Schtreel, m. (a comb), Swiss, Alsatian, Suab. der strähl. But G. striegel, PG. striegel, PG. strigl, is a currycomb. Aarsch, the butt end of an egg, as in Suabian. Falsch (angry), as in Swiss, Bavarian, and Austrian. PG. Sel hət mich falsch g'macht. That made me angry. Hoochtsich, Alsat. hoochtsitt, G. hochzeit (a wedding). Heemǝln, Swiss heimeln (to cause a longing, to cause home feelings). "Wie hämelt mich do alles a'! Wii heemlt mich doo alles aa ! ich schtee, un denk, un gukk; un was ich schiir f'rgesse hab, kummt widd'r tsrik, wii aus seim graab, un schteet doo wii ǝ schpukk! Ich steh, un denk, un guck ;: Un was ich schier vergessa hab, Kummt wider z'rück, wie aus seim Grab, Un steht do wie e' Spook!" Harb. (G. Wie alles da anheimelt mich) How all here impresses me with home, I stand, and think, and look; and what I had almost forgotten, comes back again as out of its grave, and stands here like a ghost. Drop, pl. drep (simpleton, poor soul). "O du armer Tropff! (Suabian). Radlof, 2, 10. "Die arma Drep!"-Harbaugh. Schwalme (Swiss, for G. schwalbe, a swallow). Jaa (O. Eng. yes), is used in answer to affirmative questions. “Sin dii sachǝ dei, ? Jaa, sii sin." (Are the things thine ? Yes, they are.) “Sin dii sachə net dei? Joo, sii sin" (Are the things not thine. Yea, they are.) "Bischt du net' g'sund? Joo, ich bin."1 (Are you not well? Yea, I am well.) saagt, G. sagt (he says): secht, as if G. sägt, for sagte (he said), as if it were a strong verb. Gleich, to like, be fond of, Eng. to like, but perhaps not Eng. Abartich, bartich, Ch. viii., § 3, ¶ 6 (adj. unusual, strange); (adv. especially). G. abartig degenerate. "Der duckter sogt eara complaint wær conclommereashen im kup, so dos se so unfergleichlich schwitza mus in der nacht, abbordich wan se tsu gedeckt is mit em fedder bet."-Rauch, Feb. 1, 1870. The doctor asserts her " complaint' to be ... 'conglomeration' in the head, so that she must sweat uncommonly in the night, PARTICULARLY when she is covered [tsu is accented] in with the feather bed. Biibi, piipi, biibəli; Swiss bibi, bibeli, bidli (a young chicken). Used also to call fowls-the second form in the vicinal English, in which a male fowl is often called a hé-biddy. 1 The Rev. D. Ziegler. The Swiss use in PG. of the genitive form des of the article, instead of the neuter nominative das, causes little or no confusion, because this genitive is not required, and its new use prevents confusion between das and dasz. Where German uses des, as in Der Gaul des (or meines) Nachbars (the horse of the, or my, neighbor), PG. uses a dative form dem (or meim for meinem) nochbər sei, gaul (the neighbor his horse). See the quotation (p. 28) from Schöpf. PG. inflects most of its verbs regularly, as in 'gedenkt' for G. gedacht, from denken (to think). In the following list, the German infinitive, as backen (to bake), is followed by the third person of the present indicative (er) bäckt, PG. (ær) 'bakt' (he bakes). The PG. infinitive of blasen, braten, fragen, rathen, dürfen, verderben, is 'bloose, broote, frooghe, roote, dærfe, f'rdærwe.' 'bloose' (to blow) and 'nemmǝ' (to take) occur below, in the extract from Miss Bahn. The wind, just listen how it therefore (an expletive) blows, . . . quite nothing is secure for (on account of) him, he takes his (eigener weg) own way; through (einig, einiges) any crack he goes (hinein) in, and goes also (hinauf) up the (stiege) stair. 66 The reader of PG. may be puzzled with 'ma' as used in ous so ma subject mit ma neia Rail Road" (Rauch); 'fun mə' or 'fun əmə,' Ger. dative von einem, Old High German vone einemo ;' G. dem, Ohg. 'demo;' G. meinem, Gothic 'meinamma,' which accounts for the final PG. vowel. Miss Bahn writes it 'mah' 'S is noch so 'n anre glaener drup, Mit so mah grosse dicke kup, Der doh uf English screech-owl haest, Der midde drin hut ah sei nesht.' 