day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die. the path of life. Thou wilt show me He will be elected. Perhaps I shall find my book. I will fear no evil. I will dwell in the house of my God for ever. Shall I go to ride? Will Florence do it? In spite of all your objections, I will do it. The sun will shine. The clock will strike. Shall you go to the lecture? When will the time come? Will the earl do well? 2. Correct the following examples by giving and explaining the right use of SHALL and WILL:— I I will receive a letter when my brother comes. If they make the changes, I do not think I will like them. Will we have a good time, if we go? Perhaps you shall find the purse. I will be unhappy if you do not come. I will be afraid if it is dark. Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me, and I will dwell in the house of the Lord for ever. resolve that he will return with me. I will be obliged to you. I will be punished. What sorrow will I have to endure! The moon shall give her light. Will I write? He is resolved that Mary will go. If we examine the subject, we will perceive the error. I will suffer from poverty; nobody shall help me. When shall you go with me? Where will I leave you? 3. Study the following Models for Analysis, and explain the auxiliaries :— We are marching. . . . Are is an auxiliary verb, denotes present time, I do write He will sing. He has conquered ... and asserts a thing as actual; marching is a present participle, denoting a progressive act; hence are marching is the present tense, indicative mode, progressive form. Do is an auxiliary verb, denotes the present tense, asserts a thing as actual, and imparts emphasis; write denotes the act used indefinitely; hence do write is the present indicative, emphatic form. Will is an auxiliary verb, denotes future time (simply predicts), and asserts a thing as actual; sing denotes the act used indefinitely; hence will sing is in the future tense, indicative mode. Has is an auxiliary verb, denotes present time, is a sign of completed action, and asserts a thing as actual; conquered is the past participle of conquer, denoting a completed or perfect act; hence has conquered is the present perfect, indicative. I had been writing ... Had is an auxiliary verb, denotes past time, is a sign of completion, and with been asserts a thing as actual; been is the past participle of the auxiliary to be, and is used to denote completion; Models for analysis. writing is the present participle of write, formed by adding ing (25, 3), and denotes a progressive act; hence had been writing is the past perfect progressive, indicative. They will have fought. Will is an auxiliary verb; it denotes future time (simply predicts), and asserts a thing as actual; have is a sign of completion; hence will have is the sign of future completion; fought is the past participle of fight; it denotes completion; hence will have fought is the future perfect tense, indicative. May is an auxiliary verb; it denotes present time, asserts a thing as imagined or thought of (not as actual), and gives permission; read denotes an indefinite act; hence may read is the present potential, common form. Is is an auxiliary verb, denotes present time, and of itself asserts a thing as actual, but under the influence of if, asserts a thing as doubtful and conditional; detained is a passive participle, denoting the reception of an act; hence is detained is the present passive, subjunctive. : 4. In the same manner analyze the following examples : The tempest has passed. The sun was rising. I shall be satisfied. The sailor would have been discharged, if he had not given a satisfactory excuse. The boys were anxious to go. Leslie hoped to have finished the work before the storm approached. Go to the prison. Write an answer. The letter may have been delayed. If you should write a correct lesson, you would be commended. 5. Write three examples of the emphatic indicative past; three of the progressive past perfect; four of the progressive potential past perfect; also any other which your teacher may give. Thus Truth, 6. Tell the MODE, TENSE, and FORM of each of the following verbs:Shepherd, lead on. Sweet is the breath of morn. These are thy works. He will be coming. Silence filled the courts of heaven. far shalt thou go. He leads them forth through golden portals. crushed to earth, shall rise again. Do thou in secret pray. brother die, he shall live again. By that time he will have been reaping his wheat. They must go to rest. He has been studying his lesson. The sun will have set when I reach home. He sunk to repose where the red heaths are blended. Models for analysis. If thy 115. Uses of the Auxiliaries-formation of Tenses. 1. The auxiliaries may combine, to form the tenses, (a.) With participles; as, “I am writing; He was loved; We have written. (b.) With infinitives (111, 4); as, I may write; They shall read. (c.) With both united; as, I may have learned. 