the measure is full, the line is acatalectic; when there is a redundant syllable, it is called hypermeter.

264. Scanning.

1. Scanning consists in dividing a verse into the feet which compose it.

265. Iambic Verse.

1. Iambic of one foot-monometer :—

They gō

To sow.

2. Iambic of two feet-dimeter :—

To me the rōse

No longer glows.

3. Iambic of three feet-trimeter :—

No rōy- | ǎl pōmp | ǎdōrns
This King of righteousness.

4. Iambic of four feet-tetrameter :—

And cold- | ĕr still | the winds | did blow,
And darker hours of night came on.

5. Iambic of five feet-pentameter :—

On rift- ed rocks, | the drag- | on's late | ǎbōdes,
I
The green reed trembles, and the bulrush nods.

6. Iambic of six feet--hexameter:

His heart | is sad, | his hōpe | ĭs gōne, | his light | is passed;
He sits and mourns in silent grief the lingering day.

7. Iambic of seven feet-heptameter :—

The lofty hill, | the hum- | ble lawn, | with count- | less beau- | tĭes shine;

The silent grove, the solemn shade, proclaim thy power divine. 8. Iambic of five feet is called heroic verse; that of six feet is called Alexandrine.

9. Iambic of seven feet is commonly divided into two linesthe first containing four feet, the second three. This is called common metre; as,

Scanning. Iambic verse. Heroic. Alexandrine.

The lofty hill, the humble lawn,
With countless beauties shine;

The silent grove, the solemn shade,
Proclaim thy power divine.

10. In long metre, each line has four iambic feet; in short metre, the first, second, and fourth lines contain three iambic feet, the third four.

11. Each species of iambic verse may have one additional short syllable, thus:

(a.) Rělent- | Ing.

(b.) Upōn | ǎ mōun- | tain.

(c.) When on | her Ma- | kĕr's bō- | som.

(d.) First this | lărge pār- | cel brings | you ti- | dings.

(e.) Each sub- | stance of | ǎ grief | hath twēn- | ty shad- | ŏws. (f.) Thine eye | Jove's light- | ning seems, | thy voice | his dread- | ful thūn- | děr.

(9.) How gay-lỹ ō- | věr fell | and fen | yon sports- | man light | is dash- ing!

4. Trochaic of four feet :

'Twas the hōur when | rītes un | hōly,
Called each Paynim | voice to | prayer.

5. Trochaic of five feet :

:

All that | walk on | fōot ŏr | ride în | chariots,

All that dwell in palaces or garrets.

6. Trochaic of six feet :

On ǎ | mōuntăin | stretched, be- | nēath ă | hōarỹ | willow,
Lay a shepherd swain, and viewed the rolling billow.

Long Metre. Trochaic verse.

7. In trochaic verse, the accent is placed upon the odd syllables; in iambic, on the even.

8. Trochaic verse may take an additional long syllable; as, (a.) Where we | māy

Think and pray.

(5.) And ǎt | mōrn they | play,

In the foaming spray.

(c.) Heaving upward | to the | light.

(d.) Where- | fore | thus my | weary | spirit | woo?

(e.) Reared 'mid | fauns and | fairies, | knew he | no com- | peers. (f.) Casting down their | golden | crowns a- | round the | glassy |.

sea.

267. Anapæstic Verse.

1. Anapastic of one foot :

But in vain

They complain.

2. Anapastic of two feet :

Where the sun | loves to pause

With so fond a delay.

3. Anapastic of three feet :

From the cen- | trẽ, all round | to the sea,

I'm lord of the fowl and the brute.

4. Anapastic of four feet :—

O, young | Lochinvar | is come out | of the west,

Through all the wide bor- | der his steed | was the best.

5. In anapæstic verse, the accent falls on every third syllable. The first foot of an anapæstic verse may be an iambus; as,

And mōr-tals the sweets | of forgēt- | fulness prāve.

268. Dactylic Verse.

1. Dactylic of one foot :

Cheerfully,
Fearfully.

2. Dactylic of two feet:—

Father all glōrĭous,

O'er all victorious.

Anapæstic verse. Dactylic verse.

3. Dactylic of three feet :

Wearing ǎ- | way in his | youthfulness,
Loveliness, beauty, and truthfulness.

4. Dactylic of four feet :

Shame and dis | hōnor sit | by his grăve | ĕvěr,

Blessings shall | hallow it, | never oh, | never!

5. Few poems are perfectly regular in their feet. Dactylic verse is very irregular; the final short syllables are often omitted, as in the last example. The different kinds of feet are often mingled in the same verse, thus:

I come, I cōme; | ye have called | me lōng;

I cōme | o'er the moun- | tains with light | and song.

269. Poetic Pauses.

1. Besides the pauses required by the sense or grammatical construction of verse, two pauses the final and casural-may also occur.

2. The final pause occurs at the end of each line, whether the sense requires it or not.

3. The casural pause occurs within the line itself, and is only a suspension of the voice; as,

"Ask for what end-the heavenly bodies shine."

270. Exercise.

1. Scan the following, and tell what kind of verse it is :

Art is long, and time is fleeting,

And our hearts, though stout and brave,
Still like muffled drums are beating,

Funeral marches to the grave.-Longfellow.

From Greenland's icy mountains,
From India's coral strand,
Where Afric's sunny fountains
Roll down their golden sand;
From many an ancient river,
From many a palmy plain,

They call us to deliver

Their land from errors' chain.-Heber.

Poetic pauses. Final. Cæsural.

Hail, holy Light, offspring of Heaven first-born,
Or of the Eternal co-eternal beam!

May I express thee unblamed? since God is light,
And never but in unapproachéd light

Dwelt from eternity, dwelt then in thee,
Bright effluence of bright essence incrcate!
Or hear'st thou rather, pure ethereal stream,
Whose fountain who shall tell?-Milton.

Ye nymphs of Solyma! begin the song;
To heavenly themes sublimer strains belong.
The mossy fountains and the sylvan shades,
The dreams of Pindus and th' Aonian maids,
Delight no more!-0 thou my voice inspire,
Who touched Isaiah's hallowed lips with fire!-Pope.

Ruin seize thee, ruthless king!
Confusion on thy banners wait!

Though fanned by conquest's crimson wing,
They mock the air with idle state.-Gray.

Earth may hide-waves engulf-fire consume us,
But they shall not to slavery doom us;

If they rule, it shall be o'er our ashes and graves,
But we've smote them already with fire on the waves;
And new triumphs on land are before us,

To the charge!-Heaven's banner is o'er us.-Campbell.

Hail to the chief who in triumph advances!
Honored and blest be the ever-green pine!
Long may the tree in his banner that glances,
Flourish, the shelter and grace of our line!
Heaven send it happy dew,

Earth lend it sap anew,

Gayly to bourgeon, and broadly to grow;
While every highland glen

Sends our shout back again,

Roderigh Vich Alpine Dhu, ho! ieroe!-Scott.

The night winds come and go, mother, upon the meadow grass,
And the happy stars above them, seem to brighten as they pass;
There will not be a drop of rain the whole of the livelong day,
And I'm to be Queen o' the May, mother, I'm to be Queen o' the May.-

Tennyson.