrit thus taken up was soon found worthy of a complete and profound mastery for its own sake. As a recreation the gifted schoolboy played chess, and, it is said, with remarkable skill. For the strenuous games of the playground, in which English boys delight, he had little or no inclination. By habit, as well as by natural tendency, his nervous energy was turned almost wholly in the direction of intellectual effort. It seemed as if in this he was obeying a command of nature, but probably the withdrawal of nervous sustenance from his growing frame, caused by too much sedentary work, was a main cause of the delicacy from which he suffered later on, and which eventually brought his life to a premature close. became conscious of the truth in this respect as time went on. He walked a good deal, and his handsome contribution to the gymnasium of Elphinstone College was a practical acknowledgment of the importance he had learned to attach to physical development.

He

At the age of fourteen he matriculated in the Bombay University, having then already attained such proficiency in Sanskrit that he was able to take it up for examination

as his second language. He joined the Elphinstone College still bearing then on its teaching the impress of vigour stamped on it by Sir Alexander Grant. Principal Hughlings was a man, not only of learning, but of great fertility of thought. His society and conversation, always at the service of a promising student, afforded young Telang exactly the stimulus and nourishment that he required. His excursive and synthetic faculty became active and powerful in full proportion to his ever-growing store of positive knowledge. Perhaps he was put to University work too soon. There is a precocity of the Hindus for which allowance must be made, but even in their case there can very seldom be the ripeness at fourteen or fifteen which fits for effective philosophical study. Telang, however, had such remarkable ability that no mental crudeness was ever observable as the consequence of his early grappling with the problems of thought and scholarship. It was in his physical strength, his capacity to sustain the wear of life, that he suffered, if at all, by assuming, while still a boy, the tasks of manhood.

Mr. Telang took the degree of B.A. of the Bombay University, in January, 1868. The liberal breadth of his studies had not perhaps been quite favourable to success in dealing with examination papers, which depends rather on accurate recollection and facility of reproduction within a narrow field, or in particular promising sections of a wide field, than on the general assimilation of a literature, the living reproduction of its spirit, which really constitutes culture. He had, like many other men who have risen to eminence, to content himself with second-class honours, but he gained special prizes and scholarships during his college course, and he was, on all hands, recognized as a youth of quite exceptional promise. He had already, as an undergraduate, entered on the study of law, and he now took up that subject more seriously. Concurrently with this he had to teach Sanskrit for a livelihood, first as an assistant in the Elphinstone High School, and afterwards as Dakshina fellow in the Elphinstone College. With such