335.

Pure in body and mind, humbly ferving the three higher claffes, mild in speech, never

arrogant, ever feeking refuge in Bráhmens principally, he may attain the most eminent clafs in another tranfmigration.

336. THIS clear fyftem of duties has been promulgated for the four claffes, when they are not in diftrefs for fubfiftence; now learn ' in order their feveral duties in times of necef

• fity.'

CHAPTER THE TENTH.

On the mixed Claffes; and on Times of Distress.

1. LET the three twiceborn claffes, remaining firm in their feveral duties, carefully read the Véda; but a Bráhmen muft explain it to them, not a man of the other two claffes: this is an established rule.

2. The Brahmen must know the means of fubfiftence ordained by law for all the claffes, and muft declare them to the reft: let him⚫ felf likewife act in conformity to law.

3.

• From priority of birth, from superiority of origin, from a more exact knowledge of fcripture, and from a distinction in the facrificial thread, the Bráhmen is the lord of all ' claffes.

4. The three twiceborn claffes are the facerdotal, the military, and the commercial; but the fourth, or fervile, is onceborn, that is, • has no fecond birth from the gáyatrí, and wears • no thread: nor is there a fifth pure clafs.

5. In all claffes they, and they only, who ← are born, in a dire order, of wives equal in

• class and virgins at the time of marriage, are to be confidered as the fame in clafs with their 'fathers:

6. Sons, begotten by twiceborn men, on ⚫ women of the clafs next immediately below 'them, wife legislators call fimilar, not the same, • in class with their parents, because they are • degraded, to a middle rank between both, by the 'lowness of their mothers: they are named in order, Múrdhábhishi&ta, Máhishya, and Carana, or Cáyaft'ha; and their feveral employments are teaching military exercises; musick, aftronomy, and keeping herds; and attendance on • princes.

7.

Such is the primeval rule for the fons ' of women one degree lower than their husbands: for the fons of women two or three degrees 'lower, let this rule of law be known.

8. From a Bráhmen, on a wife of the Vaifya clafs, is born a fon called Ambafht' ha, or 'Vaidya, on a Súdra wife a Nifháda, named • alfo Párafava:

9. • From a Chatriya, on a wife of the Súdra clafs, fprings a creature, called Ugra, with a 'nature partly warlike and partly fervile, fero'cious in his manners, cruel in his acts.

10. The fons of a Bráhmen by women of 'three lower claffes, of a Chatriya by women of two, and of a Vaifya by one lower clafs, are

called apafadáb, or degraded below their fa•thers.

11. From a Chatriya, by a Bráhmeni wife,

fprings a Súta by birth; from a Vaifya, by a military or facerdotal wife, spring a Mágadha and a Vaidéha.

12.

From a Súdra, on women of the commercial, military, and prieftly claffes, are born • fons of a mixed breed, called A'yógava, Chattri, and Chandala, the loweft of mortals.

13. As the Ambafht' ha and Ugra, born in a direct order with one clafs between those of their parents, are confidered in law, fo are the

Chattri and the Vaidéba, born in an inverse order with one intermediate class; and all four may be touched without impurity.

14. Thofe fons of the twiceborn, who are begotten on women without an interval (Antara) between the claffes mentioned in order, the wife called Anantaras, giving them a diftinct name from the lower degree of their • mothers.

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15. From a Bráhmen, by a girl of the Ugra

tribe, is born an A'vrita; by one of the Ambaft'ha tribe, an Abhira; by one of the Ayogava tribe, a Dhigvana.

16. The Ayogava, the Chattrì, and the Chandála, the lowest of men, spring from a • Súdra in an inverfe order of the classes, and

are, therefore, all three excluded from the performance of obfequies to their ancestors:

17. • From a Vailya the Mágadha and Vaidéha, from a Chatriya the Súta only, are born

in an inverse order; and they are three other 'fons excluded from funeral rites to their fathers.

18. The fon of a Nifháda, by a woman of the Súdra clafs, is by tribe a Puccafa; but the fon of a Súdra by a Nishidi woman, is named

• Cuccutaca.

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19. One, born of a Chattri by an Ugrá, is 'called Swapáca; and one, begotten by a Vaide'ha on an Ambafhthi wife, is called Véna.

20. Thofe, whom the twiceborn beget on 'women of equal claffes, but who perform not the proper ceremonies of affuming the thread, and the like, people denominate Vrátyas, or 'excluded from the gayatri.

21. • From fuch an outcast Bráhmen fprings a fon of a finful nature, who in different countries is named a Bhúrjacantaca, an Avantya, · a Vátadhána, a Pufhpadha, and a Saic'ha:

22. From fuch an outcaft Chatriya comes a fon called a J'halla, a Malla, a Nich'hivi, a 'Nata, a Carana, a C'hafa, and a Dravira:

23. 'From fuch an outcast Vaifya is born a fon called Sudhanwan, Chárya, Cárusha, Vijanman, Maitra, and Satwata.

24. By intermixtures of the claffes, by their