2. In the indicative mode they combine as follows: Emp. form, do love,-inf. and do, dost, does. Prog. form, am loving,-pres. part. and am, is, art, are. Pas. form, am loved,-pas. part. and am, is, art, are. Emp. form, did love,-inf. and did, didst. Prog. form, was loving,-pres. part. and was, wast, were. Pas. form, was loved,-pas. part. and was, wast, were. Com. form, shall love,—inf. and shall, shalt, Prog. form, shall be loving,-inf. of be, and Prog. form, have been loving,-past part. Com. form, had loved,-past part. and had, Prog. form, had been loving,-past part. been, Com. form, shall have loved,-inf. of have, and past part. with shall, shalt, will, wilt. Prog. form, shall have been loving,-inf. of have, past part. of been, and pres. part. with shall, shalt, will, wilt. Pas. form, shall have been loved,-inf. of have, and past part. been, and pas. part. with shall, shalt, will, wilt. Formation of tenses. 3. In the potential mode they combine as follows (a.) Abs. tenses. (b.) Rel. tenses. Present. Past. Pres. perf. Past perf. Com. form, may love,-inf. and may, mayst, can, canst, must. Prog. form, may be loving,-inf. of be, and pres. part. with may, mayst, can, canst, must. Pas. form, may be loved,-inf. of be and pas. part. with may, mayst, can, canst, must. Com. form, might love,-inf. and might, mightst, could, couldst, should, shouldst, would, wouldst. Prog. form, might be loving,-inf. of be, and pres. part. with might, mightst, could, couldst, would, wouldst, should, shouldst. Pas. form, might be loved,-inf. of be, and pas. part. with might, mightst, could, couldst, would, wouldst, should, shouldst. Com. form, may have loved,-inf. of have, and past part. with may, mayst, can, canst, must. Prog. form, may have been loving, inf. of have, past part. been, and pres. part. with may, mayst, can, canst, must. Pas. form, may have been loved,-inf. of have, past part. been, and pas. part. with may, mayst, can, canst, must. Com. form, might have loved,—inf. of have, and past part. with might, mightst, could, couldst, would, wouldst, should, shouldst. Prog. form, might have been loving,-inf. of have, past part. been, and pres. part. with might, mightst, could, couldst, should, shouldst, would, wouldst. Pas. form, might have been loved,-inf. of have, past part. been, and pas. part. with might, mightst, could, couldst, should, shouldst, would, wouldst. 4. With the exception of the distinctive form in the present and past (107, 5, 6), the subjunctive mode has the same tense-forms as the indicative or potential, with if, unless, though, &c., prefixed; as, "If I love." "If I may love." Formation of tenses. Tense-forms in the subjunctive. 5. The imperative mode has but one tense, the present, which is used generally without the subject expressed, and in all the four forms of the verb; as, Study; be thou studying; be thou loved; do write. 6. The infinitive mode has two tenses-the present and the perfect. The present is used in the common, the progressive, and the passive forms of the verb, and is formed by prefixing "to" to the simple verb for the common form,-"to be" to the present participle for the progressive form, and "to be" to the passive participle for the passive form; as, to write, to be writing, to be written. The perfect is used in the common, the progressive, and the passive forms of the verb, and is formed by prefixing to have to the past participle of the verb for the common form,- —to have been to the present participle for the progressive form,—and to have been to the passive participle for the passive form; as, to have written; to have been writing; to have been written. 7. The present participle is formed by adding ing to the simple verb; as, writing. The past participle is formed for regular verbs by adding ed to the simple verb (25, 3); as, honored. The perfect participle is formed by prefixing having to the past participle of the verb for the common form,-having been to the present participle for the progressive form,—and having been to the passive participle for the passive form; as, having written; having been writing; having been written. 116. Number and Person of the Verb. 1. The number and person of the verb are properties which show its agreement with the subject. Like the subject, the verb has two numbers and three persons. 2. The first person singular, and the first, second, and third persons plural, of the present tense indicative, in all verbs (am, are, was, were, excepted) are alike. The second person singular is like the first, except in the solemn or ancient style, when it is formed by adding st, or est, to the first person; as, "Thou lovest me not." The third person singular is formed from the first, by adding s or es; in ancient style it ends in eth; as, "He goeth." Verbs ending in y, preceded by a consonant, change y into i, and add es, to form the third person singular; as, try, tries. 3. By a figure of enallage (236, 8), the second person plural of the pronoun and verb is substituted, in conversational and familiar style, for Tense-forms in the imperative-infinitive. Formation of present participle -past part.-perf. part. Number and person. |