's iss noch so n anre gleenǝr drǝp, dær doo uf eng-lisch 'skriitsch-aul' dær middə drin hət aa sei nescht. There is yet such another little fellow, with such a large thick head, this here in English is called 'screech-owl, the middle therein [of the tree] has also its nest. Remarking on "grosse dicke kup" in the second line, my reverend friend Ziegler sends me the following declensions of the united article and adjective. The dative is used for the genitive, as will appear in the chapter on Syntax. Nom., Accus. ən ('n) grosser dicker kopp, əmə ('mə) grossə dickə kopp. Dat., Gen. Nom. der root wei Gen. Dat. Acc. Nom. dii rootǝ wei Plural. iss guut. The red wine is good. sei, farb is schee.. hab ich 's tsu fərdankə. hat ær gedrunkə. sin guut. The red wines are good. iir farb etc. (G. der rothen Weine Farbe ist schön.) hab ich 's etc. (G. den rothen Weinen.) hat ær, etc. CHAPTER IV. GENDER. § 1. Gender of English Words in Pennsylvania German. German gender and declension might be said to be in a state of barbarism, were it not that some of the languages of savages have refinements which are wanting in the tongues of civilised people. German gender being in a high degree arbitrary and irrational, there seem but few principles applicable to introduced words, and yet, the linguistic instinct produces a measure of uniformity. The clear distinction in modern English between a spring and a well, does not exist between the German der quell (and die quelle, PG. ‘dii qkel') and der brunnen, but German has der spring also, which may be used alone, or compounded in springquell or springquelle. Influenced by English, PG. uses 'dii schpring' for a natural spring of water, keeping 'd'r brunne' for a well, 'tsig-brunnə' for a draw-well with a windlas and bucket-but also 'laafəndə brunne' for a spring. As a German says 'dii' for the English article the, which he hears applied to everything singular and plural, and as this die is his own feminine and plural article, he will be likely to say 'dii fens' for the fence, 'dii set' (set, of tools, etc.), 'dii faundri' (foundry), 'dii bænk' (bank of a stream), 'dii færm (farm), 'dii plantaasche' (plantation), 'dii téməti' (timothy hay), 'dii portsch,'dii schtæmp ('stämp' in print, for G. der stempel), 'dii watsch' (timepiece), 'dii bel hat geringt' (the 'bell' has 'rung'), "Stohrstube... mit einer offenen Front," (Store-room with an open front), "die Fronte1 des Hauses" (the 'front of the house),"" Die Sanitäts Board," "Eine Lot Stroh," "Eine Lotte Grund," etc. All of these are feminine 1 Such italics for English words are no part of the original. GENDER OF ENGLISH WORDS IN PG. 25 CHAP. IV. § 1. in PG., together with the English nouns alley, road, borough, square (of a town) fair, forge, creek (a stream), climate, bowl, vendue, court (at law), law, lawsuit, jury, yard (of a house), Als Herr Yost . . . einen groszen Neufundländer Hund in seiner Yard1 anders anbinden wollte, fiel ihn das Thier an . . . der Hund wieder an ihn sprang, und ihn gegen die Fenz1 drängte, Der Pennsylvanier, Lebanon, Pa. Sept. 1, 1869. Of the masculine gender are river (PG. 'rewer'), bargain, crop, beef (but 'gedörtes beef' makes it neuter), carpet, turnpike (or pike), store, gravel, shop, smith-shop, shed, and of course words like squire, lawyer, and "assignie." Of the neuter gender are "das främ" (frame), " das flaur" (flour, influenced by G. das mehl), das screen, das photograph, das piano, das supper, das buggy. Wishing to know the gender of the preceding English words in another county, the list was sent to the Rev. Daniel Ziegler, of York, Pa., who assigns the same genders to them, adding der settee, die umbréll, die parasol, die bréssǝnt (prison), das lampblack, das picter (picture), das candy, das cash, das lumber (building timber), das scantling, das pavement, das township. German die butter (butter) is masculine in PG. as in South Germany and Austria; and die forelle (the trout) is PG. ‘dær fərél.' G. die tunke (gravy) is neuter under the form 'tunkǝs' in PG., which makes the yard measure feminine, although in Germany (and in print here), it has been adopted as masculine. Variations in grammatic gender are to be expected under the degenderising influence of English, but at present the 1 This mode of indicating words is used to avoid corrupting the text with italics. 2 As this essay is passing through the press, I add the following examples, which are all in print. Der charter, deed (legal), humbug, lunch or lunsch, ein delikater SaurkrautLunch. Revenuetarif, crowd, fight, molasses, Select-Council, crop (fem. with Miss Bahn). Im Juli-schreit der Whipper-will. Die jail, legislatur, Grandjury or grand Jury, ward (of a city), lane, toll, gate, pike or peik, bill (legislative), Cornetband or Cornet Band, eine grosze Box (of medicine), gefängniszbox, platform, manufactory, shelfing, counter. Das County, committee or comite, picnic, screen (coal-screen), law (also fem.), trial, verdikt, basin (reservoir), Groszes Raffle für Turkeys und Gänse, ausgeraffelt werden. · ... |