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$447,873; damaged clothing yielded $902,770. Military railroads, 2,630 miles, 6,695 cars, 433 locomotives transferred to proper authorities, and railroad equipments were sold, amounting to $10,910,812.

The whole number of men enlisted at different times during the war was 2,688,522. Of these, 56,000 were killed in battle; 210,400 died of wounds and disease in the military hospitals, and 80,000 died after discharge, from disease contracted during service; making a total loss of about 300,000 men. About 200,000 were crippled or permanently disabled. Of colored troops, 180,000 enlisted and 30,000 died. More than $300,000,000 was paid in bounties, and by States, towns and cities, for the support of the families of the soldiers.

The records of the medical department of the army give the number treated as 5,825,000, including field and hospital both. Of these the fatal cases were 166,623. The wounded were 273,175, of which 33,777 died.

A further investigation of the Records of the War Department show that, during the struggle, 220,000 Confederate soldiers were captured, of whom 26,436 died of wounds or disease during their captivity; while of 126,940 Union soldiers captured, 22,756 died while prisoners. This shows that but 11 per cent. of the Confederate prisoners died in the hands of the government, while 17.6 per cent. Union prisoners died in the hands of the Confederates.

Extensive and complete arrangements for the care of the sick and wounded, had been made by the Government. At the close of the war, there were no less than 204 general hospitals, fully equipped, having a capacity of 136,894 beds; besides these, there were numerous temporary and flying hospitals, in camps, or on vessels.

The low rate of mortality in the Union army was due to several causes, prominent among which was the employment of competent surgeons, a bountiful provision in all hospitals. to every necessity; and, perhaps, the most creditable feature of the entire period of conflict, was the beneficent provision made during the

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war by the United States Sanitary Commission, and the Christian Commission, and the untiring labors of women everywhere. The Sanitary Commission disbursed $14,600,000 in money and supplies; and the Christian Commission is believed to have expended not less than $6,000,000 in

the same way, the only HENRY W. BELLOWS, D. D., FOUNDER difference being that

U. S. SANITARY COMMISSION,

the latter Commission looked after the religious and literary wants of the soldiers as well as to their physical requirements.

General Grant, during the summer and fall of 1865, made tours of pleasure and inspection through the North, continuing them to the West and South. He was everywhere received with the greatest enthusiasm. Harvard College made him a Doctor of Laws. To enumerate the gifts and honors showered upon him would require a volume in itself. The adulation of his countrymen did not change him from the quiet, unpretending, steady man who

had ever exhibited the same calm and unexcited exterior.

In July, Congress created the grade of "General of the Army of the United States," and General Grant was nominated and immediately confirmed for the position on the 25th of July, 1866.

The South was undergoing the convulsions incident to the close of a great civil war, an entire re-organization of society, and a change in the

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VINCENT COLYER, CHAIRMAN U. S. CHRISTIAN COMMISSION.

The disbanded officers and

relations of master and slave. soldiers of the rebel armies had returned to the South, and sought to resume their former influence on political questions, a condition of affairs as stated by General Sheridan to be "anomalous, singular and unsatisfactory." To add to these complications and embarrassments, about this time a serious disagreement arose between President Johnson and Congress, touching the great question of reorganizing the Southern States, the former holding that the ordinances of secession were, in their very nature, null and void, and therefore, the seceded States had never been out of the Union; while the majority in Congress held that the acts of secession were illegal and unconstitutional, but, that these States had been, by these acts, actually detached from the Union, and that special legislation, and

special guarantees were necessary in order to restore them to their former relations under the government.

President Johnson began, early in the summer, measures of reconstruction in accordance with his own views, while the National Congress pursued its own policy in regard to the reconstruction of the South. The attitude of the executive and legislative department became constantly more unfriendly. Mr. Stanton, then Secretary of War, did not coincide with the President in his views upon the question of reconstruction in the Southern States, and became peculiarly obnoxious to Johnson. President Johnson determined to remove Stanton from the office of Secretary of War, and appoint General Grant as Secretary ad interim.

General Grant remonstrated with the President against the proceeding, but Johnson was not to be influenced, and the next day sent Grant a letter directing him to act as Secretary of War ad interim. It is not our purpose to write a history of the differences between President Johnson and Congress on the question of reconstruction in the rebellious States, except so far as the action of General Grant is

concerned.

General Grant addressed a letter to Mr. Stanton as soon as he received the notification that he was to supersede that gentleman, which expressed in strong terms his high sense of the valuable services rendered by him to the country, and to the army.

On the 17th of August President Johnson requested General Grant to remove from command at New Orleans General Sheridan, who had by a faithful carrying out of the laws in the States of Louisiana and Texas, made himself offensive to the rebel element. He at the same time

requested Grant to make any suggestions in regard to the order. Grant unhesitatingly replied:

"I am pleased to avail myself of this invitation to urge, earnestly urge, urge in the name of a patriotic people who have sacrificed hundreds of thousands of loyal lives and thousands of millions of treasure to preserve the integrity and union of this country, that this order be not insisted on. It is unmistakably the expressed wish of the country that General Sheridan should not be removed from his present command.

"This is a republic, where the will of the people is the law of the land I beg that their voice may be heard.

"General Sheridan has performed his civil duties faithfully anά Intelligently. His removal will only be regarded as an effort to de feat the laws of Congress."

For a time the order was suspended, but General Sher. idan was afterward removed. On the 13th of January the Senate passed the following resolution:

"Resolved, That having considered the evidence and reasons given by the President in his report of the 12th of December, 1867, for the suspension, from the office of Secretary of War, of Edwin M. Stanton, the Senate do not concur in such suspension."

As soon as General Grant was informed of this action he refused to continue longer to act as Secretary of War ad interim, and surrendered the keys of the office to the Adjutant General, the custodian of the building, and returned to his office at the headquarters of the army. In a letter to the President defending his conduct, he uses the following forcible language:

"The course you have understood I agreed to pursue was in violation of law, and that without orders from you; while the course I did pursue, and which I never doubted you fully understood, was in accordance with law, and not in disobedience of any orders of my superior. And now, Mr. President, when my honor as a soldier, and integrity as a man, have been so violently assailed, pardon me for

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